VEGFA vascular endothelial growth factor A [Homo sapiens (human)] - Gene

Summary

Official Symbol: VEGFAprovided by HGNC
Official Full Name: vascular endothelial growth factor Aprovided by HGNC
Primary source: HGNC:HGNC:12680
See related: Ensembl:ENSG00000112715 MIM:192240
Gene type: protein coding
RefSeq status: REVIEWED
Organism: Homo sapiens
Lineage: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
Also known as: VPF; VEGF; MVCD1
Summary: This gene is a member of the PDGF/VEGF growth factor family. It encodes a heparin-binding protein, which exists as a disulfide-linked homodimer. This growth factor induces proliferation and migration of vascular endothelial cells, and is essential for both physiological and pathological angiogenesis. Disruption of this gene in mice resulted in abnormal embryonic blood vessel formation. This gene is upregulated in many known tumors and its expression is correlated with tumor stage and progression. Elevated levels of this protein are found in patients with POEMS syndrome, also known as Crow-Fukase syndrome. Allelic variants of this gene have been associated with microvascular complications of diabetes 1 (MVCD1) and atherosclerosis. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described. There is also evidence for alternative translation initiation from upstream non-AUG (CUG) codons resulting in additional isoforms. A recent study showed that a C-terminally extended isoform is produced by use of an alternative in-frame translation termination codon via a stop codon readthrough mechanism, and that this isoform is antiangiogenic. Expression of some isoforms derived from the AUG start codon is regulated by a small upstream open reading frame, which is located within an internal ribosome entry site. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2015]
Expression: Broad expression in thyroid (RPKM 146.9), prostate (RPKM 69.5) and 21 other tissues See more
Orthologs: mouse all

Genomic context

Location:: 6p21.1

Exon count:: 9

Annotation release	Status	Assembly	Chr	Location
109	current	GRCh38.p12 (GCF_000001405.38)	6	NC_000006.12 (43770209..43786487)
105	previous assembly	GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25)	6	NC_000006.11 (43737946..43754224)

Chromosome 6 - NC_000006.12 Genomic Context describing neighboring genes

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Go to reference sequence details

Genomic Sequence:

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Expression

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See details

Project title: HPA RNA-seq normal tissues
Description: RNA-seq was performed of tissue samples from 95 human individuals representing 27 different tissues in order to determine tissue-specificity of all protein-coding genes
BioProject: PRJEB4337
Publication: PMID 24309898
Analysis date: Wed Apr 4 07:08:55 2018

Bibliography

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GeneRIFs: Gene References Into FunctionsWhat's a GeneRIF?

GDF6 promotes vascular stabilization by restraining vascular endothelial growth factor signaling.
Title: Growth Differentiation Factor 6 Promotes Vascular Stability by Restraining Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Signaling.
IL-17, a pro-inflammatory cytokine, mostly secreted by infiltrated CD4(+) T helper cells, has shown to mediate resistance to anti-VEGF therapies, through recruiting bone marrow derived cells and modulating stromal cells activities including endothelial cells, tumor associated macrophages and cancer associated fibroblasts. [review]
Title: Recruited bone marrow derived cells, local stromal cells and IL-17 at the front line of resistance development to anti-VEGF targeted therapies.
Case Report: protein-losing enteropathy with undifferentiated connective tissue disease with increased intestinal mucosa VEGF.
Title: Increased expression of vascular endothelial growth factor in a case of protein-losing enteropathy with undifferentiated connective tissue disease.
Study shows that both in prostate and breast cancers vascular endothelial growth factor and sphingosine-kinase-1 are independently regulated by mammalian target of rapamycin 1.
Title: Combination of RAD001 (everolimus) and docetaxel reduces prostate and breast cancer cell VEGF production and tumour vascularisation independently of sphingosine-kinase-1.
Findings show that high expression of the angiogenic marker, VEGF, in visceral adipocytes directly promotes vasculature in the uterus and mTOR activity in the endometrial glands, and provide evidence that VEGF-mTOR signaling drives endometrial cell growth leading to hyperplasia and cancer.
Title: Adipose-Derived VEGF-mTOR Signaling Promotes Endometrial Hyperplasia and Cancer: Implications for Obese Women.
VEGF, COX-2, and p27 may be important biological markers that determine the angiogenic and lymphangiogenic potentials of papillary thyroid carcinoma, particularly between the follicular and classic variants.
Title: Angiogenic and lymphangiogenic profiles in histological variants of papillary thyroid carcinoma.
VEGF may be associated with the onset of schizophrenia
Title: Altered serum levels of vascular endothelial growth factor in first-episode drug-naïve and chronic medicated schizophrenia.
These results not only call into question the use of VEGFA alone in bone regeneration, but also highlight the importance in BTE of appropriately formulated combined delivery of VEGFA and BMP2.
Title: Delivery of VEGFA in bone marrow stromal cells seeded in copolymer scaffold enhances angiogenesis, but is inadequate for osteogenesis as compared with the dual delivery of VEGFA and BMP2 in a subcutaneous mouse model.
VEGF and IL-8 play a prominent role in the pathogenesis of early forms of rosacea and the hemostasis system.
Title: [THE ROLE OF SOME VAZOACTIVE PEPTIDES IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF EARLY FORMES OF ROSACEA AND THE HEMOSTASIS SYSTEM].
The Novel Short Isoform of Securin Stimulates the Expression of Cyclin D3 and Angiogenesis Factors VEGFA and FGF2, but Does Not Affect the Expression of MYC Transcription Factor
Title: [The Novel Short Isoform of Securin Stimulates the Expression of Cyclin D3 and Angiogenesis Factors VEGFA and FGF2, but Does Not Affect the Expression of MYC Transcription Factor].

Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (4029)

Phenotypes

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Find tests for this gene in the NIH Genetic Testing Registry (GTR)

Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

Associated conditions

Description	Tests
Microvascular complications of diabetes 1 MedGen: C2676832 OMIM: 603933 GeneReviews: Not available	Compare labs

Copy number response

Description
Copy number response Triplosensitivity No evidence available (Last evaluated (2012-04-25) ClinGen Genome Curation Page Haploinsufficency Little evidence for dosage pathogenicity (Last evaluated (2012-04-25) ClinGen Genome Curation PagePubMed

