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    AXIN1 axin 1 [ Homo sapiens (human) ]

    Gene ID: 8312, updated on 5-May-2024

    Summary

    Official Symbol
    AXIN1provided by HGNC
    Official Full Name
    axin 1provided by HGNC
    Primary source
    HGNC:HGNC:903
    See related
    Ensembl:ENSG00000103126 MIM:603816; AllianceGenome:HGNC:903
    Gene type
    protein coding
    RefSeq status
    REVIEWED
    Organism
    Homo sapiens
    Lineage
    Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
    Also known as
    AXIN; CMDOH; PPP1R49
    Summary
    This gene encodes a cytoplasmic protein which contains a regulation of G-protein signaling (RGS) domain and a dishevelled and axin (DIX) domain. The encoded protein interacts with adenomatosis polyposis coli, catenin beta-1, glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta, protein phosphate 2, and itself. This protein functions as a negative regulator of the wingless-type MMTV integration site family, member 1 (WNT) signaling pathway and can induce apoptosis. The crystal structure of a portion of this protein, alone and in a complex with other proteins, has been resolved. Mutations in this gene have been associated with hepatocellular carcinoma, hepatoblastomas, ovarian endometriod adenocarcinomas, and medullablastomas. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2016]
    Expression
    Ubiquitous expression in bone marrow (RPKM 4.6), colon (RPKM 4.0) and 25 other tissues See more
    Orthologs
    NEW
    Try the new Gene table
    Try the new Transcript table

    Genomic context

    Location:
    16p13.3
    Exon count:
    17
    Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
    RS_2023_10 current GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40) 16 NC_000016.10 (287440..352723, complement)
    RS_2023_10 current T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1) 16 NC_060940.1 (282313..347596, complement)
    105.20220307 previous assembly GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25) 16 NC_000016.9 (337440..402723, complement)

    Chromosome 16 - NC_000016.10Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr16:330732-331489 Neighboring gene Rho GDP dissociation inhibitor gamma Neighboring gene protein disulfide isomerase family A member 2 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr16:359414-359928 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr16:359929-360443 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr16:366745-367498 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr16:367499-368250 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr16:368251-369004 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr16:374949-375556 Neighboring gene Sharpr-MPRA regulatory region 4309 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr16:389458-390182 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr16:391465-392016 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 10203 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 6909 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 6907 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 6908 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 6910 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 6911 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 6912 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr16:410874-411722 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr16:411723-412570 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr16:413199-413706 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr16:413707-414213 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr16:414214-414720 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr16:422268-422839 Neighboring gene mitochondrial ribosomal protein L28 Neighboring gene H3K27ac hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr16:431071-431970 Neighboring gene post-GPI attachment to proteins 6 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 6916 Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC100134368 Neighboring gene ribosomal protein L23a pseudogene 5

    Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

    Bibliography

    GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

    What's a GeneRIF?

    Phenotypes

    Associated conditions

    Description Tests
    Caudal duplication
    MedGen: C1842884 OMIM: 607864 GeneReviews: Not available
    Compare labs
    Craniometadiaphyseal osteosclerosis with hip dysplasia
    MedGen: CN375632 OMIM: 620558 GeneReviews: Not available
    not available
    Hepatocellular carcinoma
    MedGen: C2239176 OMIM: 114550 GeneReviews: Not available
    Compare labs

    EBI GWAS Catalog

    Description
    Genome-wide meta-analysis identifies 56 bone mineral density loci and reveals 14 loci associated with risk of fracture.
    EBI GWAS Catalog

    HIV-1 interactions

    Replication interactions

    Interaction Pubs
    Knockdown of axin1 by siRNAs significantly enhances HIV-1 replication in human acute monocytic leukemia cells PubMed

    Protein interactions

    Protein Gene Interaction Pubs
    Tat tat Axin1 regulates HIV-1 Tat-mediated transcription, which requires beta-catenin and TCF4 PubMed

    Go to the HIV-1, Human Interaction Database

    Pathways from PubChem

    Interactions

    Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

    General gene information

    Markers

    Clone Names

    • MGC52315

    Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

    Function Evidence Code Pubs
    enables I-SMAD binding IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
     
    enables I-SMAD binding IPI
    Inferred from Physical Interaction
    more info
    PubMed 
    enables R-SMAD binding IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    enables SMAD binding IPI
    Inferred from Physical Interaction
    more info
    PubMed 
    enables armadillo repeat domain binding ISS
    Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
    more info
     
    enables beta-catenin binding IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
     
    enables beta-catenin binding IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    enables beta-catenin binding IPI
    Inferred from Physical Interaction
    more info
    PubMed 
    enables enzyme binding IPI
    Inferred from Physical Interaction
    more info
    PubMed 
    enables identical protein binding IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
     
