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VRK2 VRK serine/threonine kinase 2 [ Homo sapiens (human) ]

Gene ID: 7444, updated on 10-Oct-2024

Summary

Official Symbol
VRK2provided by HGNC
Official Full Name
VRK serine/threonine kinase 2provided by HGNC
Primary source
HGNC:HGNC:12719
See related
Ensembl:ENSG00000028116 MIM:602169; AllianceGenome:HGNC:12719
Gene type
protein coding
RefSeq status
REVIEWED
Organism
Homo sapiens
Lineage
Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
Summary
This gene encodes a member of the vaccinia-related kinase (VRK) family of serine/threonine protein kinases. The encoded protein acts as an effector of signaling pathways that regulate apoptosis and tumor cell growth. Variants in this gene have been associated with schizophrenia. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants that differ in their subcellular localization and biological activity. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2014]
Expression
Ubiquitous expression in adrenal (RPKM 6.3), appendix (RPKM 5.7) and 25 other tissues See more
Orthologs
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Genomic context

See VRK2 in Genome Data Viewer
Location:
2p16.1
Exon count:
21
Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
RS_2024_08 current GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40) 2 NC_000002.12 (57907592..58159920)
RS_2024_08 current T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1) 2 NC_060926.1 (57912292..58164754)
RS_2024_09 previous assembly GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25) 2 NC_000002.11 (58134727..58387055)

Chromosome 2 - NC_000002.12Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC105377628 Neighboring gene OCT4-NANOG hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr2:58023570-58024119 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 11504 Neighboring gene MPRA-validated peak3708 silencer Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC124907769 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 11505 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 15790 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 15791 Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC124907770 Neighboring gene OCT4-NANOG hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr2:58206217-58206824 Neighboring gene MPRA-validated peak3709 silencer Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 15792 Neighboring gene formin-2-like Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr2:58273209-58273764 Neighboring gene H3K27ac hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr2:58273765-58274320 Neighboring gene Sharpr-MPRA regulatory region 1372 Neighboring gene VRK2 intron CAGE-defined low expression enhancer Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr2:58343433-58343934 Neighboring gene NANOG hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr2:58345900-58346401 Neighboring gene MPRA-validated peak3710 silencer Neighboring gene OCT4-NANOG hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr2:58434313-58435228 Neighboring gene FA complementation group L Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 11507 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 15794 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr2:58478751-58479291 Neighboring gene eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 subunit F pseudogene 3 Neighboring gene long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1795

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

Expression

  • Project title: HPA RNA-seq normal tissues HPA RNA-seq normal tissues
  • Description: RNA-seq was performed of tissue samples from 95 human individuals representing 27 different tissues in order to determine tissue-specificity of all protein-coding genes
  • BioProject: PRJEB4337
  • Publication: PMID 24309898
  • Analysis date: Wed Apr 4 07:08:55 2018

Bibliography

GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

Phenotypes

EBI GWAS Catalog

Description
Biological insights from 108 schizophrenia-associated genetic loci.
EBI GWAS Catalog
Common variants conferring risk of schizophrenia.
EBI GWAS Catalog
Genetic determinants of common epilepsies: a meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies.
EBI GWAS Catalog

HIV-1 interactions

Protein interactions

Protein Gene Interaction Pubs
Pr55(Gag) gag The amplified luminescent proximity homogeneous assay (AlphaScreen) identifies the interaction of HIV-1 Gag with VRK2 PubMed

Go to the HIV-1, Human Interaction Database

Interactions

Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

General gene information

Markers

Clone Names

  • FLJ97061

Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

Function Evidence Code Pubs
enables ATP binding IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
 
enables histone H2AS1 kinase activity IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
 
enables protein binding IPI
Inferred from Physical Interaction
more info
PubMed 
enables protein domain specific binding IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
enables protein kinase binding IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
enables protein serine kinase activity IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
 
enables protein serine/threonine kinase activity IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
 
enables protein serine/threonine kinase activity IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
Process Evidence Code Pubs
involved_in DNA damage response IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
 
involved_in cellular response to oxidative stress IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
PubMed 
involved_in chromatin remodeling IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
 
involved_in protein autophosphorylation IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
involved_in protein phosphorylation TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
PubMed 
involved_in regulation of MAPK cascade IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
PubMed 
involved_in regulation of interleukin-1-mediated signaling pathway IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
PubMed 
involved_in signal transduction IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
 