NHGRI GWAS Catalog

Description
A genome-wide association study for coronary artery disease identifies a novel susceptibility locus in the major histocompatibility complex. NHGRI GWA Catalog NHGRI GWA CatalogPubMed
A meta-analysis of thyroid-related traits reveals novel loci and gender-specific differences in the regulation of thyroid function. NHGRI GWA Catalog NHGRI GWA CatalogPubMed
Common variants near FRK/COL10A1 and VEGFA are associated with advanced age-related macular degeneration. NHGRI GWA Catalog NHGRI GWA CatalogPubMed
Discovery and refinement of loci associated with lipid levels. NHGRI GWA Catalog NHGRI GWA CatalogPubMed
Genome-wide association analyses identify 18 new loci associated with serum urate concentrations. NHGRI GWA Catalog NHGRI GWA CatalogPubMed
Genome-wide trans-ancestry meta-analysis provides insight into the genetic architecture of type 2 diabetes susceptibility. NHGRI GWA Catalog NHGRI GWA CatalogPubMed
Identification of cis- and trans-acting genetic variants explaining up to half the variation in circulating vascular endothelial growth factor levels. NHGRI GWA Catalog NHGRI GWA CatalogPubMed
Meta-analysis identifies 13 new loci associated with waist-hip ratio and reveals sexual dimorphism in the genetic basis of fat distribution. NHGRI GWA Catalog NHGRI GWA CatalogPubMed
Meta-analysis of genome-wide association data and large-scale replication identifies additional susceptibility loci for type 2 diabetes. NHGRI GWA Catalog NHGRI GWA CatalogPubMed
New loci associated with kidney function and chronic kidney disease. NHGRI GWA Catalog NHGRI GWA CatalogPubMed
Novel loci for adiponectin levels and their influence on type 2 diabetes and metabolic traits: a multi-ethnic meta-analysis of 45,891 individuals. NHGRI GWA Catalog NHGRI GWA CatalogPubMed
Seven new loci associated with age-related macular degeneration. NHGRI GWA Catalog NHGRI GWA CatalogPubMed
Sex-stratified genome-wide association studies including 270,000 individuals show sexual dimorphism in genetic loci for anthropometric traits. NHGRI GWA Catalog NHGRI GWA CatalogPubMed

Variation

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See variants in ClinVar

See studies and variants in dbVar

See Variation Viewer (GRCh37.p13)

See Variation Viewer (GRCh38)

HIV-1 interactions

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Protein interactions

Protein	Gene	Interaction	Pubs
Envelope surface glycoprotein gp120	env	HIV-1 gp120 modulates expression of the cytokines IL1beta, IL3, IL6, IL10, IL13, IL15, IFNbeta2A, IFNgamma, IFNomega, TNFalpha, VEGF, VEGF B, and LIF in PBMCs and MDMs	PubMed
Nef	nef	HIV-1 Nef synergizes with IL-6 to enhance vascular tube formation, cell proliferation, VEGF expression, and phosphorylated AKT activation in human umbilical vein endothelial cells	PubMed
	nef	HIV-1 Nef increases expression of both VEGF and its transcriptional regulator, hypoxia-inducible factor 2alpha (HIF-2alpha), in a Src kinase-and Stat3-dependent manner	PubMed
Tat	tat	HIV-1 Tat increases permeability of human glomerular endothelial cells by activating Rho-A, pMLC, and c-Src pathways, which involves VEGF-A or FGF-2.	PubMed
	tat	VEGF can compete with HIV-1 Tat chemotactic activity in Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) cells, indicating Tat may cooperate with VEGF in activation of VEGFR-2 on KS precursor spindle and endothelial cells and contribute to the aggressiveness of AIDS-KS lesions	PubMed
	tat	HIV-1 Tat upregulates VEGFA (VEGF) expression in HUVEC and EA.hy926 cells	PubMed
	tat	HIV-1 Tat upregulates members of the PDGF/VEGF growth factor family (PDGFA, VEGFA,VEGFB, VEGFC) in mammary epithelial cells	PubMed
	tat	HIV-1 Tat enhances vIL-6-induced angiogenesis and tumorigenesis of fibroblasts and human endothelial cells, which correlates with upregulation of CD31, CD34, SMA, VEGF, b-FGF, and cyclin D1 expression	PubMed
	tat	HIV-1 Tat enhances Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus vIL-6-induced cell proliferation, cellular transformation, vascular tube formation, and VEGF production in tumor cells	PubMed
	tat	HIV-1 Tat inhibits the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to endothelial cells by downregulating the expression of VEGF-induced endothelial markers such as Flt-1, KDR and vWF	PubMed
	tat	The chemokine like region of HIV-1 Tat (amino acids 24-51) induces the release of angiogenic factors, including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), an effect linked to Tat induced angiogenesis	PubMed
Vpu	vpu	HIV-1 Vpu-expressing U937 monocytes coculture with LX2 stellate cells to upregulate expression of profibrogenic markers COL-1, PCT, SMA-1, VEGF, and MMP2, which is inhibited by MIF treatment	PubMed

