VEGFA vascular endothelial growth factor A [Homo sapiens (human)] - Gene

Summary

Official Symbol: VEGFAprovided by HGNC
Official Full Name: vascular endothelial growth factor Aprovided by HGNC
Primary source: HGNC:HGNC:12680
See related: Ensembl:ENSG00000112715 MIM:192240
Gene type: protein coding
RefSeq status: REVIEWED
Organism: Homo sapiens
Lineage: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
Also known as: VPF; VEGF; MVCD1
Summary: This gene is a member of the PDGF/VEGF growth factor family. It encodes a heparin-binding protein, which exists as a disulfide-linked homodimer. This growth factor induces proliferation and migration of vascular endothelial cells, and is essential for both physiological and pathological angiogenesis. Disruption of this gene in mice resulted in abnormal embryonic blood vessel formation. This gene is upregulated in many known tumors and its expression is correlated with tumor stage and progression. Elevated levels of this protein are found in patients with POEMS syndrome, also known as Crow-Fukase syndrome. Allelic variants of this gene have been associated with microvascular complications of diabetes 1 (MVCD1) and atherosclerosis. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described. There is also evidence for alternative translation initiation from upstream non-AUG (CUG) codons resulting in additional isoforms. A recent study showed that a C-terminally extended isoform is produced by use of an alternative in-frame translation termination codon via a stop codon readthrough mechanism, and that this isoform is antiangiogenic. Expression of some isoforms derived from the AUG start codon is regulated by a small upstream open reading frame, which is located within an internal ribosome entry site. The levels of VEGF are increased during infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), thus promoting inflammation by facilitating recruitment of inflammatory cells, and by increasing the level of angiopoietin II (Ang II), one of two products of the SARS-CoV-2 binding target, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). In turn, Ang II facilitates the elevation of VEGF, thus forming a vicious cycle in the release of inflammatory cytokines. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2020]
Annotation information: Note: This gene has been reviewed for its involvement in coronavirus biology, and is involved in cytokine storm inflammatory response.
Expression: Broad expression in thyroid (RPKM 146.9), prostate (RPKM 69.5) and 21 other tissues See more
Orthologs: mouse all
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Genomic context

Location:: 6p21.1

Exon count:: 9

Annotation release	Status	Assembly	Chr	Location
109.20201120	current	GRCh38.p13 (GCF_000001405.39)	6	NC_000006.12 (43770209..43786487)
105	previous assembly	GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25)	6	NC_000006.11 (43737946..43754224)

Chromosome 6 - NC_000006.12 Genomic Context describing neighboring genes

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Genomic Sequence:

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Expression

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See details

Project title: HPA RNA-seq normal tissues
Description: RNA-seq was performed of tissue samples from 95 human individuals representing 27 different tissues in order to determine tissue-specificity of all protein-coding genes
BioProject: PRJEB4337
Publication: PMID 24309898
Analysis date: Wed Apr 4 07:08:55 2018

Bibliography

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GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

Amniotic Membrane Enhance the Effect of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor on the Angiogenic Marker Expression of Stem Cells from Human Exfoliated Deciduous Teeth.
Title: Amniotic Membrane Enhance the Effect of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor on the Angiogenic Marker Expression of Stem Cells from Human Exfoliated Deciduous Teeth.
Centromere protein U (CENPU) enhances angiogenesis in triple-negative breast cancer by inhibiting ubiquitin-proteasomal degradation of COX-2.
Title: Centromere protein U (CENPU) enhances angiogenesis in triple-negative breast cancer by inhibiting ubiquitin-proteasomal degradation of COX-2.
Multifaceted Function of MicroRNA-299-3p Fosters an Antitumor Environment Through Modulation of Androgen Receptor and VEGFA Signaling Pathways in Prostate Cancer.
Title: Multifaceted Function of MicroRNA-299-3p Fosters an Antitumor Environment Through Modulation of Androgen Receptor and VEGFA Signaling Pathways in Prostate Cancer.
Diabetic Retinopathy and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Gene Insertion/Deletion Polymorphism.
Title: Diabetic Retinopathy and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Gene Insertion/Deletion Polymorphism.
SARS-CoV-2 spike protein co-opts VEGF-A/neuropilin-1 receptor signaling to induce analgesia.
Title: SARS-CoV-2 spike protein co-opts VEGF-A/neuropilin-1 receptor signaling to induce analgesia.
Acute cytotoxicity and increased vascular endothelial growth factor after in vitro nitrogen mustard vapor exposure.
Title: Acute cytotoxicity and increased vascular endothelial growth factor after in vitro nitrogen mustard vapor exposure.
Catabolic degradation of endothelial VEGFA via autophagy.
Title: Catabolic degradation of endothelial VEGFA via autophagy.
VEGF is an autocrine/paracrine neuroprotective factor for injured retinal ganglion neurons.
Title: VEGF is an autocrine/paracrine neuroprotective factor for injured retinal ganglion neurons.
Cigarette smoke modulates binding of the transcription factor MZF1 to the VEGF promoter and regulates VEGF expression in dependence of genetic variation SNP 405.
Title: Cigarette smoke modulates binding of the transcription factor MZF1 to the VEGF promoter and regulates VEGF expression in dependence of genetic variation SNP 405.
Analysis of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, vascular endothelial growth factor, and soluble receptor for advanced glycation end-products in bone marrow supernatant in hematologic malignancies.
Title: Analysis of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, vascular endothelial growth factor, and soluble receptor for advanced glycation end-products in bone marrow supernatant in hematologic malignancies.

Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (4351)

Phenotypes

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Find tests for this gene in the NIH Genetic Testing Registry (GTR)

Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

Associated conditions

Description	Tests
A genome-wide association study for coronary artery disease identifies a novel susceptibility locus in the major histocompatibility complex. GeneReviews: Not available
A meta-analysis of thyroid-related traits reveals novel loci and gender-specific differences in the regulation of thyroid function. GeneReviews: Not available
Common variants near FRK/COL10A1 and VEGFA are associated with advanced age-related macular degeneration. GeneReviews: Not available
Discovery and refinement of loci associated with lipid levels. GeneReviews: Not available
Genome-wide association analyses identify 18 new loci associated with serum urate concentrations. GeneReviews: Not available
Genome-wide trans-ancestry meta-analysis provides insight into the genetic architecture of type 2 diabetes susceptibility. GeneReviews: Not available
Identification of cis- and trans-acting genetic variants explaining up to half the variation in circulating vascular endothelial growth factor levels. GeneReviews: Not available
Meta-analysis identifies 13 new loci associated with waist-hip ratio and reveals sexual dimorphism in the genetic basis of fat distribution. GeneReviews: Not available
Meta-analysis of genome-wide association data and large-scale replication identifies additional susceptibility loci for type 2 diabetes. GeneReviews: Not available
Microvascular complications of diabetes 1 MedGen: C2676832 OMIM: 603933 GeneReviews: Not available	Compare labs
New loci associated with kidney function and chronic kidney disease. GeneReviews: Not available
Novel loci for adiponectin levels and their influence on type 2 diabetes and metabolic traits: a multi-ethnic meta-analysis of 45,891 individuals. GeneReviews: Not available
Seven new loci associated with age-related macular degeneration. GeneReviews: Not available
Sex-stratified genome-wide association studies including 270,000 individuals show sexual dimorphism in genetic loci for anthropometric traits. GeneReviews: Not available

Copy number response

Description
Copy number response Triplosensitivity No evidence available (Last evaluated (2012-04-25) ClinGen Genome Curation Page Haploinsufficency Little evidence for dosage pathogenicity (Last evaluated (2012-04-25) ClinGen Genome Curation PagePubMed

Variation

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See variants in ClinVar

See studies and variants in dbVar

See Variation Viewer (GRCh37.p13)

See Variation Viewer (GRCh38)

HIV-1 interactions

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Protein interactions

Protein	Gene	Interaction	Pubs
Envelope surface glycoprotein gp120	env	HIV-1 gp120 modulates expression of the cytokines IL1beta, IL3, IL6, IL10, IL13, IL15, IFNbeta2A, IFNgamma, IFNomega, TNFalpha, VEGF, VEGF B, and LIF in PBMCs and MDMs	PubMed
Nef	nef	HIV-1 Nef synergizes with IL-6 to enhance vascular tube formation, cell proliferation, VEGF expression, and phosphorylated AKT activation in human umbilical vein endothelial cells	PubMed
	nef	HIV-1 Nef increases expression of both VEGF and its transcriptional regulator, hypoxia-inducible factor 2alpha (HIF-2alpha), in a Src kinase-and Stat3-dependent manner	PubMed
Tat	tat	HIV-1 Tat increases permeability of human glomerular endothelial cells by activating Rho-A, pMLC, and c-Src pathways, which involves VEGF-A or FGF-2.	PubMed
	tat	VEGF can compete with HIV-1 Tat chemotactic activity in Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) cells, indicating Tat may cooperate with VEGF in activation of VEGFR-2 on KS precursor spindle and endothelial cells and contribute to the aggressiveness of AIDS-KS lesions	PubMed
	tat	HIV-1 Tat upregulates VEGFA (VEGF) expression in HUVEC and EA.hy926 cells	PubMed
	tat	HIV-1 Tat upregulates members of the PDGF/VEGF growth factor family (PDGFA, VEGFA,VEGFB, VEGFC) in mammary epithelial cells	PubMed
	tat	HIV-1 Tat enhances vIL-6-induced angiogenesis and tumorigenesis of fibroblasts and human endothelial cells, which correlates with upregulation of CD31, CD34, SMA, VEGF, b-FGF, and cyclin D1 expression	PubMed
	tat	HIV-1 Tat enhances Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus vIL-6-induced cell proliferation, cellular transformation, vascular tube formation, and VEGF production in tumor cells	PubMed
	tat	HIV-1 Tat inhibits the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to endothelial cells by downregulating the expression of VEGF-induced endothelial markers such as Flt-1, KDR and vWF	PubMed
	tat	The chemokine like region of HIV-1 Tat (amino acids 24-51) induces the release of angiogenic factors, including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), an effect linked to Tat induced angiogenesis	PubMed
Vpu	vpu	HIV-1 Vpu-expressing U937 monocytes coculture with LX2 stellate cells to upregulate expression of profibrogenic markers COL-1, PCT, SMA-1, VEGF, and MMP2, which is inhibited by MIF treatment	PubMed