Component Evidence Code Pubs
is_active_in cytoplasm IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
 
located_in cytoplasm IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
located_in endoplasmic reticulum IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
located_in endoplasmic reticulum membrane IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
located_in mitochondrial membrane IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
located_in nuclear envelope ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
 
is_active_in nucleus IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
 
located_in nucleus IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
part_of protein-containing complex IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 

General protein information

Preferred Names
serine/threonine-protein kinase VRK2
Names
vaccinia related kinase 2
vaccinia virus B1R-related kinase 2
NP_001123952.1
NP_001123953.1
NP_001123954.1
NP_001123955.1
NP_001275765.1
NP_001275766.1
NP_001275767.1
NP_001275768.1
NP_006287.2
XP_005264597.1
XP_006712153.1
XP_006712154.1
XP_011531394.1
XP_047301701.1
XP_047301703.1
XP_047301704.1
XP_054199726.1
XP_054199727.1
XP_054199728.1
XP_054199729.1
XP_054199730.1
XP_054199731.1
XP_054199732.1

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

NEW Try the new Transcript table

RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

Genomic

  1. NG_029717.2 RefSeqGene

    Range
    144066..257131
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. NM_001130480.2NP_001123952.1  serine/threonine-protein kinase VRK2 isoform 1

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001123952.1

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (2) differs in the 5' UTR compared to variant 1. Variants 1, 2, 3, and 8 encode the same isoform (1, also known as VRK2A).
    Source sequence(s)
    AB000450, AK223540, AK311205, DB227029
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS1859.1
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    B4DKL0, D6W5D4, D6W5D6, Q49AK9, Q53EU9, Q53S39, Q53S77, Q53TU1, Q86Y07, Q86Y08, Q86Y09, Q86Y10, Q86Y11, Q86Y12, Q8IXI5, Q99987
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    Q05CR6
    Conserved Domains (2) summary
    COG0515
    Location:29421
    SPS1; Serine/threonine protein kinase [Signal transduction mechanisms]
    cd14123
    Location:16314
    STKc_VRK2; Catalytic domain of the Serine/Threonine protein kinase, Vaccinia Related Kinase 2
  2. NM_001130481.2NP_001123953.1  serine/threonine-protein kinase VRK2 isoform 1

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001123953.1

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (3) differs in the 5' UTR compared to variant 1. Variants 1, 2, 3, and 8 encode the same isoform (1, also known as VRK2A).
    Source sequence(s)
    AK311205, AY228367, BC027854
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS1859.1
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    B4DKL0, D6W5D4, D6W5D6, Q49AK9, Q53EU9, Q53S39, Q53S77, Q53TU1, Q86Y07, Q86Y08, Q86Y09, Q86Y10, Q86Y11, Q86Y12, Q8IXI5, Q99987
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    Q05CR6
    Conserved Domains (2) summary
    COG0515
    Location:29421
    SPS1; Serine/threonine protein kinase [Signal transduction mechanisms]
    cd14123
    Location:16314
    STKc_VRK2; Catalytic domain of the Serine/Threonine protein kinase, Vaccinia Related Kinase 2
  3. NM_001130482.2NP_001123954.1  serine/threonine-protein kinase VRK2 isoform 2

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001123954.1

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (4) differs in the 5' UTR, lacks a portion of the 5' coding region, and initiates translation at a downstream in-frame start codon, compared to variant 1. The encoded isoform (2) has a shorter N-terminus than isoform 1.
    Source sequence(s)
    AK223540, AK311205, AY228369, DB227029
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS46292.1
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    Q05CR6
    Related
    ENSP00000398323.2, ENST00000440705.6
    Conserved Domains (2) summary
    COG0515
    Location:6398
    SPS1; Serine/threonine protein kinase [Signal transduction mechanisms]
    cl21453
    Location:1291
    PKc_like; Protein Kinases, catalytic domain
  4. NM_001130483.2NP_001123955.1  serine/threonine-protein kinase VRK2 isoform 3