Go to the HIV-1, Human Interaction Database

Pathways from BioSystems

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AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications, organism-specific biosystemAdvanced glycation end products (AGEs) are a complex group of compounds produced through the non-enzymatic glycation and oxidation of proteins, lipids and nucleic acids, primarily due to aging and un...
AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications, conserved biosystemAdvanced glycation end products (AGEs) are a complex group of compounds produced through the non-enzymatic glycation and oxidation of proteins, lipids and nucleic acids, primarily due to aging and un...
Allograft Rejection, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
Allograft Rejection, organism-specific biosystemThis pathway illustrates molecular interactions involved in the fundamental adaptive immune response for allograft destruction. This pathway was adapted in large part from the KEGG pathway http://www...
Amplification and Expansion of Oncogenic Pathways as Metastatic Traits, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
Amplification and Expansion of Oncogenic Pathways as Metastatic Traits, organism-specific biosystemThis pathway is based on Figure 4 of "Origins of metastatic traits."(See Bibliography).The majority of cancer cells released from tumors die off, so cancer biologists are trying to figure out exactly...
Angiogenesis, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
Angiogenesis, organism-specific biosystemThis pathway is a concise and simplified version of the basic proteins involved in angiogenesis. The proces is regulated by hyopoxia, which results in the transcription of eg. VEGF1, FGF2, PDGFbeta, ...
Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor, organism-specific biosystemThe Aryl Hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is ligand activated transcription factor that regulates wide spectrum of gene expression. The main mediator of AhR is 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) or...
Axon guidance, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Axon guidance, organism-specific biosystemAxon guidance / axon pathfinding is the process by which neurons send out axons to reach the correct targets. Growing axons have a highly motile structure at the growing tip called the growth cone, w...
Bladder Cancer, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
Bladder Cancer, organism-specific biosystemThe urothelium covers the luminal surface of almost the entire urinary tract, extending from the renal pelvis, through the ureter and bladder, to the proximal urethra. The majority of urothelial carc...
Bladder cancer, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
Bladder cancer, organism-specific biosystemThe urothelium covers the luminal surface of almost the entire urinary tract, extending from the renal pelvis, through the ureter and bladder, to the proximal urethra. The majority of urothelial carc...
Bladder cancer, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
Bladder cancer, conserved biosystemThe urothelium covers the luminal surface of almost the entire urinary tract, extending from the renal pelvis, through the ureter and bladder, to the proximal urethra. The majority of urothelial carc...
Cellular response to hypoxia, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Cellular response to hypoxia, organism-specific biosystemOxygen plays a central role in the functioning of human cells: it is both essential for normal metabolism and toxic. To begin the annotation of stress responses in Reactome, we have annotated one asp...
Cellular responses to stress, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Cellular responses to stress, organism-specific biosystemCells are subject to external molecular and physical stresses such as foreign molecules that perturb metabolic or signaling processes, and changes in temperature or pH. The ability of cells and tissu...
Cytokine Signaling in Immune system, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Cytokine Signaling in Immune system, organism-specific biosystemCytokines are small proteins that regulate and mediate immunity, inflammation, and hematopoiesis. They are secreted in response to immune stimuli, and usually act briefly, locally, at very low concen...
Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, organism-specific biosystemCytokines are soluble extracellular proteins or glycoproteins that are crucial intercellular regulators and mobilizers of cells engaged in innate as well as adaptive inflammatory host defenses, cell ...
Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, conserved biosystemCytokines are soluble extracellular proteins or glycoproteins that are crucial intercellular regulators and mobilizers of cells engaged in innate as well as adaptive inflammatory host defenses, cell ...
Developmental Biology, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Developmental Biology, organism-specific biosystemAs a first step towards capturing the array of processes by which a fertilized egg gives rise to the diverse tissues of the body, examples of three kinds of processes have been annotated. These are a...
Differentiation Pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
Differentiation Pathway, organism-specific biosystemThis pathway provides an overview of the directed differentiation molecules used to induce early and derivative cell lineages from human pluripotent stem cells. The initial version of this pathway is...
EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor resistance, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor resistance, organism-specific biosystemEGFR is a tyrosine kinase that participates in the regulation of cellular homeostasis. EGFR also serves as a stimulus for cancer growth. EGFR gene mutations and protein overexpression, both of which ...
EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor resistance, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor resistance, conserved biosystemEGFR is a tyrosine kinase that participates in the regulation of cellular homeostasis. EGFR also serves as a stimulus for cancer growth. EGFR gene mutations and protein overexpression, both of which ...
EPH-Ephrin signaling, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
EPH-Ephrin signaling, organism-specific biosystemDuring the development process cell migration and adhesion are the main forces involved in morphing the cells into critical anatomical structures. The ability of a cell to migrate to its correct dest...
EPHA-mediated growth cone collapse, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
EPHA-mediated growth cone collapse, organism-specific biosystemEPH/Ephrin signaling is coupled to Rho family GTPases such as Rac, Rho and Cdc42 that connect bidirectional receptor-ligand interactions to changes in the actin cytoskeleton (Noren & Pasquale 2004, G...
Endochondral Ossification, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
Endochondral Ossification, organism-specific biosystemEndochondral ossification is the process by which the embryonic cartilaginous model of most bones contributes to longitudinal growth and is gradually replaced by bone. During endochondral ossificatio...
Fluid shear stress and atherosclerosis, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
Fluid shear stress and atherosclerosis, organism-specific biosystemShear stress represents the frictional force that the flow of blood exerts at the endothelial surface of the vessel wall and plays a central role in vascular biology and contributes to the progress o...
Fluid shear stress and atherosclerosis, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
Fluid shear stress and atherosclerosis, conserved biosystemShear stress represents the frictional force that the flow of blood exerts at the endothelial surface of the vessel wall and plays a central role in vascular biology and contributes to the progress o...
Focal Adhesion, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
Focal Adhesion, organism-specific biosystemCell-matrix adhesions play essential roles in important biological processes including cell motility, cell proliferation, cell differentiation, regulation of gene expression and cell survival. At the...
Focal adhesion, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
Focal adhesion, organism-specific biosystemCell-matrix adhesions play essential roles in important biological processes including cell motility, cell proliferation, cell differentiation, regulation of gene expression and cell survival. At the...
Focal adhesion, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
Focal adhesion, conserved biosystemCell-matrix adhesions play essential roles in important biological processes including cell motility, cell proliferation, cell differentiation, regulation of gene expression and cell survival. At the...
Gene Expression, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Gene Expression, organism-specific biosystemGene Expression covers the pathways by which genomic DNA is transcribed to yield RNA, the regulation of these transcription processes, and the pathways by which newly-made RNA Transcripts are process...
Generic Transcription Pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Generic Transcription Pathway, organism-specific biosystemOVERVIEW OF TRANSCRIPTION REGULATION: Detailed studies of gene transcription regulation in a wide variety of eukaryotic systems has revealed the general principles and mechanisms by which cell- or t...
Glypican 1 network, organism-specific biosystem (from Pathway Interaction Database)
Glypican 1 network, organism-specific biosystem
Glypican 1 network
HIF-1 signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
HIF-1 signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystemHypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) is a transcription factor that functions as a master regulator of oxygen homeostasis. It consists of two subunits: an inducibly-expressed HIF-1alpha subunit and a c...
HIF-1-alpha transcription factor network, organism-specific biosystem (from Pathway Interaction Database)
HIF-1-alpha transcription factor network, organism-specific biosystem
HIF-1-alpha transcription factor network
HIF-2-alpha transcription factor network, organism-specific biosystem (from Pathway Interaction Database)
HIF-2-alpha transcription factor network, organism-specific biosystem
HIF-2-alpha transcription factor network
Heart Development, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
Heart Development, organism-specific biosystemThis pathway has been largely adapted from an article by Deepak Srivastava, Cell. 2006 Sep 22;126(6):1037-48. In this pathway are known transcription factors, miRNAs and regulatory proteins that impa...
Hemostasis, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Hemostasis, organism-specific biosystemHemostasis is a physiological response that culminates in the arrest of bleeding from an injured vessel. Under normal conditions the vascular endothelium supports vasodilation, inhibits platelet adhe...
Hepatitis C and Hepatocellular Carcinoma, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
Hepatitis C and Hepatocellular Carcinoma, organism-specific biosystemPathway model based on hub miRNAs and their putative targets from network analysis. - From a set of differentially expressed genes in both chronic HCV (hepatitis C virus) and HCC (hepatocellular carc...
Hypertrophy Model, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
Hypertrophy Model, organism-specific biosystem
Hypertrophy Model
Immune System, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Immune System, organism-specific biosystemHumans are exposed to millions of potential pathogens daily, through contact, ingestion, and inhalation. Our ability to avoid infection depends on the adaptive immune system and during the first crit...
Integrated Breast Cancer Pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
Integrated Breast Cancer Pathway, organism-specific biosystemThis pathway incorporates the most important proteins for Breast Cancer. The Rp score from the Connectivity-Maps (C-Maps) webserver was used to determine the rank of the most important proteins in Br...
Integrated Pancreatic Cancer Pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
Integrated Pancreatic Cancer Pathway, organism-specific biosystemAn integrated pathway model which displays the protein-protein interactions (PPIs) among the relevant proteins for pancreatic cancer. This pathway is a collection of different mechanistic protein pat...
Integrins in angiogenesis, organism-specific biosystem (from Pathway Interaction Database)
Integrins in angiogenesis, organism-specific biosystem
Integrins in angiogenesis
Interleukin-4 and 13 signaling, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Interleukin-4 and 13 signaling, organism-specific biosystemInterleukin-4 (IL4) is a principal regulatory cytokine during the immune response, crucially important in allergy and asthma (Nelms et al. 1999). When resting T cells are antigen-activated and expand...
MicroRNAs in cancer, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
MicroRNAs in cancer, organism-specific biosystemMicroRNA (miRNA) is a cluster of small non-encoding RNA molecules of 21 - 23 nucleotides in length, which controls gene expression post-transcriptionally either via the degradation of target mRNAs or...
