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ARTN artemin [ Homo sapiens (human) ]

Gene ID: 9048, updated on 3-Mar-2026
Official Symbol
ARTNprovided by HGNC
Official Full Name
arteminprovided by HGNC
Primary source
HGNC:HGNC:727
See related
Ensembl:ENSG00000117407 MIM:603886; AllianceGenome:HGNC:727
Gene type
protein coding
RefSeq status
REVIEWED
Organism
Homo sapiens
Lineage
Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
Also known as
ART; EVN; NBN; ENOVIN
Summary
This gene encodes a secreted ligand of the glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) subfamily and TGF-beta (transforming growth factor-beta) superfamily of proteins. Ligands of this family bind various TGF-beta receptors leading to recruitment and activation of SMAD family transcription factors that regulate gene expression. The encoded preproprotein is proteolytically processed to generate each subunit of the disulfide-linked homodimer. This protein signals through the RET receptor and GFR alpha 3 coreceptor, and supports the survival of a number of peripheral neuron populations and at least one population of dopaminergic CNS neurons. This protein has also been shown to promote tumor growth, metastasis, and drug resistance in mammary carcinoma. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2016]
Expression
Broad expression in placenta (RPKM 1.0), prostate (RPKM 0.9) and 20 other tissues See more
Orthologs
all
Try the new Gene page
Try the new Transcripts and proteins table
See ARTN in Genome Data Viewer
Location:
1p34.1
Exon count:
3
Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
RS_2025_08 current GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40) 1 NC_000001.11 (43933801..43937240)
RS_2025_08 current T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1) 1 NC_060925.1 (43802329..43808317)
RS_2024_09 previous assembly GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25) 1 NC_000001.10 (44399473..44402912)

Chromosome 1 - NC_000001.11Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene ST3 beta-galactoside alpha-2,3-sialyltransferase 3 Neighboring gene OCT4-NANOG-H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr1:44306354-44307342 Neighboring gene OCT4-NANOG-H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr1:44307343-44308331 Neighboring gene microRNA 6079 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr1:44323792-44324410 Neighboring gene SHMT1 pseudogene 1 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 925 Neighboring gene H3K27ac hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr1:44336631-44337131 Neighboring gene Sharpr-MPRA regulatory region 749 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr1:44365355-44366213 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr1:44379389-44380204 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr1:44386271-44387086 Neighboring gene Sharpr-MPRA regulatory region 11119 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 926 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr1:44397735-44398235 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 927 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 792 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 793 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr1:44401004-44401598 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr1:44401599-44402193 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 795 Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC101929609 Neighboring gene long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 2918

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

  • Project title: Tissue-specific circular RNA induction during human fetal development
  • Description: 35 human fetal samples from 6 tissues (3 - 7 replicates per tissue) collected between 10 and 20 weeks gestational time were sequenced using Illumina TruSeq Stranded Total RNA
  • BioProject: PRJNA270632
  • Publication: PMID 26076956
  • Analysis date: Mon Apr 2 22:54:59 2018

Related articles in PubMed

  1. Anti-amyloidogenic effect of artemin on α-synuclein. Marvastizadeh N, et al. Biol Chem, 2020 Sep 25. PMID 32673279
  2. Enovin, a member of the glial cell-line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) family with growth promoting activity on neuronal cells. Existence and tissue-specific expression of different splice variants. Masure S, et al. Eur J Biochem, 1999 Dec. PMID 10583383
  3. Artemin crystal structure reveals insights into heparan sulfate binding. Silvian L, et al. Biochemistry, 2006 Jun 6. PMID 16734417
  4. Artemin is oncogenic for human mammary carcinoma cells. Kang J, et al. Oncogene, 2009 May 14. PMID 19363524
  5. Artemin stimulates oncogenicity and invasiveness of human endometrial carcinoma cells. Pandey V, et al. Endocrinology, 2010 Mar. PMID 20118197

See all (44) citations in PubMed

GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?
  1. Human splenic TER cells: A relevant prognostic factor acting via the artemin-GFRalpha3-ERK pathway in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.
    Title: Human splenic TER cells: A relevant prognostic factor acting via the artemin-GFRα3-ERK pathway in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.
  2. Anti-amyloidogenic effect of artemin on alpha-synuclein.
    Title: Anti-amyloidogenic effect of artemin on α-synuclein.
  3. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder risk alleles correlated with increased expression (and decreased methylation) of ARTN and PIDD1 and with a decreased expression (and increased methylation) of C2orf82.
    Title: Exploring genetic variation that influences brain methylation in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.
  4. In human skin, either with or without atopic dermatitis (AD), there was negative correlation between the staining intensity of HSD11beta1 and ARTN. The mechanism of skin sensitivity in AD could be explained partly by decreased HSD11beta1 expression and subsequent ARTN overexpression.
    Title: Attenuated Activation of Homeostatic Glucocorticoid in Keratinocytes Induces Alloknesis via Aberrant Artemin Production.
  5. Artemin induced CXCR4 expression.
    Title: Artemin regulates CXCR4 expression to induce migration and invasion in pancreatic cancer cells through activation of NF-κB signaling.
  6. Artemin could promote the proliferation and invasiveness of lung cancer cells in vitro and therefore could be a new potential target to combat lung cancer.
    Title: Role of artemin in non-small cell lung cancer.
  7. The data suggest that ARTN and MMP-9 are involved in the occurrence, development, invasion and metastasis of EC, and play a synergistic role in the development of EC and lymphatic metastasis.
    Title: Expression and clinical significance of ARTN and MMP-9 in endometrial carcinoma.
  8. AhR activation and ARTN expression were positively correlated in the epidermis of patients with atopic dermatitis.
    Title: The aryl hydrocarbon receptor AhR links atopic dermatitis and air pollution via induction of the neurotrophic factor artemin.
  9. Report the activity, pharmacokinetics, conformational dynamics and biophysical properties of different glycoforms of ART.
    Title: Investigating the Role of Artemin Glycosylation.
  10. High ARTN increased xenograft tumor size and metastasis in hepatocellular carcinoma.
    Title: Artemin is hypoxia responsive and promotes oncogenicity and increased tumor initiating capacity in hepatocellular carcinoma.
Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (35)

