U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Format

Send to:

Choose Destination

TRA2B transformer 2 beta homolog [ Homo sapiens (human) ]

Gene ID: 6434, updated on 3-Nov-2024

Summary

Go to the top of the page Help
Official Symbol
TRA2Bprovided by HGNC
Official Full Name
transformer 2 beta homologprovided by HGNC
Primary source
HGNC:HGNC:10781
See related
Ensembl:ENSG00000136527 MIM:602719; AllianceGenome:HGNC:10781
Gene type
protein coding
RefSeq status
REVIEWED
Organism
Homo sapiens
Lineage
Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
Also known as
SFRS10; SRFS10; TRAN2B; PPP1R156; TRA2-BETA; Htra2-beta
Summary
This gene encodes a nuclear protein which functions as sequence-specific serine/arginine splicing factor which plays a role in mRNA processing, splicing patterns, and gene expression. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2011]
Expression
Ubiquitous expression in bone marrow (RPKM 41.9), lymph node (RPKM 15.3) and 25 other tissues See more
Orthologs
mouse all
NEW
Try the new Gene table
Try the new Transcript table

Genomic context

Go to the top of the page Help
See TRA2B in Genome Data Viewer
Location:
3q27.2
Exon count:
10
Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
RS_2024_08 current GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40) 3 NC_000003.12 (185914558..185938014, complement)
RS_2024_08 current T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1) 3 NC_060927.1 (188730348..188753803, complement)
RS_2024_09 previous assembly GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25) 3 NC_000003.11 (185632346..185655802, complement)

Chromosome 3 - NC_000003.12Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene insulin like growth factor 2 mRNA binding protein 2 Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC124906313 Neighboring gene Sharpr-MPRA regulatory region 9603 Neighboring gene Sharpr-MPRA regulatory region 5696 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr3:185487094-185487594 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr3:185487595-185488095 Neighboring gene NANOG-H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr3:185491440-185492292 Neighboring gene NANOG-H3K27ac hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr3:185496875-185497772 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr3:185497860-185498360 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr3:185501879-185502772 Neighboring gene NANOG-H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr3:185504559-185505450 Neighboring gene NANOG-H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr3:185507237-185508130 Neighboring gene microRNA 548aq Neighboring gene VISTA enhancer hs1976 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr3:185516757-185517258 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr3:185517259-185517758 Neighboring gene NANOG hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr3:185520396-185520897 Neighboring gene OCT4-NANOG hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr3:185525354-185525896 Neighboring gene H3K27ac hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr3:185540833-185541696 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 14977 Neighboring gene ReSE screen-validated silencer GRCh37_chr3:185542636-185542866 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 14978 Neighboring gene Sharpr-MPRA regulatory region 6530 Neighboring gene ReSE screen-validated silencer GRCh37_chr3:185623478-185623669 Neighboring gene NANOG-H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr3:185655136-185655863 Neighboring gene NANOG-H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr3:185667767-185668709 Neighboring gene NANOG-H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr3:185666824-185667766 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr3:185670624-185671147 Neighboring gene Sharpr-MPRA regulatory region 2251 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr3:185701333-185701854 Neighboring gene NmrA like redox sensor 2, pseudogene Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC124909470 Neighboring gene ReSE screen-validated silencer GRCh37_chr3:185795356-185795551 Neighboring gene ETS variant transcription factor 5 Neighboring gene ETV5 antisense RNA 1

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

Go to the top of the page Help

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Expression

Go to the top of the page Help
  • Project title: HPA RNA-seq normal tissues HPA RNA-seq normal tissues
  • Description: RNA-seq was performed of tissue samples from 95 human individuals representing 27 different tissues in order to determine tissue-specificity of all protein-coding genes
  • BioProject: PRJEB4337
  • Publication: PMID 24309898
  • Analysis date: Wed Apr 4 07:08:55 2018

Bibliography

Go to the top of the pageHelp

Related articles in PubMed

  1. Bulk and single-cell alternative splicing analyses reveal roles of TRA2B in myogenic differentiation. Chen G, et al. Cell Prolif, 2024 Feb. PMID 37705195, Free PMC Article
  2. Exclusion of Htra2-beta1, an up-regulator of full-length SMN2 transcript, as a modifying gene for spinal muscular atrophy. Helmken C, et al. Hum Genet, 2000 Dec. PMID 11153908
  3. Significance of nuclear hTra2-beta1 expression in cervical cancer. Gabriel B, et al. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand, 2009. PMID 19037821
  4. Clustered variants in the 5' coding region of TRA2B cause a distinctive neurodevelopmental syndrome. Ramond F, et al. Genet Med, 2023 Apr. PMID 36549593
  5. Transformer 2β (Tra2β/SFRS10) positively regulates the progression of NSCLC via promoting cell proliferation. Ji L, et al. J Mol Histol, 2014 Oct. PMID 24952301

