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BMI1 BMI1 proto-oncogene, polycomb ring finger [ Homo sapiens (human) ]

Gene ID: 648, updated on 11-May-2025
Official Symbol
BMI1provided by HGNC
Official Full Name
BMI1 proto-oncogene, polycomb ring fingerprovided by HGNC
Primary source
HGNC:HGNC:1066
See related
Ensembl:ENSG00000168283 MIM:164831; AllianceGenome:HGNC:1066
Gene type
protein coding
RefSeq status
REVIEWED
Organism
Homo sapiens
Lineage
Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
Also known as
PCGF4; RNF51; FLVI2/BMI1; flvi-2/bmi-1
Summary
This gene encodes a ring finger protein that is major component of the polycomb group complex 1 (PRC1). This complex functions through chromatin remodeling as an essential epigenetic repressor of multiple regulatory genes involved in embryonic development and self-renewal in somatic stem cells. This protein also plays a central role in DNA damage repair. This gene is an oncogene and aberrant expression is associated with numerous cancers and is associated with resistance to certain chemotherapies. A pseudogene of this gene is found on chromosome X. Read-through transcription also exists between this gene and the upstream COMM domain containing 3 (COMMD3) gene. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2015]
Expression
Ubiquitous expression in testis (RPKM 21.4), endometrium (RPKM 20.1) and 25 other tissues See more
Orthologs
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See BMI1 in Genome Data Viewer
Location:
10p12.2
Exon count:
13
Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
RS_2024_08 current GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40) 10 NC_000010.11 (22321099..22331706)
RS_2024_08 current T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1) 10 NC_060934.1 (22340133..22350740)
RS_2024_09 previous assembly GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25) 10 NC_000010.10 (22610028..22620635)

Chromosome 10 - NC_000010.11Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene ribosomal protein L31 pseudogene 45 Neighboring gene NANOG-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr10:22568695-22569196 Neighboring gene NANOG-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr10:22569197-22569696 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 2204 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 3129 Neighboring gene COMMD3-BMI1 readthrough Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 2205 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 2206 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 2207 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 2208 Neighboring gene COMM domain containing 3 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr10:22629212-22629998 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 3130 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr10:22634454-22635270 Neighboring gene sperm associated antigen 6 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 3131 Neighboring gene NANOG-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr10:22697232-22697772 Neighboring gene NANOG-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr10:22697773-22698311 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 2210 Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC105376449 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr10:22726272-22726772 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr10:22726773-22727273 Neighboring gene long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 3027

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

  • Project title: Tissue-specific circular RNA induction during human fetal development
  • Description: 35 human fetal samples from 6 tissues (3 - 7 replicates per tissue) collected between 10 and 20 weeks gestational time were sequenced using Illumina TruSeq Stranded Total RNA
  • BioProject: PRJNA270632
  • Publication: PMID 26076956
  • Analysis date: Mon Apr 2 22:54:59 2018

Related articles in PubMed

  1. The BMI1 inhibitor PTC-209 is a potential compound to halt cellular growth in biliary tract cancer cells. Mayr C, et al. Oncotarget, 2016 Jan 5. PMID 26623561, Free PMC Article
  2. Prognostic Value and Clinicopathological Differences of Bmi1 in Gastric Cancer: A Meta-analysis. Yuan B, et al. Anticancer Agents Med Chem, 2016. PMID 25968877
  3. Intensive expression of Bmi-1 is a new independent predictor of poor outcome in patients with ovarian carcinoma. Yang GF, et al. BMC Cancer, 2010 Apr 8. PMID 20377880, Free PMC Article
  4. Role of the polycomb group gene BMI1 in normal and leukemic hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. Schuringa JJ, et al. Curr Opin Hematol, 2010 Jul. PMID 20308890
  5. Bmi-1 expression predicts prognosis in squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue. Häyry V, et al. Br J Cancer, 2010 Mar 2. PMID 20145620, Free PMC Article