Go to the HIV-1, Human Interaction Database

Interactions

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Products	Interactant	Other Gene	Complex	Source	Pubs	Description

General gene information

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Markers

Vegfa (e-PCR), detects polymorphism
- UniSTS:471318

RH46691 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:68409

RH16204 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:45656

STS-M32977 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:34914

VEGF_1127 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:277860

VEGF_V308 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:277860

SHGC-32834 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:41068

Vegf (e-PCR), detects polymorphism
- UniSTS:144751

SHGC-142757 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:171637

GDB:580706 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:157849

PMC25276P1 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:272284

PMC25276P2 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:272285

D6S2083 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:9645

ha2182 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:515503

D2Wox60 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:240057

SHGC-78839 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:95700

Homology

Homologs of the VEGFA gene: The VEGFA gene is conserved in dog, cow, mouse, rat, chicken, and zebrafish.
Orthologs from Annotation Pipeline: 260 organisms have orthologs with human gene VEGFA
Orthologs

Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

Function	Evidence Code	Pubs
chemoattractant activity	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info	PubMed
chemoattractant activity	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
cytokine activity	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
cytokine activity	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
extracellular matrix binding	IC Inferred by Curator more info	PubMed
fibronectin binding	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
growth factor activity	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info	PubMed
growth factor activity	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
growth factor activity	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
heparin binding	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
heparin binding	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
identical protein binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed
platelet-derived growth factor receptor binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed
protein binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed
protein homodimerization activity	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
receptor ligand activity	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
receptor ligand activity	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed
vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 binding	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info	PubMed
vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed
vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 binding	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info	PubMed
vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed
vascular endothelial growth factor receptor binding	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info	PubMed
vascular endothelial growth factor receptor binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed

Process	Evidence Code	Pubs
VEGF-activated neuropilin signaling pathway	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
activation of protein kinase activity	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
angiogenesis	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
artery morphogenesis	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
branching involved in blood vessel morphogenesis	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
branching involved in blood vessel morphogenesis	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
branching morphogenesis of an epithelial tube	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
camera-type eye morphogenesis	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
cardiac muscle fiber development	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
cardiac vascular smooth muscle cell development	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
cell maturation	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
cell migration involved in sprouting angiogenesis	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
cellular response to hypoxia	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
cellular response to vascular endothelial growth factor stimulus	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
cellular stress response to acid chemical	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
commissural neuron axon guidance	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
coronary artery morphogenesis	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
coronary vein morphogenesis	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
cytokine-mediated signaling pathway	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info
dopaminergic neuron differentiation	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
endothelial cell chemotaxis	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
epithelial cell differentiation	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
eye photoreceptor cell development	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
heart morphogenesis	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
in utero embryonic development	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
induction of positive chemotaxis	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info	PubMed
induction of positive chemotaxis	NAS Non-traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
kidney development	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
lactation	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
lung development	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
lymph vessel morphogenesis	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
macrophage differentiation	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
mammary gland alveolus development	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
mesoderm development	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
monocyte differentiation	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
motor neuron migration	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
negative regulation of adherens junction organization	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
negative regulation of apoptotic process	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
negative regulation of blood-brain barrier permeability	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
negative regulation of cell-cell adhesion mediated by cadherin	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
negative regulation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic process	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
negative regulation of establishment of endothelial barrier	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
negative regulation of gene expression	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
negative regulation of gene expression	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
nervous system development	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
outflow tract morphogenesis	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
ovarian follicle development	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
platelet degranulation	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info
positive chemotaxis	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
positive regulation of CREB transcription factor activity	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
positive regulation of MAP kinase activity	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
positive regulation of angiogenesis	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info	PubMed
positive regulation of angiogenesis	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
positive regulation of angiogenesis	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
positive regulation of axon extension involved in axon guidance	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
positive regulation of blood vessel endothelial cell migration	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
positive regulation of blood vessel endothelial cell migration	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
positive regulation of blood vessel endothelial cell proliferation involved in sprouting angiogenesis	IGI Inferred from Genetic Interaction more info	PubMed
positive regulation of blood vessel endothelial cell proliferation involved in sprouting angiogenesis	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
positive regulation of branching involved in ureteric bud morphogenesis	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
positive regulation of cell adhesion	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
positive regulation of cell division	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
positive regulation of cell migration	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
positive regulation of cell migration involved in sprouting angiogenesis	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
positive regulation of cell migration involved in sprouting angiogenesis	IGI Inferred from Genetic Interaction more info	PubMed
positive regulation of cell migration involved in sprouting angiogenesis	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
positive regulation of cell population proliferation	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
positive regulation of cell population proliferation	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
positive regulation of cell proliferation by VEGF-activated platelet derived growth factor receptor signaling pathway	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
positive regulation of cellular component movement	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
positive regulation of cold-induced thermogenesis	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info	PubMed
positive regulation of endothelial cell chemotaxis by VEGF-activated vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signaling pathway	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
positive regulation of endothelial cell migration	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
positive regulation of endothelial cell proliferation	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info	PubMed
positive regulation of endothelial cell proliferation	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
positive regulation of endothelial cell proliferation	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
positive regulation of epithelial cell proliferation	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
positive regulation of focal adhesion assembly	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
positive regulation of gene expression	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
positive regulation of histone deacetylase activity	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
positive regulation of leukocyte migration	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
positive regulation of mast cell chemotaxis	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info	PubMed
positive regulation of mesenchymal cell proliferation	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
positive regulation of neuroblast proliferation	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
positive regulation of p38MAPK cascade	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
positive regulation of peptidyl-serine phosphorylation	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
positive regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine autophosphorylation	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
positive regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
positive regulation of positive chemotaxis	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
positive regulation of protein autophosphorylation	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
positive regulation of protein kinase C signaling	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
positive regulation of protein kinase D signaling	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
positive regulation of protein phosphorylation	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info	PubMed
positive regulation of protein phosphorylation	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
positive regulation of protein-containing complex assembly	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
positive regulation of receptor internalization	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
positive regulation of retinal ganglion cell axon guidance	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
positive regulation of sprouting angiogenesis	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
positive regulation of sprouting angiogenesis	IGI Inferred from Genetic Interaction more info	PubMed
positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to hypoxia	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
positive regulation of trophoblast cell migration	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
NOT positive regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT protein	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
positive regulation of vascular permeability	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
post-embryonic camera-type eye development	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
primitive erythrocyte differentiation	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
regulation of cell shape	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
regulation of nitric oxide mediated signal transduction	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
regulation of retinal ganglion cell axon guidance	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info
regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to hypoxia	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info
response to hypoxia	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info	PubMed
response to hypoxia	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
sprouting angiogenesis	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info	PubMed
surfactant homeostasis	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
tube formation	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signaling pathway	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info	PubMed
vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signaling pathway	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signaling pathway	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info
vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 signaling pathway	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
vascular endothelial growth factor signaling pathway	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info	PubMed
vascular endothelial growth factor signaling pathway	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
vascular wound healing	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
vasculogenesis	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed

Component	Evidence Code	Pubs
adherens junction	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
cell surface	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
cytoplasm	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
extracellular matrix	NAS Non-traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
extracellular region	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info
extracellular space	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info	PubMed
extracellular space	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
extracellular space	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
membrane	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
platelet alpha granule lumen	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info
secretory granule	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed

General protein information

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Preferred Names: vascular endothelial growth factor A

Names: vascular endothelial growth factor A121; vascular endothelial growth factor A165; vascular permeability factor

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

Genomic

NG_008732.1 RefSeqGene

Range

4996..21272

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GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

NM_001025366.3 → NP_001020537.2 vascular endothelial growth factor A isoform a

Status: REVIEWED

Description

Transcript Variant: This variant (1) represents the longest transcript. This variant can initiate translation from four non-AUG (CUG) sites, and also from a downstream, in-frame AUG. The isoform (a) represented in this RefSeq is derived from the 5'-most CUG start codon. This is the longest isoform.