See all (214) citations in PubMed

GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?
  1. Autoregulated splicing of TRA2beta programs T cell fate in response to antigen-receptor stimulation.
    Title: Autoregulated splicing of TRA2β programs T cell fate in response to antigen-receptor stimulation.
  2. Bulk and single-cell alternative splicing analyses reveal roles of TRA2B in myogenic differentiation.
    Title: Bulk and single-cell alternative splicing analyses reveal roles of TRA2B in myogenic differentiation.
  3. Clustered variants in the 5' coding region of TRA2B cause a distinctive neurodevelopmental syndrome.
    Title: Clustered variants in the 5' coding region of TRA2B cause a distinctive neurodevelopmental syndrome.
  4. Tra2beta Enhances Cell Proliferation by Inducing the Expression of Transcription Factor SP1 in Cervical Cancer.
    Title: Tra2β Enhances Cell Proliferation by Inducing the Expression of Transcription Factor SP1 in Cervical Cancer.
  5. MicroRNA-330-3p represses the proliferation and invasion of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma through downregulation of Tra2beta-mediated Akt signaling.
    Title: MicroRNA-330-3p represses the proliferation and invasion of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma through downregulation of Tra2β-mediated Akt signaling.
  6. Tra2beta protects against the degeneration of chondrocytes by inhibiting chondrocyte apoptosis via activating the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.
    Title: Tra2β protects against the degeneration of chondrocytes by inhibiting chondrocyte apoptosis via activating the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.
  7. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomal miR-206 inhibits osteosarcoma progression by targeting TRA2B.
    Title: Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomal miR-206 inhibits osteosarcoma progression by targeting TRA2B.
  8. HnRNPA1 interacts with G-quadruplex in the TRA2B promoter and stimulates its transcription in human colon cancer cells.
    Title: HnRNPA1 interacts with G-quadruplex in the TRA2B promoter and stimulates its transcription in human colon cancer cells.
  9. Findings demonstrate that Tra2b is upregulated in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and is associated with poor prognosis. Furthermore, Tra2b was identified as a direct target of miR-335. These results indicate that the interaction between miR-335 and Tra2b may play a vital role in the pathogenesis of NSCLC.
    Title: miR-335 inhibited cell proliferation of lung cancer cells by target Tra2β.
  10. It seems that a new signaling axis, SIRT1-SFRS10-LPIN1 axis, acting in the pathogenesis of alcoholic fatty liver disease exists.
    Title: Roles of silent information regulator 1-serine/arginine-rich splicing factor 10-lipin 1 axis in the pathogenesis of alcohol fatty liver disease.
Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (33)

Phenotypes

Go to the top of the page Help

Find tests for this gene in the NIH Genetic Testing Registry (GTR)

Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

EBI GWAS Catalog

Description
Genome-wide association yields new sequence variants at seven loci that associate with measures of obesity.
EBI GWAS Catalog
Parent-of-origin-specific allelic associations among 106 genomic loci for age at menarche.
EBI GWAS Catalog
Thirty new loci for age at menarche identified by a meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies.
EBI GWAS Catalog

Variation

Go to the top of the page Help

See variants in ClinVar

See studies and variants in dbVar

See Variation Viewer (GRCh37.p13)

See Variation Viewer (GRCh38)

Genotypes

HIV-1 interactions

Go to the top of the page Help

Replication interactions

Interaction Pubs
Multiply spliced HIV-1 RNA is increased by TRA2B overexpression resulting in blocking of HIV-1 genomic RNA export PubMed
HIV-1 RNA splice site usage is altered by the overexpression of TRA2B (in 293T cells) and different isoforms of TRA2A exhibit different altered splice site usage patterns PubMed

Protein interactions

Protein Gene Interaction Pubs
Envelope surface glycoprotein gp120 env HIV-1 Env synthesis is enhanced (slightly) by endogeneous levels of TRA2B; shRNA knockdown of TRA2B reduces Env synthesis slightly (~2 fold) in the HeLa rtTA HIVdletamls cell line (contains stably integrated, doxycycline (Dox) inducible HIV-1 provirus) PubMed
env HIV-1 Env protein expression is inhibited by the overexpression of TRA2A (in 293T cells), both full length isoform and truncated N-terminal isoform PubMed
Pr55(Gag) gag HIV-1 Gag protein expression is inhibited by the overexpression of TRA2A (in 293T cells), both full length isoform and truncated N-terminal isoform PubMed
Tat tat TRA2B (transformer 2 beta homolog) inhibits HIV-1 Tat-mediated transactivation activity in HEK293 cells PubMed
Vpr vpr The splicing factors TRA2-alpha and TRA2-beta bind to the exonic splicing enhancer ESEvpr for the activation of exon 3 inclusion, vpr mRNA splicing, and Vpr protein expression PubMed