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001123955.1

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (5) differs in the 5' UTR and contains an alternate exon in the 3' coding region, which results in a frameshift, compared to variant 1. The encoded isoform (3) has a shorter and distinct C-terminus, compared to isoform 1. Variants 5 and 9 encode the same isoform (3, also known as VRK2B).
    Source sequence(s)
    AK311205, AY228372, DB227029
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS46291.1
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    Q05CR6
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    cl21453
    Location:16314
    PKc_like; Protein Kinases, catalytic domain
  5. NM_001288836.1NP_001275765.1  serine/threonine-protein kinase VRK2 isoform 4

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001275765.1

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (6) uses an alternate splice site and contains an alternate exon in the 5' region, compared to variant 1. It initiates translation at a downstream in-frame start codon. The encoded isoform (4) has a shorter N-terminus than isoform 1. Variants 6 and 7 encode the same isoform (4).
    Source sequence(s)
    AK296611, AK311205, DB227029
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS46293.1
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    Q86Y07
    Conserved Domains (2) summary
    COG0515
    Location:1303
    SPS1; Serine/threonine protein kinase [Signal transduction mechanisms]
    cl21453
    Location:1196
    PKc_like; Protein Kinases, catalytic domain
  6. NM_001288837.2NP_001275766.1  serine/threonine-protein kinase VRK2 isoform 1

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001275766.1

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (8) represents use of an alternate upstream promoter and differs in the 5' UTR, compared to variant 1. Variants 1, 2, 3, and 8 encode the same isoform (1, also known as VRK2A).
    Source sequence(s)
    AC068193, AK307113, AK311205, BC036434
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS1859.1
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    B4DKL0, D6W5D4, D6W5D6, Q49AK9, Q53EU9, Q53S39, Q53S77, Q53TU1, Q86Y07, Q86Y08, Q86Y09, Q86Y10, Q86Y11, Q86Y12, Q8IXI5, Q99987
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    Q05CR6
    Related
    ENSP00000408002.2, ENST00000435505.6
    Conserved Domains (2) summary
    COG0515
    Location:29421
    SPS1; Serine/threonine protein kinase [Signal transduction mechanisms]
    cd14123
    Location:16314
    STKc_VRK2; Catalytic domain of the Serine/Threonine protein kinase, Vaccinia Related Kinase 2
  7. NM_001288838.2NP_001275767.1  serine/threonine-protein kinase VRK2 isoform 3

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001275767.1

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (9) represents use of an alternate upstream promoter, differs in the 5' UTR, and contains an alternate exon in the 3' coding region, which results in a frameshift, compared to variant 1. The encoded isoform (3) has a shorter and distinct C-terminus, compared to isoform 1. Variants 5 and 9 encode the same isoform (3, also known as VRK2B).
    Source sequence(s)
    AC068193, AK292727, AK311205, AY228372, BC036434
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS46291.1
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    Q05CR6
    Related
    ENSP00000402375.2, ENST00000417641.6
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    cl21453
    Location:16314
    PKc_like; Protein Kinases, catalytic domain
  8. NM_001288839.2NP_001275768.1  serine/threonine-protein kinase VRK2 isoform 4

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001275768.1

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (7) lacks an exon in the 5' region, compared to variant 1, and initiates translation at a downstream in-frame start codon. The encoded isoform (4) has a shorter N-terminus than isoform 1. Variants 6 and 7 encode the same isoform (4).
    Source sequence(s)
    AC007250, AC073215, AY228371
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS46293.1
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    Q86Y07
    Related
    ENSP00000404156.3, ENST00000412104.6
    Conserved Domains (2) summary
    COG0515
    Location:1303
    SPS1; Serine/threonine protein kinase [Signal transduction mechanisms]
    cl21453
    Location:1196
    PKc_like; Protein Kinases, catalytic domain
  9. NM_006296.7NP_006287.2  serine/threonine-protein kinase VRK2 isoform 1

