- Activation of AMPA receptors, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Activation of AMPA receptors, organism-specific biosystemAMPA receptors are functionally either Ca permeable or Ca impermeable based on the subunit composition. Ca permeability is determined by GluR2 subunit which undergoes post-transcriptional RNA editin...
- Activation of NMDA receptor upon glutamate binding and postsynaptic events, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Activation of NMDA receptor upon glutamate binding and postsynaptic events, organism-specific biosystemNMDA receptors are a subtype of ionotropic glutamate receptors that are specifically activated by a glutamate agonist N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA). Activation of NMDA receptor involves opening of the ...
- Amphetamine addiction, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
Amphetamine addiction, organism-specific biosystemAmphetamine is a psychostimulant drug that exerts persistent addictive effects. Most addictive drugs increase extracellular concentrations of dopamine (DA) in nucleus accumbens (NAc) and medial prefr...
- Amphetamine addiction, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
Amphetamine addiction, conserved biosystemAmphetamine is a psychostimulant drug that exerts persistent addictive effects. Most addictive drugs increase extracellular concentrations of dopamine (DA) in nucleus accumbens (NAc) and medial prefr...
- Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), organism-specific biosystemAmyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive, lethal, degenerative disorder of motor neurons. The hallmark of this disease is the selective death of motor neurons in the brain and spinal cord...
- Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), organism-specific biosystemAmyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive, lethal, degenerative disorder of motor neurons. The hallmark of this disease is the selective death of motor neurons in the brain and spinal cord...
- Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), conserved biosystemAmyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive, lethal, degenerative disorder of motor neurons. The hallmark of this disease is the selective death of motor neurons in the brain and spinal cord...
- Asparagine N-linked glycosylation, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Asparagine N-linked glycosylation, organism-specific biosystemN-linked glycosylation is the most important form of post-translational modification for proteins synthesized and folded in the Endoplasmic Reticulum (Stanley et al. 2009). An early study in 1999 rev...
- Association Between Physico-Chemical Features and Toxicity Associated Pathways, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
Association Between Physico-Chemical Features and Toxicity Associated Pathways, organism-specific biosystemThis pathway is based on Figure 8 of "Mapping drug physico-chemical features to pathway activity reveals molecular networks linked to toxicity outcome."(See bibliography). These 3 pathways demonstr...
- Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystemBrain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a neurotrophin essential for growth, differentiation, plasticity, and survival of neurons. BDNF is also required for processes such as energy metabolism, b...
- COPII (Coat Protein 2) Mediated Vesicle Transport, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
COPII (Coat Protein 2) Mediated Vesicle Transport, organism-specific biosystemCOPII components (known as Sec13p, Sec23p, Sec24p, Sec31p, and Sar1p in yeast) traffic cargo from the endoplasmic reticulum to the ER-Golgi intermediate compartment (ERGIC). COPII-coated vesicles wer...
- Cargo concentration in the ER, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Cargo concentration in the ER, organism-specific biosystemComputational analysis suggests that ~25% of the proteome may be exported from the ER in human cells (Kanapin et al, 2003). These cargo need to be recognized and concentrated into COPII vesicles, wh...
- Circadian entrainment, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
Circadian entrainment, organism-specific biosystemCircadian entrainment is a fundamental property by which the period of the internal biological clock is entrained by recurring exogenous signals, such that the organism's endocrine and behavioral rhy...
- Circadian entrainment, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
Circadian entrainment, conserved biosystemCircadian entrainment is a fundamental property by which the period of the internal biological clock is entrained by recurring exogenous signals, such that the organism's endocrine and behavioral rhy...
- Common Pathways Underlying Drug Addiction, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
Common Pathways Underlying Drug Addiction, organism-specific biosystemThe pathway was modeled after Figure 2 in Li, et al. 2008 and is based on the common pathways identified in their study as well as protein interaction data. Specifically, glutamate and dopamine neuro...