See all (604) citations in PubMed

GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?
  1. BMI-1 in Breast Cancer - Biological Role and Clinical Implications.
    Title: BMI-1 in Breast Cancer - Biological Role and Clinical Implications.
  2. Targeting Bmi1 for Enhancing Anoikis Sensitivity and Inhibiting Metastasis in Colorectal Cancer.
    Title: Targeting Bmi1 for Enhancing Anoikis Sensitivity and Inhibiting Metastasis in Colorectal Cancer.
  3. Bmi-1 promotes the proliferation, migration and invasion, and inhibits cell apoptosis of human retinoblastoma cells via RKIP.
    Title: Bmi-1 promotes the proliferation, migration and invasion, and inhibits cell apoptosis of human retinoblastoma cells via RKIP.
  4. Bmi1 facilitates the progression of cholangiocarcinoma by inhibiting Foxn2 expression dependent on a histone H2A ubiquitination manner.
    Title: Bmi1 facilitates the progression of cholangiocarcinoma by inhibiting Foxn2 expression dependent on a histone H2A ubiquitination manner.
  5. The transcription factor BMI1 increases hypoxic signaling in oral cavity epithelia.
    Title: The transcription factor BMI1 increases hypoxic signaling in oral cavity epithelia.
  6. lncRNA CCAT2 Protects Against Cardiomyocyte Injury After Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion by Regulating BMI1 Expression.
    Title: lncRNA CCAT2 Protects Against Cardiomyocyte Injury After Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion by Regulating BMI1 Expression.
  7. PP2A inhibitor SET promotes mTORC1 and Bmi1 signaling through Akt activation and maintains the colony-formation ability of cancer cells.
    Title: PP2A inhibitor SET promotes mTORC1 and Bmi1 signaling through Akt activation and maintains the colony-formation ability of cancer cells.
  8. Cancer-associated fibroblast-derived extracellular vesicles promote lymph node metastases in oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma by encapsulating ITGB1 and BMI1.
    Title: Cancer-associated fibroblast-derived extracellular vesicles promote lymph node metastases in oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma by encapsulating ITGB1 and BMI1.
  9. Peptidase inhibitor 16 promotes inflammatory arthritis by suppressing Foxp3 expression via regulating K48-linked ubiquitin degradation Bmi-1 in regulatory T cells.
    Title: Peptidase inhibitor 16 promotes inflammatory arthritis by suppressing Foxp3 expression via regulating K48-linked ubiquitin degradation Bmi-1 in regulatory T cells.
  10. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia in children and SALL4 and BMI-1 gene expression.
    Title: Acute lymphoblastic leukemia in children and SALL4 and BMI-1 gene expression.
Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (490)

Find tests for this gene in the NIH Genetic Testing Registry (GTR)

Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

See variants in ClinVar

See studies and variants in dbVar

See Variation Viewer (GRCh37.p13)

See Variation Viewer (GRCh38)

Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

Markers

Homology

Clone Names

  • MGC12685

Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

Function Evidence Code Pubs
enables RING-like zinc finger domain binding IPI
Inferred from Physical Interaction
more info
 PubMed 
enables chromatin binding IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
enables metal ion binding IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
enables promoter-specific chromatin binding IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
enables promoter-specific chromatin binding IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
enables promoter-specific chromatin binding IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
enables protein binding IPI
Inferred from Physical Interaction
more info
 PubMed 
enables ubiquitin-protein transferase activator activity IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
enables zinc ion binding IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
enables zinc ion binding IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
Process Evidence Code Pubs
acts_upstream_of_or_within DNA methylation-dependent constitutive heterochromatin formation IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
acts_upstream_of apoptotic signaling pathway IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
acts_upstream_of_or_within brain development IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in cellular response to dexamethasone stimulus IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in cellular response to interleukin-1 IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
acts_upstream_of_or_within chromatin organization IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in chromatin organization IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in chromatin remodeling IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
 PubMed 
acts_upstream_of_or_within embryonic skeletal system development IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
acts_upstream_of_or_within embryonic skeletal system morphogenesis IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in hemopoiesis IEP
Inferred from Expression Pattern
more info
 PubMed 
acts_upstream_of_or_within humoral immune response IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
acts_upstream_of_or_within in utero embryonic development IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
acts_upstream_of_or_within negative regulation of apoptotic signaling pathway IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in negative regulation of gene expression, epigenetic IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
acts_upstream_of_or_within negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in positive regulation of B cell proliferation IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in positive regulation of fibroblast proliferation IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in positive regulation of immature T cell proliferation in thymus IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in positive regulation of ubiquitin-protein transferase activity IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
acts_upstream_of_or_within regulation of adaxial/abaxial pattern formation IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in regulation of gene expression IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in regulation of kidney development IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
acts_upstream_of_or_within rostrocaudal neural tube patterning IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in segment specification TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
  