Source sequence(s)

AF024710, BF700556, BM661679, BU153227, CN256173, DA237741, S85192

Consensus CDS

CCDS34457.1

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

P15692

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

A0A087WUD8

Related

ENSP00000361125.4, ENST00000372055.8

Conserved Domains (2) summary

smart00141
Location:230 → 312

PDGF; Platelet-derived and vascular endothelial growth factors (PDGF, VEGF) family

pfam14554
Location:364 → 412

VEGF_C; VEGF heparin-binding domain
NM_001025367.3 → NP_001020538.2 vascular endothelial growth factor A isoform c

Status: REVIEWED

Description

Transcript Variant: This variant (3) uses an alternate in-frame splice site in the 3' coding region, compared to variant 1. This variant can initiate translation from four non-AUG (CUG) sites, and also from a downstream, in-frame AUG. The isoform (c) represented in this RefSeq is derived from the 5'-most CUG start codon, and is shorter than isoform a.

Source sequence(s)

AF024710, AJ010438, BF700556, BM661679, BU153227, CN256173, DA237741

Consensus CDS

CCDS47433.1

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

P15692

Related

ENSP00000389864.3, ENST00000413642.7

Conserved Domains (2) summary

smart00141
Location:230 → 312

PDGF; Platelet-derived and vascular endothelial growth factors (PDGF, VEGF) family

pfam14554
Location:341 → 389

VEGF_C; VEGF heparin-binding domain
NM_001025368.3 → NP_001020539.2 vascular endothelial growth factor A isoform d

Status: REVIEWED

Description

Transcript Variant: This variant (4) lacks an alternate in-frame exon in the 3' coding region, compared to variant 1. This variant can initiate translation from four non-AUG (CUG) sites, and also from a downstream, in-frame AUG. The isoform (d) represented in this RefSeq is derived from the 5'-most CUG start codon, and is shorter than isoform a.

Source sequence(s)

AB021221, AF024710, BF700556, BM661679, BU153227, CN256173, DA237741

Consensus CDS

CCDS34458.1

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

P15692

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

A0A087X0B2

Related

ENSP00000361137.3, ENST00000372067.7

Conserved Domains (2) summary

smart00141
Location:230 → 312

PDGF; Platelet-derived and vascular endothelial growth factors (PDGF, VEGF) family

pfam14554
Location:318 → 371

VEGF_C; VEGF heparin-binding domain
NM_001025369.3 → NP_001020540.2 vascular endothelial growth factor A isoform e

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001020540.2

Status: REVIEWED

Description

Transcript Variant: This variant (5) lacks an alternate in-frame exon, and uses an alternate splice site that causes a frameshift in the 3' coding region, compared to variant 1. This variant can initiate translation from four non-AUG (CUG) sites, and also from a downstream, in-frame AUG. The isoform (e) represented in this RefSeq is derived from the 5'-most CUG start codon, and has a distinct C-terminus and is shorter than isoform a.

Source sequence(s)

AF024710, AF091352, BF700556, BM661679, BU153227, CN256173, DA237741

Consensus CDS

CCDS47435.1

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

P15692

Related

ENSP00000388663.2, ENST00000417285.6

Conserved Domains (2) summary

smart00141
Location:230 → 312

PDGF; Platelet-derived and vascular endothelial growth factors (PDGF, VEGF) family

pfam14554
Location:318 → 353

VEGF_C; VEGF heparin-binding domain
NM_001025370.3 → NP_001020541.2 vascular endothelial growth factor A isoform f

Status: REVIEWED

Description

Transcript Variant: This variant (6) lacks two alternate in-frame exons in the 3' coding region, compared to variant 1. This variant can initiate translation from four non-AUG (CUG) sites, and also from a downstream, in-frame AUG. The isoform (f) represented in this RefSeq is derived from the 5'-most CUG start codon, and is shorter than isoform a.

Source sequence(s)

AF024710, AF214570, BF700556, BM661679, BU153227, CN256173, DA237741

Consensus CDS

CCDS47434.1

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

P15692

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

A0A087WTP4

Related

ENSP00000361134.4, ENST00000372064.8

Conserved Domains (1) summary

smart00141
Location:230 → 312

PDGF; Platelet-derived and vascular endothelial growth factors (PDGF, VEGF) family
NM_001033756.3 → NP_001028928.1 vascular endothelial growth factor A isoform g

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001028928.1

Status: REVIEWED

Description

Transcript Variant: This variant (7) lacks an alternate in-frame exon and uses an alternate splice site that causes a frameshift in the 3' coding region, compared to variant 1. This variant can initiate translation from four non-AUG (CUG) sites, and also from a downstream, in-frame AUG. The isoform (g) represented in this RefSeq is derived from the 5'-most CUG start codon, and has a distinct C-terminus and is shorter than isoform a.