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_006287.2

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (1) encodes the longest isoform (1). Variants 1, 2, 3, and 8 encode the same isoform (1, also known as VRK2A).
    Source sequence(s)
    AK223540, BC027854
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS1859.1
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    B4DKL0, D6W5D4, D6W5D6, Q49AK9, Q53EU9, Q53S39, Q53S77, Q53TU1, Q86Y07, Q86Y08, Q86Y09, Q86Y10, Q86Y11, Q86Y12, Q8IXI5, Q99987
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    Q05CR6
    Related
    ENSP00000342381.4, ENST00000340157.9
    Conserved Domains (2) summary
    COG0515
    Location:29421
    SPS1; Serine/threonine protein kinase [Signal transduction mechanisms]
    cd14123
    Location:16314
    STKc_VRK2; Catalytic domain of the Serine/Threonine protein kinase, Vaccinia Related Kinase 2

RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001405.40-RS_2024_08

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

Genomic

  1. NC_000002.12 Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

    Range
    57907592..58159920
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. XM_005264540.5XP_005264597.1  serine/threonine-protein kinase VRK2 isoform X1

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for XP_005264597.1

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    B4DKL0, D6W5D4, D6W5D6, Q49AK9, Q53EU9, Q53S39, Q53S77, Q53TU1, Q86Y07, Q86Y08, Q86Y09, Q86Y10, Q86Y11, Q86Y12, Q8IXI5, Q99987
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    Q05CR6
    Conserved Domains (2) summary
    COG0515
    Location:29421
    SPS1; Serine/threonine protein kinase [Signal transduction mechanisms]
    cd14123
    Location:16314
    STKc_VRK2; Catalytic domain of the Serine/Threonine protein kinase, Vaccinia Related Kinase 2
  2. XM_006712091.5XP_006712154.1  serine/threonine-protein kinase VRK2 isoform X3

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for XP_006712154.1

    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    Q05CR6
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    cl21453
    Location:16314
    PKc_like; Protein Kinases, catalytic domain
  3. XM_006712090.5XP_006712153.1  serine/threonine-protein kinase VRK2 isoform X2

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for XP_006712153.1

    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    Q05CR6
    Related
    ENSP00000497378.1, ENST00000648897.1
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    cl21453
    Location:16314
    PKc_like; Protein Kinases, catalytic domain
  4. XM_011533092.4XP_011531394.1  serine/threonine-protein kinase VRK2 isoform X1

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for XP_011531394.1

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    B4DKL0, D6W5D4, D6W5D6, Q49AK9, Q53EU9, Q53S39, Q53S77, Q53TU1, Q86Y07, Q86Y08, Q86Y09, Q86Y10, Q86Y11, Q86Y12, Q8IXI5, Q99987
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    Q05CR6
    Conserved Domains (2) summary
    COG0515
    Location:29421
    SPS1; Serine/threonine protein kinase [Signal transduction mechanisms]
    cd14123
    Location:16314
    STKc_VRK2; Catalytic domain of the Serine/Threonine protein kinase, Vaccinia Related Kinase 2
  5. XM_047445748.1XP_047301704.1  serine/threonine-protein kinase VRK2 isoform X4

  6. XM_047445747.1XP_047301703.1  serine/threonine-protein kinase VRK2 isoform X4

  7. XM_047445745.1XP_047301701.1  serine/threonine-protein kinase VRK2 isoform X4

Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

Genomic

  1. NC_060926.1 Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

    Range
    57912292..58164754
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. XM_054343751.1XP_054199726.1  serine/threonine-protein kinase VRK2 isoform X1

  2. XM_054343754.1XP_054199729.1  serine/threonine-protein kinase VRK2 isoform X3

    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    A8K9L2
  3. XM_054343753.1XP_054199728.1  serine/threonine-protein kinase VRK2 isoform X2

  4. XM_054343752.1XP_054199727.1  serine/threonine-protein kinase VRK2 isoform X1

  5. XM_054343757.1XP_054199732.1  serine/threonine-protein kinase VRK2 isoform X4

  6. XM_054343756.1XP_054199731.1  serine/threonine-protein kinase VRK2 isoform X4

  7. XM_054343755.1XP_054199730.1  serine/threonine-protein kinase VRK2 isoform X4