- Dopaminergic synapse, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
Dopaminergic synapse, organism-specific biosystemDopamine (DA) is an important and prototypical slow neurotransmitter in the mammalian brain, where it controls a variety of functions including locomotor activity, motivation and reward, learning an...
- Dopaminergic synapse, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
Dopaminergic synapse, conserved biosystemDopamine (DA) is an important and prototypical slow neurotransmitter in the mammalian brain, where it controls a variety of functions including locomotor activity, motivation and reward, learning an...
- EPHB forward signaling, organism-specific biosystem (from Pathway Interaction Database)
EPHB forward signaling, organism-specific biosystem
EPHB forward signaling
- ER to Golgi Anterograde Transport, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
ER to Golgi Anterograde Transport, organism-specific biosystemSecretory cargo destined to be secreted or to arrive at the plasma membrane (PM) leaves the ER via distinct exit sites. This cargo is destined for the Golgi apparatus for further processing.
- Glutamate Binding, Activation of AMPA Receptors and Synaptic Plasticity, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Glutamate Binding, Activation of AMPA Receptors and Synaptic Plasticity, organism-specific biosystemExcitatory synaptic transmission in the brain is carried out by glutamate receptors through the activation of both ionotropic and metabotropic receptors. Ionotropic glutamate receptors are of three ...
- Glutamatergic synapse, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
Glutamatergic synapse, organism-specific biosystemGlutamate is the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the mammalian central nervous system(CNS). Glutamate is packaged into synaptic vesicles in the presynaptic terminal. Once released into the synap...
- Glutamatergic synapse, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
Glutamatergic synapse, conserved biosystemGlutamate is the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the mammalian central nervous system(CNS). Glutamate is packaged into synaptic vesicles in the presynaptic terminal. Once released into the synap...
- Long-term depression, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
Long-term depression, organism-specific biosystemCerebellar long-term depression (LTD), thought to be a molecular and cellular basis for cerebellar learning, is a process involving a decrease in the synaptic strength between parallel fiber (PF) and...
- Long-term depression, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
Long-term depression, conserved biosystemCerebellar long-term depression (LTD), thought to be a molecular and cellular basis for cerebellar learning, is a process involving a decrease in the synaptic strength between parallel fiber (PF) and...
- Long-term potentiation, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
Long-term potentiation, organism-specific biosystemHippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP), a long-lasting increase in synaptic efficacy, is the molecular basis for learning and memory. Tetanic stimulation of afferents in the CA1 region of the hippo...
- Long-term potentiation, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
Long-term potentiation, conserved biosystemHippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP), a long-lasting increase in synaptic efficacy, is the molecular basis for learning and memory. Tetanic stimulation of afferents in the CA1 region of the hippo...
- MECP2 and Associated Rett Syndrome, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
MECP2 and Associated Rett Syndrome, organism-specific biosystemMecp2 is in many mammals an important regulator of neuronal function and development. It affects all cell types, especially neurons but also astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and glial cells. Mecp2 plays...
- Membrane Trafficking, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Membrane Trafficking, organism-specific biosystemThe secretory membrane system allows a cell to regulate delivery of newly synthesized proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids to the cell surface, a necessity for growth and homeostasis. The system is ma...
- Metabolism of proteins, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Metabolism of proteins, organism-specific biosystemProtein metabolism comprises the pathways of translation, post-translational modification and protein folding.
- Neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
Neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction, organism-specific biosystem
Neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction
- Neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
Neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction, conserved biosystem
Neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction
- Neuronal System, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Neuronal System, organism-specific biosystemThe human brain contains at least 100 billion neurons, each with the ability to influence many other cells. Clearly, highly sophisticated and efficient mechanisms are needed to enable communication a...
- Neurotransmitter Receptor Binding And Downstream Transmission In The Postsynaptic Cell, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Neurotransmitter Receptor Binding And Downstream Transmission In The Postsynaptic Cell, organism-specific biosystemThe neurotransmitter in the synaptic cleft released by the pre-synaptic neuron binds specific receptors located on the post-synaptic terminal. These receptors are either ion channels or G protein cou...