Source sequence(s)

AF024710, AF430806, BF700556, BM661679, BU153227, CN256173, DA237741

Consensus CDS

CCDS47432.1

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

P15692

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

A0A087X1L1

Related

ENSP00000421561.1, ENST00000482630.6

Conserved Domains (2) summary

smart00141
Location:230 → 312

PDGF; Platelet-derived and vascular endothelial growth factors (PDGF, VEGF) family

pfam14554
Location:318 → 365

VEGF_C; VEGF heparin-binding domain
NM_001171622.2 → NP_001165093.1 vascular endothelial growth factor A isoform h

Status: REVIEWED

Description

Transcript Variant: This variant (8) lacks three alternate in-frame exons in the 3' coding region, compared to variant 1. This variant can initiate translation from four non-AUG (CUG) sites, and also from a downstream, in-frame AUG. The isoform (h) represented in this RefSeq is derived from the 5'-most CUG start codon, and is shorter than isoform a.

Source sequence(s)

AF024710, BF700556, BM661679, BU153227, CN256173, DA237741, DQ229900

Consensus CDS

CCDS55007.1

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

P15692

Related

ENSP00000317598.6, ENST00000324450.10

Conserved Domains (1) summary

smart00141
Location:230 → 311

PDGF; Platelet-derived and vascular endothelial growth factors (PDGF, VEGF) family
NM_001171623.1 → NP_001165094.1 vascular endothelial growth factor A isoform i precursor

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001165094.1

Status: REVIEWED

Description

Transcript Variant: This variant (1) represents the longest transcript. This variant can initiate translation from four non-AUG (CUG) sites, and also from a downstream, in-frame AUG. The isoform (i, also referred to as VEGF206) represented in this RefSeq is derived from the AUG start codon, and is shorter at the N-terminus, compared to isoform a.

Source sequence(s)

AF024710, BF700556, BM661679, BU153227, CN256173, DA237741, S85192

Consensus CDS

CCDS55010.1

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

P15692

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

A0A024RD33

Related

ENSP00000430479.1, ENST00000523873.5

Conserved Domains (2) summary

smart00141
Location:50 → 132

PDGF; Platelet-derived and vascular endothelial growth factors (PDGF, VEGF) family

pfam14554
Location:184 → 232

VEGF_C; VEGF heparin-binding domain
NM_001171624.1 → NP_001165095.1 vascular endothelial growth factor A isoform j precursor

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001165095.1

Status: REVIEWED

Description

Transcript Variant: This variant (2) uses an alternate in-frame splice site in the 3' coding region, compared to variant 1. This variant can initiate translation from four non-AUG (CUG) sites, and also from a downstream, in-frame AUG. The isoform (j, also referred to as VEGF189) represented in this RefSeq is derived from the AUG start codon, and is shorter than isoform a.

Source sequence(s)

AF024710, BF700556, BM661679, BU153227, CN256173, DA237741, M27281

Consensus CDS

CCDS55009.1

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

P15692

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

A0A024RD37

Related

ENSP00000428321.1, ENST00000520948.5

Conserved Domains (2) summary

smart00141
Location:50 → 132

PDGF; Platelet-derived and vascular endothelial growth factors (PDGF, VEGF) family

pfam14554
Location:167 → 215

VEGF_C; VEGF heparin-binding domain
NM_001171625.1 → NP_001165096.1 vascular endothelial growth factor A isoform k precursor

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001165096.1

Status: REVIEWED

Description

Transcript Variant: This variant (3) uses an alternate in-frame splice site in the 3' coding region, compared to variant 1. This variant can initiate translation from four non-AUG (CUG) sites, and also from a downstream, in-frame AUG. The isoform (k, also referred to as VEGF183) represented in this RefSeq is derived from the AUG start codon, and is shorter than isoform a.

Source sequence(s)

AF024710, AJ010438, BF700556, BM661679, BU153227, CN256173, DA237741

Consensus CDS

CCDS55008.1

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

P15692

Related

ENSP00000430829.1, ENST00000518689.5

Conserved Domains (2) summary

smart00141
Location:50 → 132

PDGF; Platelet-derived and vascular endothelial growth factors (PDGF, VEGF) family

pfam14554
Location:161 → 209

VEGF_C; VEGF heparin-binding domain
NM_001171626.1 → NP_001165097.1 vascular endothelial growth factor A isoform VEGF-A precursor

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001165097.1

Status: REVIEWED

Description

Transcript Variant: This variant (4) lacks an alternate in-frame exon in the 3' coding region compared to variant 1. It can initiate translation from four non-AUG (CUG) sites, and also from an in-frame downstream AUG. This RefSeq represents isoform VEGF-A (also referred to as VEGF165 or VEGF-A165), which is derived from the AUG start codon, and is shorter than isoform a. This variant also encodes a C-terminally extended isoform (VEGF-Ax) that results from the use of an alternative in-frame, downstream translation termination codon (UGA). Isoform VEGF-Ax is represented in NM_001317010.1.