    enables identical protein binding IPI
    Inferred from Physical Interaction
    more info
    PubMed 
    enables identical protein binding ISS
    Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
    more info
     
    enables molecular adaptor activity IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
     
    enables molecular adaptor activity IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    enables p53 binding IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    enables protein binding IPI
    Inferred from Physical Interaction
    more info
    PubMed 
    enables protein homodimerization activity ISS
    Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
    more info
     
    enables protein kinase binding IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
     
    enables protein kinase binding ISS
    Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
    more info
     
    enables signaling adaptor activity TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    PubMed 
    enables ubiquitin protein ligase binding IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
     
    enables ubiquitin protein ligase binding IPI
    Inferred from Physical Interaction
    more info
    PubMed 
    enables ubiquitin-like ligase-substrate adaptor activity IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    PubMed 
    Process Evidence Code Pubs
    involved_in activation of protein kinase activity IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    involved_in apoptotic process IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    involved_in axial mesoderm formation IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    involved_in canonical Wnt signaling pathway IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    involved_in cell development IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
     
    involved_in cytoplasmic microtubule organization IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    involved_in dorsal/ventral axis specification IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    involved_in epigenetic programming in the zygotic pronuclei IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    involved_in head development IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    involved_in in utero embryonic development IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    involved_in negative regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
     
    involved_in negative regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway IC
    Inferred by Curator
    more info
    PubMed 
    involved_in negative regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    involved_in negative regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    PubMed 
    involved_in negative regulation of fat cell differentiation IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    involved_in negative regulation of gene expression IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    involved_in negative regulation of protein metabolic process IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    involved_in negative regulation of transcription elongation by RNA polymerase II IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    involved_in nucleocytoplasmic transport IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    involved_in positive regulation of JNK cascade ISS
    Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
    more info
     
    involved_in positive regulation of peptidyl-serine phosphorylation NAS
    Non-traceable Author Statement
    more info
    PubMed 
    involved_in positive regulation of peptidyl-threonine phosphorylation NAS
    Non-traceable Author Statement
    more info
    PubMed 
    involved_in positive regulation of proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
     
    involved_in positive regulation of protein catabolic process IC
    Inferred by Curator
    more info
    PubMed 
    involved_in positive regulation of protein catabolic process IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    involved_in positive regulation of protein kinase activity IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
     
    involved_in positive regulation of protein phosphorylation IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    involved_in positive regulation of protein ubiquitination IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    PubMed 
    involved_in positive regulation of protein ubiquitination NAS
    Non-traceable Author Statement
    more info
    PubMed 
    involved_in positive regulation of transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    involved_in positive regulation of ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process ISS
    Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
    more info
     
    involved_in post-anal tail morphogenesis IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    involved_in proteasome-mediated ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process NAS
    Non-traceable Author Statement
    more info
    PubMed 
    involved_in protein polyubiquitination IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    involved_in protein-containing complex assembly IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    involved_in sensory perception of sound IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    Component Evidence Code Pubs
    part_of Wnt signalosome IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    part_of beta-catenin destruction complex IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
     
    part_of beta-catenin destruction complex IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    part_of beta-catenin destruction complex NAS
    Non-traceable Author Statement
    more info
    PubMed 
    located_in cell cortex IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    located_in cell periphery IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    located_in cytoplasm IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    located_in cytoplasmic vesicle ISS
    Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
    more info
     
    located_in cytosol TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
     
    located_in lateral plasma membrane IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    located_in microtubule cytoskeleton IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    located_in nucleolus IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
     
    is_active_in nucleus IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
     
    located_in nucleus IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    located_in perinuclear region of cytoplasm IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    is_active_in plasma membrane IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
     

    General protein information

    Preferred Names
    axin-1
    Names
    axis inhibition protein 1
    axis inhibitor 1
    fused, mouse, homolog of
    protein phosphatase 1, regulatory subunit 49

    NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

    NEW Try the new Transcript table

    RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

    These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

    These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

    Genomic

    1. NG_012267.1 RefSeqGene

      Range
      4742..70025
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. NM_003502.4NP_003493.1  axin-1 isoform a