- Nicotine addiction, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
Nicotine addiction, organism-specific biosystemNicotine is one of the main psychoactive ingredients in tobacco that contributes to the harmful tobacco smoking habit. A common feature of addictive drugs, including nicotine, is that they increase d...
- Nicotine addiction, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
Nicotine addiction, conserved biosystemNicotine is one of the main psychoactive ingredients in tobacco that contributes to the harmful tobacco smoking habit. A common feature of addictive drugs, including nicotine, is that they increase d...
- Post-translational protein modification, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Post-translational protein modification, organism-specific biosystemAfter translation, many newly formed proteins undergo further covalent modifications that alter their functional properties and that are essentially irreversible under physiological conditions in the...
- Protein-protein interactions at synapses, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Protein-protein interactions at synapses, organism-specific biosystemSynapses constitute highly specialized sites of asymmetric cell-cell adhesion and intercellular communication. Its formation involves the recruitment of presynaptic and postsynaptic molecules at newl...
- Retrograde endocannabinoid signaling, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
Retrograde endocannabinoid signaling, organism-specific biosystemEndogenous cannabinoids (endocannabinoids) serve as retrograde messengers at synapses in various regions of the brain. The family of endocannabinoids includes at least five derivatives of arachidonic...
- Retrograde endocannabinoid signaling, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
Retrograde endocannabinoid signaling, conserved biosystemEndogenous cannabinoids (endocannabinoids) serve as retrograde messengers at synapses in various regions of the brain. The family of endocannabinoids includes at least five derivatives of arachidonic...
- SALM protein interactions at the synapses, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
SALM protein interactions at the synapses, organism-specific biosystemRecruitment of receptors and ion channels to the postsynaptic membrane is the last step in synapse formation. Many of these proteins interact directly or indirectly with postsynaptic density-95 (PSD9...
- Trafficking of AMPA receptors, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Trafficking of AMPA receptors, organism-specific biosystemRepetitive presynaptic activity causes long lasting changes in the postsynaptic transmission by changing the type and the number of AMPA receptors. These changes are brought about by trafficking mec...
- Trafficking of GluR2-containing AMPA receptors, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Trafficking of GluR2-containing AMPA receptors, organism-specific biosystemTrafficking of GluR2-containing receptors is governed by protein protein interactions that are regulated by phosphorylation events. GluR2 binds NSF and AP2 in the proximal C terminal region and binds...
- Transmission across Chemical Synapses, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Transmission across Chemical Synapses, organism-specific biosystemChemical synapses are specialized junctions that are used for communication between neurons, neurons and muscle or gland cells. The synapse involves a pre-synaptic neuron and a post-synaptic neuron,...
- Transport to the Golgi and subsequent modification, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Transport to the Golgi and subsequent modification, organism-specific biosystemAt least two mechanisms of transport of proteins from the ER to the Golgi have been described. One is a general flow requiring no export signals (Wieland et al, 1987; Martinez-Menarguez et al, 1999)....
- Unblocking of NMDA receptor, glutamate binding and activation, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Unblocking of NMDA receptor, glutamate binding and activation, organism-specific biosystemAt resting membrane potential the NMDA receptor is blocked by extracellular Mg2+ ions and therefore is not activated in this state by ligands (glutamate, glycine, NMDA). The voltage block is removed ...
- Vesicle-mediated transport, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Vesicle-mediated transport, organism-specific biosystemThe transit of proteins and other cargo through the cell requires a cellular transport process in which transported substances are moved in membrane-bounded vesicles. Transported substances are enclo...
- cAMP signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
cAMP signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystemcAMP is one of the most common and universal second messengers, and its formation is promoted by adenylyl cyclase (AC) activation after ligation of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) by ligands incl...
- cAMP signaling pathway, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
cAMP signaling pathway, conserved biosystemcAMP is one of the most common and universal second messengers, and its formation is promoted by adenylyl cyclase (AC) activation after ligation of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) by ligands incl...