Source sequence(s)

AB021221, AF024710, BF700556, BM661679, BU153227, CN256173, DA237741

Consensus CDS

CCDS55012.1

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

P15692

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

A0A0Y0IMM4

Related

ENSP00000429643.1, ENST00000523950.5

Conserved Domains (2) summary

smart00141
Location:50 → 132

PDGF; Platelet-derived and vascular endothelial growth factors (PDGF, VEGF) family

pfam14554
Location:143 → 191

VEGF_C; VEGF heparin-binding domain
NM_001171627.1 → NP_001165098.1 vascular endothelial growth factor A isoform m precursor

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001165098.1

Status: REVIEWED

Description

Transcript Variant: This variant (5) lacks an alternate in-frame exon, and uses an alternate splice site that causes a frameshift in the 3' coding region, compared to variant 1. This variant can initiate translation from four non-AUG (CUG) sites, and also from a downstream, in-frame AUG. The isoform (m, also referred to as VEGF148) represented in this RefSeq is derived from the AUG start codon, and has a distinct C-terminus and is shorter than isoform a.

Source sequence(s)

AF024710, AF091352, BF700556, BM661679, BU153227, CN256173, DA237741

Consensus CDS

CCDS55011.1

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

P15692

Related

ENSP00000429008.1, ENST00000523125.5

Conserved Domains (2) summary

smart00141
Location:50 → 132

PDGF; Platelet-derived and vascular endothelial growth factors (PDGF, VEGF) family

pfam14554
Location:143 → 173

VEGF_C; VEGF heparin-binding domain
NM_001171628.1 → NP_001165099.1 vascular endothelial growth factor A isoform n precursor

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001165099.1

Status: REVIEWED

Description

Transcript Variant: This variant (6) lacks two alternate in-frame exons in the 3' coding region, compared to variant 1. This variant can initiate translation from four non-AUG (CUG) sites, and also from a downstream, in-frame AUG. The isoform (n, also referred to as VEGF121) represented in this RefSeq is derived from the AUG start codon, and is shorter than isoform a.

Source sequence(s)

AF024710, AF214570, BF700556, BM661679, BU153227, CN256173, DA237741

Consensus CDS

CCDS55014.1

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

P15692

Related

ENSP00000361148.4, ENST00000372077.8

Conserved Domains (1) summary

smart00141
Location:50 → 132

PDGF; Platelet-derived and vascular endothelial growth factors (PDGF, VEGF) family
NM_001171629.1 → NP_001165100.1 vascular endothelial growth factor A isoform o precursor

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001165100.1

Status: REVIEWED

Description

Transcript Variant: This variant (7) lacks an alternate in-frame exon and uses an alternate splice site that causes a frameshift in the 3' coding region, compared to variant 1. This variant can initiate translation from four non-AUG (CUG) sites, and also from a downstream, in-frame AUG. The isoform (o, also referred to as VEGF165b) represented in this RefSeq is derived from the AUG start codon, and has a distinct C-terminus and is shorter than isoform a.

Source sequence(s)

AF024710, AF430806, BF700556, BM661679, BU153227, CN256173, DA237741

Consensus CDS

CCDS55013.1

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

P15692

Related

ENSP00000430002.1, ENST00000518824.5

Conserved Domains (2) summary

smart00141
Location:50 → 132

PDGF; Platelet-derived and vascular endothelial growth factors (PDGF, VEGF) family

pfam14554
Location:143 → 185

VEGF_C; VEGF heparin-binding domain
NM_001171630.1 → NP_001165101.1 vascular endothelial growth factor A isoform p precursor

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001165101.1

Status: REVIEWED

Description

Transcript Variant: This variant (8) lacks three alternate in-frame exons in the 3' coding region, compared to variant 1. This variant can initiate translation from four non-AUG (CUG) sites, and also from a downstream, in-frame AUG. The isoform (p, also referred to as VEGF111) represented in this RefSeq is derived from the AUG start codon, and is shorter than isoform a.