Find tests for this gene in the NIH Genetic Testing Registry (GTR)

Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

See variants in ClinVar

See studies and variants in dbVar

See Variation Viewer (GRCh37.p13)

Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

Homology

Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

Function Evidence Code Pubs
enables glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor receptor binding IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
enables growth factor activity IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
enables growth factor activity IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
enables growth factor activity IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
enables protein binding IPI
Inferred from Physical Interaction
more info
 PubMed 
enables receptor tyrosine kinase binding IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
enables signaling receptor binding IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
enables signaling receptor binding TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
 PubMed 
Process Evidence Code Pubs
involved_in Peyer's patch morphogenesis IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor receptor signaling pathway IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
involved_in glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor receptor signaling pathway IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in lymphocyte migration into lymphoid organs IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in nervous system development IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in neuroblast proliferation TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in neuron projection development IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
involved_in peripheral nervous system development IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in signal transduction TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
 PubMed 
Component Evidence Code Pubs
located_in extracellular region IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
located_in extracellular region TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
  
is_active_in extracellular space IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
is_active_in extracellular space IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
located_in extracellular space IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
Preferred Names
artemin
Names
neublastin

NEW Try the new Transcript table

RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. NM_001136215.2 → NP_001129687.1  artemin isoform 3

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001129687.1

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (5) differs in the 5' UTR and uses an alternate in-frame splice site in the coding region, compared to variant 2. The encoded isoform (3) is longer and lacks a predicted signal peptide compared to isoform 1. Both variants 4 and 5 encode the same isoform (3).
    Source sequence(s)
    AF120274, BC062375
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS502.1
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    Q5T4W7
    Related
    ENSP00000436727.1, ENST00000498139.6
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    pfam00019
    Location:129 → 226
    TGF_beta; Transforming growth factor beta like domain

  2. NM_057090.3 → NP_476431.2  artemin isoform 3

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_476431.2

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (4) uses an alternate in-frame splice site in the coding region, compared to variant 2. The encoded isoform (3) is longer and lacks a predicted signal peptide compared to isoform 1. Both variants 4 and 5 encode the same isoform (3).
    Source sequence(s)
    AF120274, BC062375
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS502.1
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    Q5T4W7
    Related
    ENSP00000387435.3, ENST00000414809.7
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    pfam00019
    Location:129 → 226
    TGF_beta; Transforming growth factor beta like domain

  3. NM_057091.3 → NP_476432.2  artemin isoform 1 preproprotein

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_476432.2

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (2) encodes the shorter isoform (1).
    Source sequence(s)
    AF120274, BC062375
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS501.1
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    D3DPY1, D3DPY3, O95441, O96030, Q5T4W7, Q6P6A3
    Related
    ENSP00000361434.5, ENST00000372359.10
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    pfam00019
    Location:121 → 218
    TGF_beta; Transforming growth factor beta like domain

RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001405.40-RS_2025_08

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

Genomic

  1. NC_000001.11 Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

    Range
    43933801..43937240
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. XM_047433657.1 → XP_047289613.1  artemin isoform X1

    Related
    ENSP00000633470.1, ENST00000963411.1

  2. XM_047433665.1 → XP_047289621.1  artemin isoform X2

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    D3DPY1, D3DPY3, O95441, O96030, Q5T4W7, Q6P6A3
    Related
    ENSP00000361429.3, ENST00000372354.3

Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

Genomic

  1. NC_060925.1 Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

    Range
    43802329..43808317
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. XM_054339510.1 → XP_054195485.1  artemin isoform X1

  2. XM_054339511.1 → XP_054195486.1  artemin isoform X2

Suppressed Reference Sequence(s)

The following Reference Sequences have been suppressed. Explain

  1. NM_003976.3: Suppressed sequence

    Description
    NM_003976.3: This RefSeq was permanently suppressed because currently there is insufficient support for the transcript.

  2. NM_057160.2: Suppressed sequence

    Description
    NM_057160.2: This RefSeq was permanently suppressed because currently there is insufficient support for the transcript and the protein.
Nucleotide Protein
Heading Accession and Version
Protein Accession Links
GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
Q5T4W7.1 GenPept UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:Q5T4W7

Gene LinkOut

The following LinkOut resources are supplied by external providers. These providers are responsible for maintaining the links.

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