Go to the HIV-1, Human Interaction Database

Pathways from PubChem

Go to the top of the page

Interactions

Go to the top of the page Help
Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

General gene information

Go to the top of the page Help

Markers

Homology

Clone Names

  • DKFZp686F18120

Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

Function Evidence Code Pubs
enables RNA binding HDA PubMed 
enables RNA binding IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
enables RNA binding IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
 PubMed 
enables identical protein binding IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
enables identical protein binding IPI
Inferred from Physical Interaction
more info
 PubMed 
enables mRNA binding IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
enables pre-mRNA binding IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
enables protein binding IPI
Inferred from Physical Interaction
more info
 PubMed 
enables protein domain specific binding IPI
Inferred from Physical Interaction
more info
 PubMed 
Process Evidence Code Pubs
involved_in RNA splicing, via transesterification reactions TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in cellular response to glucose stimulus IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in cerebral cortex regionalization IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in embryonic brain development IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in mRNA splicing, via spliceosome IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in positive regulation of mRNA splicing, via spliceosome IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
involved_in positive regulation of mRNA splicing, via spliceosome IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
  
involved_in regulation of RNA splicing IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in regulation of alternative mRNA splicing, via spliceosome IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in regulation of alternative mRNA splicing, via spliceosome IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
 PubMed 
Component Evidence Code Pubs
located_in nuclear inner membrane IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
located_in nucleoplasm IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
  
located_in nucleoplasm TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
  
located_in nucleus HDA PubMed 
located_in nucleus IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
part_of protein-containing complex IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
part_of spliceosomal complex IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
part_of spliceosomal complex IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
 PubMed 

General protein information

Go to the top of the page Help
Preferred Names
transformer-2 protein homolog beta
Names
TRA-2 beta
protein phosphatase 1, regulatory subunit 156
splicing factor, arginine/serine-rich 10 (transformer 2 homolog, Drosophila)
transformer-2 protein homolog B

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

Go to the top of the page Help

NEW Try the new Transcript table

RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

Genomic

  1. NG_029862.1 RefSeqGene

    Range
    5123..28579
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. NM_001243879.2 → NP_001230808.1  transformer-2 protein homolog beta isoform 2

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001230808.1

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (2) lacks an alternate exon in the 5' coding region and uses a downstream start codon, compared to variant 1. Isoform 2 has a shorter N-terminus, compared to isoform 1.
    Source sequence(s)
    AC009247, AK301118, DA164444, U61267
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS58872.1
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    P62995
    Related
    ENSP00000371626.4, ENST00000382191.4
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    cd12641
    Location:11 → 97
    RRM_TRA2B; RNA recognition motif (RRM) found in Transformer-2 protein homolog beta (TRA-2 beta) and similar proteins

  2. NM_004593.3 → NP_004584.1  transformer-2 protein homolog beta isoform 1

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_004584.1

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (1) represents the longer transcript and encodes the longer isoform (1).
    Source sequence(s)
    AC009247, BC000160, DA164444, U61267
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS33905.1
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    B4DVK2, D3DNU3, O15449, P62995, Q15815, Q64283
    Related
    ENSP00000416959.2, ENST00000453386.7
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    cd12363
    Location:117 → 196
    RRM_TRA2; RNA recognition motif (RRM) found in transformer-2 protein homolog TRA2-alpha, TRA2-beta and similar proteins

RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001405.40-RS_2024_08

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

Genomic

  1. NC_000003.12 Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

    Range
    185914558..185938014 complement
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. XM_047448717.1 → XP_047304673.1  transformer-2 protein homolog beta isoform X1

Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

Genomic

  1. NC_060927.1 Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

    Range
    188730348..188753803 complement
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. XM_054347538.1 → XP_054203513.1  transformer-2 protein homolog beta isoform X1

Nucleotide Protein
Heading Accession and Version
Protein Accession Links
GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
P62995.1 GenPept UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:P62995

Gene LinkOut

The following LinkOut resources are supplied by external providers. These providers are responsible for maintaining the links.

Chemical Information
Molecular Biology Databases
Research Materials
Tools
Miscellaneous