Source sequence(s)

AF024710, BF700556, BM661679, BU153227, CN256173, DA237741, DQ229900

Consensus CDS

CCDS55015.1

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

P15692

Related

ENSP00000409911.2, ENST00000457104.6

Conserved Domains (1) summary

smart00141
Location:50 → 131

PDGF; Platelet-derived and vascular endothelial growth factors (PDGF, VEGF) family
NM_001204384.1 → NP_001191313.1 vascular endothelial growth factor A isoform q precursor

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001191313.1

Status: REVIEWED

Description

Transcript Variant: This variant (9) uses an alternate in-frame splice site in the 3' coding region and lacks an alternate in-frame exon compared to variant 1. This variant can initiate translation from four non-AUG (CUG) sites, and also from a downstream, in-frame AUG. The isoform (q, also referred to as VEGF145) represented in this RefSeq is derived from the AUG start codon, and is shorter than isoform a.

Source sequence(s)

AL136131, BC065522, M27281

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

P15692

Conserved Domains (1) summary

smart00141
Location:50 → 132

PDGF; Platelet-derived and vascular endothelial growth factors (PDGF, VEGF) family
NM_001204385.2 → NP_001191314.1 vascular endothelial growth factor A isoform r

Status: REVIEWED

Description

Transcript Variant: This variant (9) uses an alternate in-frame splice site in the 3' coding region and lacks an alternate in-frame exon compared to variant 1. This variant can initiate translation from four non-AUG (CUG) sites, and also from a downstream, in-frame AUG. The isoform represented in this RefSeq (isoform r) is derived from the 5'-most CUG start codon, and is shorter than isoform a.

Source sequence(s)

AL136131, BC065522, M27281

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

P15692

Related

ENSP00000430594.1, ENST00000519767.5

Conserved Domains (1) summary

smart00141
Location:230 → 312

PDGF; Platelet-derived and vascular endothelial growth factors (PDGF, VEGF) family
NM_001287044.2 → NP_001273973.1 vascular endothelial growth factor A isoform s

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001273973.1

Status: REVIEWED

Description

Transcript Variant: This variant (10) has an alternate 5' exon, which results in translation initiation at a downstream AUG start codon, and lacks an in-frame exon in the coding region, compared to variant 1. The resulting isoform (s) has a shorter N-terminus and lacks an internal segment, compared to isoform a.

Source sequence(s)

AL136131, BC058855, BC065522, BX442364, HY066915

Consensus CDS

CCDS69125.1

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

P15692

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

A2A2V4

Related

ENSP00000230480.6, ENST00000230480.10

Conserved Domains (2) summary

smart00141
Location:22 → 104

PDGF; Platelet-derived and vascular endothelial growth factors (PDGF, VEGF) family

pfam14554
Location:115 → 163

VEGF_C; VEGF heparin-binding domain
NM_001317010.1 → NP_001303939.1 vascular endothelial growth factor A isoform VEGF-Ax precursor

Status: REVIEWED

Description

Transcript Variant: This variant (4) is identical to NM_001171626.1; however, it uses an alternative in-frame, downstream translation termination codon (UGA), which results in a longer, C-terminally extended isoform (VEGF-Ax) compared to isoform VEGF-A (also referred to as VEGF165 or VEGF-A165). Unlike isoform VEGF-A, which is proangiogenic, VEGF-Ax exhibits antiangiogenic activity. As the upstream UGA stop codon has been shown to be recoded as serine (PMID:24949972), its location in the VEGF-Ax isoform (aa 192) is denoted by an 'S'.

Source sequence(s)

AB021221, AF024710, BF700556, BM661679, BU153227, CN256173, DA237741

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

P15692

Conserved Domains (2) summary

smart00141
Location:50 → 132

PDGF; Platelet-derived and vascular endothelial growth factors (PDGF, VEGF) family

pfam14554
Location:140 → 191

VEGF_C; VEGF heparin-binding domain
NM_003376.6 → NP_003367.4 vascular endothelial growth factor A isoform b

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_003367.4

Status: REVIEWED

Description

Transcript Variant: This variant (2) uses an alternate in-frame splice site in the 3' coding region, compared to variant 1. This variant can initiate translation from four non-AUG (CUG) sites, and also from a downstream, in-frame AUG. The isoform represented in this RefSeq (isoform b) is derived from the 5'-most CUG start codon, and is shorter than isoform a.

Source sequence(s)

AF024710, BF700556, BM661679, BU153227, CN256173, DA237741, M27281

Consensus CDS

CCDS4907.2

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

P15692

Related

ENSP00000388465.2, ENST00000425836.6

Conserved Domains (2) summary

smart00141
Location:230 → 312

PDGF; Platelet-derived and vascular endothelial growth factors (PDGF, VEGF) family

pfam14554
Location:347 → 395

VEGF_C; VEGF heparin-binding domain