MicroRNAs in cancer, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
MicroRNAs in cancer, conserved biosystemMicroRNA (miRNA) is a cluster of small non-encoding RNA molecules of 21 - 23 nucleotides in length, which controls gene expression post-transcriptionally either via the degradation of target mRNAs or...
NOTCH1 regulation of human endothelial cell calcification, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
NOTCH1 regulation of human endothelial cell calcification, organism-specific biosystemModel of NOTCH1 regulation of human endothelial cell calcification.
Oncostatin M Signaling Pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
Oncostatin M Signaling Pathway, organism-specific biosystemOncostatin M (OSM) is a member of the multifunctional cytokine interleukin 6 (IL6) - type cytokine family. It is mainly produced in cell types such as activated T lymphocytes, macrophages, monocytes,...
PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystemThe phosphatidylinositol 3' -kinase(PI3K)-Akt signaling pathway is activated by many types of cellular stimuli or toxic insults and regulates fundamental cellular functions such as transcription, tra...
PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, conserved biosystemThe phosphatidylinositol 3' -kinase(PI3K)-Akt signaling pathway is activated by many types of cellular stimuli or toxic insults and regulates fundamental cellular functions such as transcription, tra...
Pancreatic cancer, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
Pancreatic cancer, organism-specific biosystemInfiltrating ductal adenocarcinoma is the most common malignancy of the pancreas. When most investigators use the term 'pancreatic cancer' they are referring to pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA)...
Pancreatic cancer, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
Pancreatic cancer, conserved biosystemInfiltrating ductal adenocarcinoma is the most common malignancy of the pancreas. When most investigators use the term 'pancreatic cancer' they are referring to pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA)...
Pathways in cancer, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
Pathways in cancer, organism-specific biosystem
Pathways in cancer
Photodynamic therapy-induced HIF-1 survival signaling, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
Photodynamic therapy-induced HIF-1 survival signaling, organism-specific biosystemPhotodynamic therapy may induce a hypoxic survival response mediated by HIF-1.
Photodynamic therapy-induced NF-kB survival signaling, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
Photodynamic therapy-induced NF-kB survival signaling, organism-specific biosystemPhotodynamic therapy may induce a pro-inflammatory and angiogenic response mediated by NF-?B.
Platelet activation, signaling and aggregation, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Platelet activation, signaling and aggregation, organism-specific biosystemPlatelet activation begins with the initial binding of adhesive ligands and of the excitatory platelet agonists (released or generated at the sites of vascular trauma) to cognate receptors on the pla...
Platelet degranulation, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Platelet degranulation, organism-specific biosystemPlatelets function as exocytotic cells, secreting a plethora of effector molecules at sites of vascular injury. Platelets contain a number of distinguishable storage granules including alpha granules...
Proteoglycans in cancer, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
Proteoglycans in cancer, organism-specific biosystemMany proteoglycans (PGs) in the tumor microenvironment have been shown to be key macromolecules that contribute to biology of various types of cancer including proliferation, adhesion, angiogenesis a...
Proteoglycans in cancer, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
Proteoglycans in cancer, conserved biosystemMany proteoglycans (PGs) in the tumor microenvironment have been shown to be key macromolecules that contribute to biology of various types of cancer including proliferation, adhesion, angiogenesis a...
Quercetin and Nf-kB/ AP-1 Induced Cell Apoptosis, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
Quercetin and Nf-kB/ AP-1 Induced Cell Apoptosis, organism-specific biosystem
Quercetin and Nf-kB/ AP-1 Induced Cell Apoptosis
Rap1 signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
Rap1 signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystemRap1 is a small GTPase that controls diverse processes, such as cell adhesion, cell-cell junction formation and cell polarity. Like all G proteins, Rap1 cycles between an inactive GDP-bound and an ac...
Rap1 signaling pathway, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
Rap1 signaling pathway, conserved biosystemRap1 is a small GTPase that controls diverse processes, such as cell adhesion, cell-cell junction formation and cell polarity. Like all G proteins, Rap1 cycles between an inactive GDP-bound and an ac...
Ras signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
Ras signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystemThe Ras proteins are GTPases that function as molecular switches for signaling pathways regulating cell proliferation, survival, growth, migration, differentiation or cytoskeletal dynamism. Ras prote...
Regulation of Hypoxia-inducible Factor (HIF) by oxygen, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Regulation of Hypoxia-inducible Factor (HIF) by oxygen, organism-specific biosystemIn the presence of oxygen members of the transcription factor family HIF-alpha, comprising HIF1A, HIF2A (EPAS1), and HIF3A, are hydroxylated on proline residues by PHD1 (EGLN2), PHD2 (EGLN1), and PHD...
Regulation of gene expression by Hypoxia-inducible Factor, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Regulation of gene expression by Hypoxia-inducible Factor, organism-specific biosystemHIF-alpha (HIF1A, HIF2A (EPAS1), HIF3A) is translocated to the nucleus, possibly by two pathways: importin 4/7 (Chachami et al. 2009) and importin alpha/beta (Depping et al. 2008). Once in the nucleu...
Renal cell carcinoma, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
Renal cell carcinoma, organism-specific biosystemRenal cell cancer (RCC) accounts for ~3% of human malignancies and its incidence appears to be rising. Although most cases of RCC seem to occur sporadically, an inherited predisposition to renal canc...
Renal cell carcinoma, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
Renal cell carcinoma, conserved biosystemRenal cell cancer (RCC) accounts for ~3% of human malignancies and its incidence appears to be rising. Although most cases of RCC seem to occur sporadically, an inherited predisposition to renal canc...
Response to elevated platelet cytosolic Ca2+, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Response to elevated platelet cytosolic Ca2+, organism-specific biosystemActivation of phospholipase C enzymes results in the generation of second messengers of the phosphatidylinositol pathway. The events resulting from this pathway are a rise in intracellular calcium an...
Rheumatoid arthritis, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
Rheumatoid arthritis, organism-specific biosystemRheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune joint disease where persistent inflammation affects bone remodeling leading to progressive bone destruction. In RA, abnormal activation of the immune...
Rheumatoid arthritis, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
Rheumatoid arthritis, conserved biosystemRheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune joint disease where persistent inflammation affects bone remodeling leading to progressive bone destruction. In RA, abnormal activation of the immune...
S1P1 pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from Pathway Interaction Database)
S1P1 pathway, organism-specific biosystem
S1P1 pathway
S1P3 pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from Pathway Interaction Database)
S1P3 pathway, organism-specific biosystem
S1P3 pathway
Signal Transduction, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Signal Transduction, organism-specific biosystemSignal transduction is a process in which extracellular signals elicit changes in cell state and activity. Transmembrane receptors sense changes in the cellular environment by binding ligands, such a...
Signaling by Interleukins, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Signaling by Interleukins, organism-specific biosystemInterleukins are low molecular weight proteins that bind to cell surface receptors and act in an autocrine and/or paracrine fashion. They were first identified as factors produced by leukocytes but a...
Signaling by VEGF, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Signaling by VEGF, organism-specific biosystemIn normal development vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs) are crucial regulators of vascular development during embryogenesis (vasculogenesis) and blood-vessel formation in the adult (angioge...
Signaling events mediated by TCPTP, organism-specific biosystem (from Pathway Interaction Database)
Signaling events mediated by TCPTP, organism-specific biosystem
Signaling events mediated by TCPTP
Signaling events mediated by VEGFR1 and VEGFR2, organism-specific biosystem (from Pathway Interaction Database)
Signaling events mediated by VEGFR1 and VEGFR2, organism-specific biosystem
Signaling events mediated by VEGFR1 and VEGFR2
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) Susceptibility Pathways, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) Susceptibility Pathways, organism-specific biosystemIn this model, we provide an integrated view of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) at the level of implicated tissues, signaling networks and genetics. The purpose of this model is to serve as an ov...
TFAP2 (AP-2) family regulates transcription of growth factors and their receptors, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
TFAP2 (AP-2) family regulates transcription of growth factors and their receptors, organism-specific biosystemTFAP2A and TFAP2C directly stimulate transcription of the estrogen receptor ESR1 gene (McPherson and Weigel 1999). TFAP2A expression correlates with ESR1 expression in breast cancer, and TFAP2C is fr...
Transcriptional regulation by the AP-2 (TFAP2) family of transcription factors, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Transcriptional regulation by the AP-2 (TFAP2) family of transcription factors, organism-specific biosystemThe AP-2 (TFAP2) family of transcription factors includes five proteins in mammals: TFAP2A (AP-2 alpha), TFAP2B (AP-2 beta), TFAP2C (AP-2 gamma), TFAP2D (AP-2 delta) and TFAP2E (AP-2 epsilon). The AP...
VEGF binds to VEGFR leading to receptor dimerization, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
VEGF binds to VEGFR leading to receptor dimerization, organism-specific biosystemThe binding of VEGF ligands to VEGFR receptors in the cell membrane induces dimerization and activation of the latter, initiating intracellular signaling cascades that result in proliferation, surviv...
VEGF ligand-receptor interactions, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
VEGF ligand-receptor interactions, organism-specific biosystemThe VEGF family is encoded by seven genes (VEGF-A, B, C, D, E: PLGF (Placenta Growth Factor)-1, 2). Six isoforms of VEGF-A protein, containing 121, 145, 165, 183, 189, and 206 amino acid residues, an...
VEGF signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
VEGF signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystemThere is now much evidence that VEGFR-2 is the major mediator of VEGF-driven responses in endothelial cells and it is considered to be a crucial signal transducer in both physiologic and pathologic a...
VEGF signaling pathway, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
VEGF signaling pathway, conserved biosystemThere is now much evidence that VEGFR-2 is the major mediator of VEGF-driven responses in endothelial cells and it is considered to be a crucial signal transducer in both physiologic and pathologic a...
VEGFA-VEGFR2 Pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
VEGFA-VEGFR2 Pathway, organism-specific biosystemAngiogenesis is the formation of new blood vessels from preexisting vasculature. One of the most important proangiogenic factors is vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). VEGF exerts its biologic...
VEGFR1 specific signals, organism-specific biosystem (from Pathway Interaction Database)
VEGFR1 specific signals, organism-specific biosystem
VEGFR1 specific signals
VEGFR2 mediated cell proliferation, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
VEGFR2 mediated cell proliferation, organism-specific biosystemVEGFR2 stimulates ERK not via GRB2-SOS-RAS, but via pY1175-dependent phosphorylation of PLC gamma and subsequent activation of PKCs. PKC plays an important mediatory role in the proliferative Ras/Raf...
miR-148a/miR-31/FIH1/HIF1α-Notch signaling in glioblastoma, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
miR-148a/miR-31/FIH1/HIF1α-Notch signaling in glioblastoma, organism-specific biosystemmiR-148a and miR-31 target the factor inhibiting hypoxia (FIH1) to promote downstream HIF1? and Notch signaling