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_003493.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (1) represents the longer transcript, and encodes the longer isoform (a). An upstream in-frame AUG is present that could extend the N-terminus of this isoform by 49 aa; however, there is no evidence that the upstream AUG is used, so the shorter N-terminus is being annotated.
      Source sequence(s)
      AC005202, AF009674, BC035872, DB460285, Z69667, Z99754
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS10405.1
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      O15169, Q4TT26, Q4TT27, Q86YA7, Q8WVW6, Q96S28
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A0A0S2Z4M1, A0A0S2Z4R0
      Related
      ENSP00000262320.3, ENST00000262320.8
      Conserved Domains (4) summary
      cd08707
      Location:89209
      RGS_Axin; Regulator of G protein signaling (RGS) domain found in the Axin protein
      cd11582
      Location:1180
      Axin_TNKS_binding; Tankyrase binding N-terminal segment of axin
      pfam00778
      Location:782857
      DIX; DIX domain
      pfam08833
      Location:464520
      Axin_b-cat_bind; Axin beta-catenin binding domain
    2. NM_181050.3NP_851393.1  axin-1 isoform b

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_851393.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (2) lacks an in-frame exon in the 3' coding region, compared to variant 1. The resulting protein (isoform b) is shorter, compared to isoform a. An upstream in-frame AUG is present that could extend the N-terminus of this isoform by 49 aa; however, there is no evidence that the upstream AUG is used, so the shorter N-terminus is being annotated.
      Source sequence(s)
      AC005202, BC035872, BC044648, DB460285, Z69667
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS10406.1
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A0A0S2Z4M1, A0A0S2Z4S3
      Related
      ENSP00000346935.3, ENST00000354866.7
      Conserved Domains (4) summary
      cd08707
      Location:89209
      RGS_Axin; Regulator of G protein signaling (RGS) domain found in the Axin protein
      cd11582
      Location:1180
      Axin_TNKS_binding; Tankyrase binding N-terminal segment of axin
      pfam00778
      Location:746821
      DIX; DIX domain
      pfam08833
      Location:464520
      Axin_b-cat_bind; Axin beta-catenin binding domain

    RNA

    1. NR_134879.2 RNA Sequence

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (3) lacks two internal exons, compared to variant 1. This variant is represented as non-coding because the use of the 5'-most expected translational start codon renders the transcript a candidate for nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD).
      Source sequence(s)
      AC005202, BC035872, KF615852

    RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001405.40-RS_2023_10

    The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

    Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

    Genomic

    1. NC_000016.10 Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

      Range
      287440..352723 complement
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. XM_011522683.3XP_011520985.1  axin-1 isoform X2

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A0A0S2Z4M1
      Conserved Domains (4) summary
      cd08707
      Location:138258
      RGS_Axin; Regulator of G protein signaling (RGS) domain found in the Axin protein
      cd11582
      Location:60129
      Axin_TNKS_binding; Tankyrase binding N-terminal segment of axin
      pfam00778
      Location:800875
      DIX; DIX domain
      pfam08833
      Location:518574
      Axin_b-cat_bind; Axin beta-catenin binding domain
    2. XM_011522682.3XP_011520984.1  axin-1 isoform X1

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A0A0S2Z4M1
      Conserved Domains (4) summary
      cd08707
      Location:138258
      RGS_Axin; Regulator of G protein signaling (RGS) domain found in the Axin protein
      cd11582
      Location:60129
      Axin_TNKS_binding; Tankyrase binding N-terminal segment of axin
      pfam00778
      Location:836911
      DIX; DIX domain
      pfam08833
      Location:518574
      Axin_b-cat_bind; Axin beta-catenin binding domain
    3. XM_017023745.3XP_016879234.1  axin-1 isoform X3

    4. XM_047434732.1XP_047290688.1  axin-1 isoform X6

    5. XM_047434731.1XP_047290687.1  axin-1 isoform X5

    6. XM_011522686.1XP_011520988.1  axin-1 isoform X4

      Conserved Domains (2) summary
      pfam00778
      Location:501576
      DIX; DIX domain
      pfam08833
      Location:183239
      Axin_b-cat_bind; Axin beta-catenin binding domain
    7. XM_017023746.2XP_016879235.1  axin-1 isoform X7

      Conserved Domains (2) summary
      pfam00778
      Location:432507
      DIX; DIX domain
      pfam08833
      Location:114170
      Axin_b-cat_bind; Axin beta-catenin binding domain
    8. XM_017023747.2XP_016879236.1  axin-1 isoform X8

    9. XM_017023748.2XP_016879237.1  axin-1 isoform X9

    RNA

    1. XR_001751996.2 RNA Sequence

    Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

    Genomic

    1. NC_060940.1 Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

      Range
      282313..347596 complement
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. XM_054314079.1XP_054170054.1  axin-1 isoform X11

    2. XM_054314078.1XP_054170053.1  axin-1 isoform X10

    3. XM_054314082.1XP_054170057.1  axin-1 isoform X6

    4. XM_054314081.1XP_054170056.1  axin-1 isoform X5

    5. XM_054314080.1XP_054170055.1  axin-1 isoform X4

    6. XM_054314083.1XP_054170058.1  axin-1 isoform X7