acts_upstream_of_or_within skeletal system development IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
acts_upstream_of_or_within somatic stem cell division IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
Component Evidence Code Pubs
part_of PRC1 complex IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
part_of PRC1 complex IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
part_of PRC1 complex IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
part_of PcG protein complex IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
part_of PcG protein complex IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
located_in cytoplasm IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
located_in cytosol IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
  
located_in heterochromatin IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
located_in nuclear body IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
  
located_in nuclear body IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
located_in nucleoplasm TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
  
located_in nucleus IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
located_in nucleus IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
part_of ubiquitin ligase complex IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
Preferred Names
polycomb complex protein BMI-1
Names
B lymphoma Mo-MLV insertion region 1 homolog
BMI1 polycomb ring finger oncogene
BMI1 polycomb ring finger proto-oncogene
murine leukemia viral (bmi-1) oncogene homolog
polycomb group RING finger protein 4
polycomb group protein Bmi1
ring finger protein 51

NEW Try the new Transcript table

RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. NM_001428309.1 → NP_001415238.1  polycomb complex protein BMI-1

    Status: REVIEWED

    Source sequence(s)
    AL158211
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    P35226, Q16030, Q5T8Z3, Q96F37
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    Q5U0M5, Q6IB93

  2. NM_001428310.1 → NP_001415239.1  polycomb complex protein BMI-1

    Status: REVIEWED

    Source sequence(s)
    AL158211
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    P35226, Q16030, Q5T8Z3, Q96F37
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    Q5U0M5, Q6IB93

  3. NM_001428311.1 → NP_001415240.1  polycomb complex protein BMI-1

    Status: REVIEWED

    Source sequence(s)
    AL158211
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    P35226, Q16030, Q5T8Z3, Q96F37
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    Q5U0M5, Q6IB93

  4. NM_001428312.1 → NP_001415241.1  polycomb complex protein BMI-1

    Status: REVIEWED

    Source sequence(s)
    AL158211
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    P35226, Q16030, Q5T8Z3, Q96F37
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    Q5U0M5, Q6IB93

  5. NM_005180.9 → NP_005171.4  polycomb complex protein BMI-1

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_005171.4

    Status: REVIEWED

    Source sequence(s)
    AI274830, AL158211, BC011652, BE008203, DB225488
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS7138.1
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    P35226, Q16030, Q5T8Z3, Q96F37
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    Q5U0M5, Q6IB93
    Related
    ENSP00000365851.3, ENST00000376663.8
    Conserved Domains (2) summary
    cd16736
    Location:12 → 65
    RING-HC_PCGF4; RING finger found in polycomb group RING finger protein 4 (PCGF4) and similar proteins
    cd17165
    Location:130 → 226
    RAWUL_PCGF4; RING finger- and WD40-associated ubiquitin-like (RAWUL) domain found in polycomb group RING finger protein 4 (PCGF4)

RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001405.40-RS_2024_08

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

Genomic

  1. NC_000010.11 Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

    Range
    22321099..22331706
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

Genomic

  1. NC_060934.1 Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

    Range
    22340133..22350740
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)
Nucleotide Protein
Heading Accession and Version
Protein Accession Links
GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
P35226.2 GenPept UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:P35226

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