Interactions

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Products	Interactant	Other Gene	Complex	Source	Pubs	Description

General gene information

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Markers

Vegfa (e-PCR), detects polymorphism
- UniSTS:471318

RH46691 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:68409

RH16204 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:45656

STS-M32977 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:34914

VEGF_1127 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:277860

VEGF_V308 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:277860

SHGC-32834 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:41068

Vegf (e-PCR), detects polymorphism
- UniSTS:144751

SHGC-142757 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:171637

GDB:580706 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:157849

PMC25276P1 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:272284

PMC25276P2 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:272285

D6S2083 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:9645

ha2182 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:515503

D2Wox60 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:240057

SHGC-78839 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:95700

Homology

Homologs of the VEGFA gene: The VEGFA gene is conserved in dog, cow, mouse, rat, chicken, and zebrafish.
Orthologs from Annotation Pipeline: 246 organisms have orthologs with human gene VEGFA
Orthologs

Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

Function	Evidence Code	Pubs
chemoattractant activity	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info	PubMed
chemoattractant activity	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
cytokine activity	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
cytokine activity	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
extracellular matrix binding	IC Inferred by Curator more info	PubMed
fibronectin binding	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
growth factor activity	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info	PubMed
growth factor activity	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
growth factor activity	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
heparin binding	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
heparin binding	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
identical protein binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed
platelet-derived growth factor receptor binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed
protein binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed
protein heterodimerization activity	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
protein homodimerization activity	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
receptor ligand activity	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed
vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 binding	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info	PubMed
vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed
vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 binding	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info	PubMed
vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed
vascular endothelial growth factor receptor binding	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info	PubMed
vascular endothelial growth factor receptor binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed

Process	Evidence Code	Pubs
VEGF-activated neuropilin signaling pathway	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
activation of protein kinase activity	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
angiogenesis	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info	PubMed
angiogenesis	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
artery morphogenesis	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
branching involved in blood vessel morphogenesis	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
branching morphogenesis of an epithelial tube	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
camera-type eye morphogenesis	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
cardiac muscle fiber development	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
cardiac vascular smooth muscle cell development	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
cell maturation	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
cell migration involved in sprouting angiogenesis	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
cellular response to hypoxia	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
cellular response to vascular endothelial growth factor stimulus	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
cellular stress response to acid chemical	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
commissural neuron axon guidance	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
coronary artery morphogenesis	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
coronary vein morphogenesis	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
cytokine-mediated signaling pathway	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info
dopaminergic neuron differentiation	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
endothelial cell chemotaxis	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
epithelial cell differentiation	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
eye photoreceptor cell development	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
heart morphogenesis	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
in utero embryonic development	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
induction of positive chemotaxis	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info	PubMed
induction of positive chemotaxis	NAS Non-traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
kidney development	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
lactation	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
lung development	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
lymph vessel morphogenesis	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
macrophage differentiation	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
mammary gland alveolus development	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
mesoderm development	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
monocyte differentiation	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
motor neuron migration	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
negative regulation of apoptotic process	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
negative regulation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic process	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
negative regulation of gene expression	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
nervous system development	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
outflow tract morphogenesis	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
ovarian follicle development	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
platelet degranulation	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info
positive chemotaxis	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
positive regulation of CREB transcription factor activity	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
positive regulation of MAP kinase activity	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
positive regulation of angiogenesis	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info	PubMed
positive regulation of angiogenesis	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
positive regulation of angiogenesis	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
positive regulation of axon extension involved in axon guidance	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
positive regulation of blood vessel endothelial cell migration	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
positive regulation of blood vessel endothelial cell proliferation involved in sprouting angiogenesis	IGI Inferred from Genetic Interaction more info	PubMed
positive regulation of branching involved in ureteric bud morphogenesis	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
positive regulation of cell adhesion	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
positive regulation of cell division	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
positive regulation of cell migration	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
positive regulation of cell migration involved in sprouting angiogenesis	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
positive regulation of cell migration involved in sprouting angiogenesis	IGI Inferred from Genetic Interaction more info	PubMed
positive regulation of cell migration involved in sprouting angiogenesis	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
positive regulation of cell proliferation	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
positive regulation of cell proliferation	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
positive regulation of cell proliferation by VEGF-activated platelet derived growth factor receptor signaling pathway	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
positive regulation of cellular component movement	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
positive regulation of cold-induced thermogenesis	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info	PubMed
positive regulation of endothelial cell chemotaxis by VEGF-activated vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signaling pathway	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
positive regulation of endothelial cell migration	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
positive regulation of endothelial cell proliferation	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info	PubMed
positive regulation of endothelial cell proliferation	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
positive regulation of endothelial cell proliferation	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
positive regulation of epithelial cell proliferation	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
positive regulation of focal adhesion assembly	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
positive regulation of gene expression	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
positive regulation of histone deacetylase activity	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
positive regulation of leukocyte migration	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
positive regulation of mast cell chemotaxis	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info	PubMed
positive regulation of mesenchymal cell proliferation	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
positive regulation of neuroblast proliferation	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
positive regulation of p38MAPK cascade	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
positive regulation of peptidyl-serine phosphorylation	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
positive regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine autophosphorylation	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
positive regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
positive regulation of positive chemotaxis	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
positive regulation of protein autophosphorylation	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
positive regulation of protein complex assembly	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
positive regulation of protein kinase C signaling	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
positive regulation of protein kinase D signaling	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
positive regulation of protein phosphorylation	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info	PubMed
positive regulation of protein phosphorylation	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
positive regulation of receptor internalization	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
positive regulation of retinal ganglion cell axon guidance	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
positive regulation of sprouting angiogenesis	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
positive regulation of sprouting angiogenesis	IGI Inferred from Genetic Interaction more info	PubMed
positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to hypoxia	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
NOT positive regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT protein	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
positive regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signaling pathway	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
post-embryonic camera-type eye development	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
primitive erythrocyte differentiation	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
regulation of cell shape	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
regulation of nitric oxide mediated signal transduction	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
regulation of retinal ganglion cell axon guidance	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
regulation of signaling receptor activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info
regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to hypoxia	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info
response to hypoxia	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info	PubMed
response to hypoxia	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
sprouting angiogenesis	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info	PubMed
surfactant homeostasis	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
tube formation	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signaling pathway	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info	PubMed
vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signaling pathway	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signaling pathway	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info
vascular endothelial growth factor signaling pathway	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info	PubMed
vasculogenesis	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed

Component	Evidence Code	Pubs
cell surface	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
cytoplasm	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
extracellular matrix	NAS Non-traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
extracellular region	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info
extracellular space	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info	PubMed
extracellular space	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
extracellular space	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
membrane	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
platelet alpha granule lumen	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info
secretory granule	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed

General protein information

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Preferred Names: vascular endothelial growth factor A

Names: vascular endothelial growth factor A121; vascular endothelial growth factor A165; vascular permeability factor

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

Genomic

NG_008732.1 RefSeqGene

Range

4994..21272

Download

GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

NM_001025366.2 → NP_001020537.2 vascular endothelial growth factor A isoform a

Status: REVIEWED

Description

Transcript Variant: This variant (1) represents the longest transcript. This variant can initiate translation from four non-AUG (CUG) sites, and also from a downstream, in-frame AUG. The isoform (a) represented in this RefSeq is derived from the 5'-most CUG start codon. This is the longest isoform.

Source sequence(s)

AF024710, BF700556, BM661679, BU153227, CN256173, DA237741, S85192

Consensus CDS

CCDS34457.1

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

P15692

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

A0A087WUD8

Related

ENSP00000361125.4, ENST00000372055.8

Conserved Domains (2) summary

smart00141
Location:230 → 312

PDGF; Platelet-derived and vascular endothelial growth factors (PDGF, VEGF) family

pfam14554
Location:364 → 412

VEGF_C; VEGF heparin-binding domain
NM_001025367.2 → NP_001020538.2 vascular endothelial growth factor A isoform c

Status: REVIEWED

Description

Transcript Variant: This variant (3) uses an alternate in-frame splice site in the 3' coding region, compared to variant 1. This variant can initiate translation from four non-AUG (CUG) sites, and also from a downstream, in-frame AUG. The isoform (c) represented in this RefSeq is derived from the 5'-most CUG start codon, and is shorter than isoform a.

Source sequence(s)

AF024710, AJ010438, BF700556, BM661679, BU153227, CN256173, DA237741

Consensus CDS

CCDS47433.1

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

P15692

Related

ENSP00000389864.3, ENST00000413642.7

Conserved Domains (2) summary

smart00141
Location:230 → 312

PDGF; Platelet-derived and vascular endothelial growth factors (PDGF, VEGF) family

pfam14554
Location:341 → 389

VEGF_C; VEGF heparin-binding domain
NM_001025368.2 → NP_001020539.2 vascular endothelial growth factor A isoform d

Status: REVIEWED

Description

Transcript Variant: This variant (4) lacks an alternate in-frame exon in the 3' coding region, compared to variant 1. This variant can initiate translation from four non-AUG (CUG) sites, and also from a downstream, in-frame AUG. The isoform (d) represented in this RefSeq is derived from the 5'-most CUG start codon, and is shorter than isoform a.

Source sequence(s)

AB021221, AF024710, BF700556, BM661679, BU153227, CN256173, DA237741

Consensus CDS

CCDS34458.1

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

P15692

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

A0A087X0B2

Related

ENSP00000361137.3, ENST00000372067.7

Conserved Domains (2) summary

smart00141
Location:230 → 312

PDGF; Platelet-derived and vascular endothelial growth factors (PDGF, VEGF) family

pfam14554
Location:318 → 371

VEGF_C; VEGF heparin-binding domain
NM_001025369.2 → NP_001020540.2 vascular endothelial growth factor A isoform e

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001020540.2

Status: REVIEWED

Description

Transcript Variant: This variant (5) lacks an alternate in-frame exon, and uses an alternate splice site that causes a frameshift in the 3' coding region, compared to variant 1. This variant can initiate translation from four non-AUG (CUG) sites, and also from a downstream, in-frame AUG. The isoform (e) represented in this RefSeq is derived from the 5'-most CUG start codon, and has a distinct C-terminus and is shorter than isoform a.

Source sequence(s)

AF024710, AF091352, BF700556, BM661679, BU153227, CN256173, DA237741

Consensus CDS

CCDS47435.1

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

P15692

Related

ENSP00000388663.2, ENST00000417285.6

Conserved Domains (2) summary

smart00141
Location:230 → 312

PDGF; Platelet-derived and vascular endothelial growth factors (PDGF, VEGF) family

pfam14554
Location:318 → 353

VEGF_C; VEGF heparin-binding domain
NM_001025370.2 → NP_001020541.2 vascular endothelial growth factor A isoform f

Status: REVIEWED

Description

Transcript Variant: This variant (6) lacks two alternate in-frame exons in the 3' coding region, compared to variant 1. This variant can initiate translation from four non-AUG (CUG) sites, and also from a downstream, in-frame AUG. The isoform (f) represented in this RefSeq is derived from the 5'-most CUG start codon, and is shorter than isoform a.

Source sequence(s)

AF024710, AF214570, BF700556, BM661679, BU153227, CN256173, DA237741

Consensus CDS

CCDS47434.1

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

P15692

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

A0A087WTP4

Related

ENSP00000361134.4, ENST00000372064.8

Conserved Domains (1) summary

smart00141
Location:230 → 312

PDGF; Platelet-derived and vascular endothelial growth factors (PDGF, VEGF) family
NM_001033756.2 → NP_001028928.1 vascular endothelial growth factor A isoform g

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001028928.1

Status: REVIEWED

Description

Transcript Variant: This variant (7) lacks an alternate in-frame exon and uses an alternate splice site that causes a frameshift in the 3' coding region, compared to variant 1. This variant can initiate translation from four non-AUG (CUG) sites, and also from a downstream, in-frame AUG. The isoform (g) represented in this RefSeq is derived from the 5'-most CUG start codon, and has a distinct C-terminus and is shorter than isoform a.

Source sequence(s)

AF024710, AF430806, BF700556, BM661679, BU153227, CN256173, DA237741

Consensus CDS

CCDS47432.1

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

P15692

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

A0A087X1L1

Related

ENSP00000421561.1, ENST00000482630.6

Conserved Domains (2) summary

smart00141
Location:230 → 312

PDGF; Platelet-derived and vascular endothelial growth factors (PDGF, VEGF) family

pfam14554
Location:318 → 365

VEGF_C; VEGF heparin-binding domain
NM_001171622.1 → NP_001165093.1 vascular endothelial growth factor A isoform h

Status: REVIEWED

Description

Transcript Variant: This variant (8) lacks three alternate in-frame exons in the 3' coding region, compared to variant 1. This variant can initiate translation from four non-AUG (CUG) sites, and also from a downstream, in-frame AUG. The isoform (h) represented in this RefSeq is derived from the 5'-most CUG start codon, and is shorter than isoform a.

Source sequence(s)

AF024710, BF700556, BM661679, BU153227, CN256173, DA237741, DQ229900

Consensus CDS

CCDS55007.1

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

P15692

Related

ENSP00000317598.6, ENST00000324450.10

Conserved Domains (1) summary

smart00141
Location:230 → 311

PDGF; Platelet-derived and vascular endothelial growth factors (PDGF, VEGF) family
NM_001171623.1 → NP_001165094.1 vascular endothelial growth factor A isoform i precursor

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001165094.1

Status: REVIEWED

Description

Transcript Variant: This variant (1) represents the longest transcript. This variant can initiate translation from four non-AUG (CUG) sites, and also from a downstream, in-frame AUG. The isoform (i, also referred to as VEGF206) represented in this RefSeq is derived from the AUG start codon, and is shorter at the N-terminus, compared to isoform a.

Source sequence(s)

AF024710, BF700556, BM661679, BU153227, CN256173, DA237741, S85192

Consensus CDS

CCDS55010.1

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

P15692

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

A0A024RD33

Related

ENSP00000430479.1, ENST00000523873.5

Conserved Domains (2) summary

smart00141
Location:50 → 132

PDGF; Platelet-derived and vascular endothelial growth factors (PDGF, VEGF) family

pfam14554
Location:184 → 232

VEGF_C; VEGF heparin-binding domain
NM_001171624.1 → NP_001165095.1 vascular endothelial growth factor A isoform j precursor

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001165095.1

Status: REVIEWED

Description

Transcript Variant: This variant (2) uses an alternate in-frame splice site in the 3' coding region, compared to variant 1. This variant can initiate translation from four non-AUG (CUG) sites, and also from a downstream, in-frame AUG. The isoform (j, also referred to as VEGF189) represented in this RefSeq is derived from the AUG start codon, and is shorter than isoform a.

Source sequence(s)

AF024710, BF700556, BM661679, BU153227, CN256173, DA237741, M27281

Consensus CDS

CCDS55009.1

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

P15692

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

A0A024RD37

Related

ENSP00000428321.1, ENST00000520948.5

Conserved Domains (2) summary

smart00141
Location:50 → 132

PDGF; Platelet-derived and vascular endothelial growth factors (PDGF, VEGF) family

pfam14554
Location:167 → 215

VEGF_C; VEGF heparin-binding domain
NM_001171625.1 → NP_001165096.1 vascular endothelial growth factor A isoform k precursor

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001165096.1

Status: REVIEWED

Description

Transcript Variant: This variant (3) uses an alternate in-frame splice site in the 3' coding region, compared to variant 1. This variant can initiate translation from four non-AUG (CUG) sites, and also from a downstream, in-frame AUG. The isoform (k, also referred to as VEGF183) represented in this RefSeq is derived from the AUG start codon, and is shorter than isoform a.

Source sequence(s)

AF024710, AJ010438, BF700556, BM661679, BU153227, CN256173, DA237741

Consensus CDS

CCDS55008.1

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

P15692

Related

ENSP00000430829.1, ENST00000518689.5

Conserved Domains (2) summary

smart00141
Location:50 → 132

PDGF; Platelet-derived and vascular endothelial growth factors (PDGF, VEGF) family

pfam14554
Location:161 → 209

VEGF_C; VEGF heparin-binding domain
NM_001171626.1 → NP_001165097.1 vascular endothelial growth factor A isoform VEGF-A precursor

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001165097.1

Status: REVIEWED

Description

Transcript Variant: This variant (4) lacks an alternate in-frame exon in the 3' coding region compared to variant 1. It can initiate translation from four non-AUG (CUG) sites, and also from an in-frame downstream AUG. This RefSeq represents isoform VEGF-A (also referred to as VEGF165 or VEGF-A165), which is derived from the AUG start codon, and is shorter than isoform a. This variant also encodes a C-terminally extended isoform (VEGF-Ax) that results from the use of an alternative in-frame, downstream translation termination codon (UGA). Isoform VEGF-Ax is represented in NM_001317010.1.

Source sequence(s)

AB021221, AF024710, BF700556, BM661679, BU153227, CN256173, DA237741

Consensus CDS

CCDS55012.1

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

P15692

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

A0A0Y0IMM4

Related

ENSP00000429643.1, ENST00000523950.5

Conserved Domains (2) summary

smart00141
Location:50 → 132

PDGF; Platelet-derived and vascular endothelial growth factors (PDGF, VEGF) family

pfam14554
Location:143 → 191

VEGF_C; VEGF heparin-binding domain
NM_001171627.1 → NP_001165098.1 vascular endothelial growth factor A isoform m precursor

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001165098.1

Status: REVIEWED

Description

Transcript Variant: This variant (5) lacks an alternate in-frame exon, and uses an alternate splice site that causes a frameshift in the 3' coding region, compared to variant 1. This variant can initiate translation from four non-AUG (CUG) sites, and also from a downstream, in-frame AUG. The isoform (m, also referred to as VEGF148) represented in this RefSeq is derived from the AUG start codon, and has a distinct C-terminus and is shorter than isoform a.

Source sequence(s)

AF024710, AF091352, BF700556, BM661679, BU153227, CN256173, DA237741

Consensus CDS

CCDS55011.1

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

P15692

Related

ENSP00000429008.1, ENST00000523125.5

Conserved Domains (2) summary

smart00141
Location:50 → 132

PDGF; Platelet-derived and vascular endothelial growth factors (PDGF, VEGF) family

pfam14554
Location:143 → 173

VEGF_C; VEGF heparin-binding domain
NM_001171628.1 → NP_001165099.1 vascular endothelial growth factor A isoform n precursor

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001165099.1

Status: REVIEWED

Description

Transcript Variant: This variant (6) lacks two alternate in-frame exons in the 3' coding region, compared to variant 1. This variant can initiate translation from four non-AUG (CUG) sites, and also from a downstream, in-frame AUG. The isoform (n, also referred to as VEGF121) represented in this RefSeq is derived from the AUG start codon, and is shorter than isoform a.

Source sequence(s)

AF024710, AF214570, BF700556, BM661679, BU153227, CN256173, DA237741

Consensus CDS

CCDS55014.1

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

P15692

Related

ENSP00000361148.4, ENST00000372077.8

Conserved Domains (1) summary

smart00141
Location:50 → 132

PDGF; Platelet-derived and vascular endothelial growth factors (PDGF, VEGF) family
NM_001171629.1 → NP_001165100.1 vascular endothelial growth factor A isoform o precursor

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001165100.1

Status: REVIEWED

Description

Transcript Variant: This variant (7) lacks an alternate in-frame exon and uses an alternate splice site that causes a frameshift in the 3' coding region, compared to variant 1. This variant can initiate translation from four non-AUG (CUG) sites, and also from a downstream, in-frame AUG. The isoform (o, also referred to as VEGF165b) represented in this RefSeq is derived from the AUG start codon, and has a distinct C-terminus and is shorter than isoform a.

Source sequence(s)

AF024710, AF430806, BF700556, BM661679, BU153227, CN256173, DA237741

Consensus CDS

CCDS55013.1

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

P15692

Related

ENSP00000430002.1, ENST00000518824.5

Conserved Domains (2) summary

smart00141
Location:50 → 132

PDGF; Platelet-derived and vascular endothelial growth factors (PDGF, VEGF) family

pfam14554
Location:143 → 185

VEGF_C; VEGF heparin-binding domain
NM_001171630.1 → NP_001165101.1 vascular endothelial growth factor A isoform p precursor

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001165101.1

Status: REVIEWED

Description

Transcript Variant: This variant (8) lacks three alternate in-frame exons in the 3' coding region, compared to variant 1. This variant can initiate translation from four non-AUG (CUG) sites, and also from a downstream, in-frame AUG. The isoform (p, also referred to as VEGF111) represented in this RefSeq is derived from the AUG start codon, and is shorter than isoform a.

Source sequence(s)

AF024710, BF700556, BM661679, BU153227, CN256173, DA237741, DQ229900

Consensus CDS

CCDS55015.1

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

P15692

Related

ENSP00000409911.2, ENST00000457104.6

Conserved Domains (1) summary

smart00141
Location:50 → 131

PDGF; Platelet-derived and vascular endothelial growth factors (PDGF, VEGF) family
NM_001204384.1 → NP_001191313.1 vascular endothelial growth factor A isoform q precursor

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001191313.1

Status: REVIEWED

Description

Transcript Variant: This variant (9) uses an alternate in-frame splice site in the 3' coding region and lacks an alternate in-frame exon compared to variant 1. This variant can initiate translation from four non-AUG (CUG) sites, and also from a downstream, in-frame AUG. The isoform (q, also referred to as VEGF145) represented in this RefSeq is derived from the AUG start codon, and is shorter than isoform a.

Source sequence(s)

AL136131, BC065522, M27281

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

P15692

Conserved Domains (1) summary

smart00141
Location:50 → 132

PDGF; Platelet-derived and vascular endothelial growth factors (PDGF, VEGF) family
NM_001204385.1 → NP_001191314.1 vascular endothelial growth factor A isoform r

Status: REVIEWED

Description

Transcript Variant: This variant (9) uses an alternate in-frame splice site in the 3' coding region and lacks an alternate in-frame exon compared to variant 1. This variant can initiate translation from four non-AUG (CUG) sites, and also from a downstream, in-frame AUG. The isoform represented in this RefSeq (isoform r) is derived from the 5'-most CUG start codon, and is shorter than isoform a.

Source sequence(s)

AL136131, BC065522, M27281

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

P15692

Related

ENSP00000430594.1, ENST00000519767.5

Conserved Domains (1) summary

smart00141
Location:230 → 312

PDGF; Platelet-derived and vascular endothelial growth factors (PDGF, VEGF) family
NM_001287044.1 → NP_001273973.1 vascular endothelial growth factor A isoform s

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001273973.1

Status: REVIEWED

Description

Transcript Variant: This variant (10) has an alternate 5' exon, which results in translation initiation at a downstream AUG start codon, and lacks an in-frame exon in the coding region, compared to variant 1. The resulting isoform (s) has a shorter N-terminus and lacks an internal segment, compared to isoform a.

Source sequence(s)

BC058855, BC065522, BX442364, HY066915

Consensus CDS

CCDS69125.1

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

P15692

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

A2A2V4

Related

ENSP00000230480.6, ENST00000230480.10

Conserved Domains (2) summary

smart00141
Location:22 → 104

PDGF; Platelet-derived and vascular endothelial growth factors (PDGF, VEGF) family

pfam14554
Location:115 → 163

VEGF_C; VEGF heparin-binding domain
NM_001317010.1 → NP_001303939.1 vascular endothelial growth factor A isoform VEGF-Ax precursor

Status: REVIEWED

Description

Transcript Variant: This variant (4) is identical to NM_001171626.1; however, it uses an alternative in-frame, downstream translation termination codon (UGA), which results in a longer, C-terminally extended isoform (VEGF-Ax) compared to isoform VEGF-A (also referred to as VEGF165 or VEGF-A165). Unlike isoform VEGF-A, which is proangiogenic, VEGF-Ax exhibits antiangiogenic activity. As the upstream UGA stop codon has been shown to be recoded as serine (PMID:24949972), its location in the VEGF-Ax isoform (aa 192) is denoted by an 'S'.

Source sequence(s)

AB021221, AF024710, BF700556, BM661679, BU153227, CN256173, DA237741

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

P15692

Conserved Domains (2) summary

smart00141
Location:50 → 132

PDGF; Platelet-derived and vascular endothelial growth factors (PDGF, VEGF) family

pfam14554
Location:140 → 191

VEGF_C; VEGF heparin-binding domain
NM_003376.5 → NP_003367.4 vascular endothelial growth factor A isoform b

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_003367.4

Status: REVIEWED

Description

Transcript Variant: This variant (2) uses an alternate in-frame splice site in the 3' coding region, compared to variant 1. This variant can initiate translation from four non-AUG (CUG) sites, and also from a downstream, in-frame AUG. The isoform represented in this RefSeq (isoform b) is derived from the 5'-most CUG start codon, and is shorter than isoform a.

Source sequence(s)

AF024710, BF700556, BM661679, BU153227, CN256173, DA237741, M27281

Consensus CDS

CCDS4907.2

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

P15692

Related

ENSP00000388465.2, ENST00000425836.6

Conserved Domains (2) summary

smart00141
Location:230 → 312

PDGF; Platelet-derived and vascular endothelial growth factors (PDGF, VEGF) family

pfam14554
Location:347 → 395

VEGF_C; VEGF heparin-binding domain