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CBR1 carbonyl reductase 1 [ Homo sapiens (human) ]

Gene ID: 873, updated on 25-Nov-2025
Official Symbol
CBR1provided by HGNC
Official Full Name
carbonyl reductase 1provided by HGNC
Primary source
HGNC:HGNC:1548
See related
Ensembl:ENSG00000159228 MIM:114830; AllianceGenome:HGNC:1548
Gene type
protein coding
RefSeq status
REVIEWED
Organism
Homo sapiens
Lineage
Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
Also known as
CBR; hCBR1; PG-9-KR; SDR21C1
Summary
The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases (SDR) family, which function as NADPH-dependent oxidoreductases having wide specificity for carbonyl compounds, such as quinones, prostaglandins, and various xenobiotics. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2013]
Expression
Broad expression in duodenum (RPKM 163.2), small intestine (RPKM 98.7) and 19 other tissues See more
Orthologs
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See CBR1 in Genome Data Viewer
Location:
21q22.12
Exon count:
3
Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
RS_2025_08 current GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40) 21 NC_000021.9 (36070024..36073164)
RS_2025_08 current T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1) 21 NC_060945.1 (34453083..34456223)
RS_2024_09 previous assembly GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25) 21 NC_000021.8 (37442322..37445462)

Chromosome 21 - NC_000021.9Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene SETD4 antisense RNA 1 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 18423 Neighboring gene RNA, U6 small nuclear 992, pseudogene Neighboring gene CBR1 antisense RNA 1 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 18424 Neighboring gene OCT4-NANOG-H3K27ac hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr21:37471927-37472788 Neighboring gene H3K27ac hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr21:37477035-37477536 Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC105369306 Neighboring gene MPRA-validated peak4410 silencer Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 18425 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 18426 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr21:37485624-37486136 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 18427 Neighboring gene MEMO1 pseudogene 1 Neighboring gene CBR3 antisense RNA 1

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

  • Project title: Tissue-specific circular RNA induction during human fetal development
  • Description: 35 human fetal samples from 6 tissues (3 - 7 replicates per tissue) collected between 10 and 20 weeks gestational time were sequenced using Illumina TruSeq Stranded Total RNA
  • BioProject: PRJNA270632
  • Publication: PMID 26076956
  • Analysis date: Mon Apr 2 22:54:59 2018

Related articles in PubMed

  1. A functional genetic polymorphism on human carbonyl reductase 1 (CBR1 V88I) impacts on catalytic activity and NADPH binding affinity. Gonzalez-Covarrubias V, et al. Drug Metab Dispos, 2007 Jun. PMID 17344335, Free PMC Article
  2. Carboxyethyllysine in a protein: native carbonyl reductase/NADP(+)-dependent prostaglandin dehydrogenase. Krook M, et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 1993 Jan 15. PMID 8421682, Free PMC Article
  3. Human carbonyl reductase (CBR) localized to band 21q22.1 by high-resolution fluorescence in situ hybridization displays gene dosage effects in trisomy 21 cells. Lemieux N, et al. Genomics, 1993 Jan. PMID 8432528
  4. Decreased expression of carbonyl reductase 1 promotes ovarian cancer growth and proliferation. Osawa Y, et al. Int J Oncol, 2015 Mar. PMID 25572536
  5. Identification of the reactive cysteine residue (Cys227) in human carbonyl reductase. Tinguely JN, et al. Eur J Biochem, 1999 Feb. PMID 10091578

See all (160) citations in PubMed

GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?
  1. [Altered expression of 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps].
    Title: [Altered expression of 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps].
  2. CBR1 is an efficient catalyst for the reduction of glutathionylated aldehydes derived from lipid peroxidation.
    Title: Human carbonyl reductase 1 as efficient catalyst for the reduction of glutathionylated aldehydes derived from lipid peroxidation.
  3. LncRNA MYMLR promotes pituitary adenoma development by upregulating carbonyl reductase 1 via sponging miR-197-3p.
    Title: LncRNA MYMLR promotes pituitary adenoma development by upregulating carbonyl reductase 1 via sponging miR-197-3p.
  4. Carbonyl Reductase 1 Attenuates Ischemic Brain Injury by Reducing Oxidative Stress and Neuroinflammation.
    Title: Carbonyl Reductase 1 Attenuates Ischemic Brain Injury by Reducing Oxidative Stress and Neuroinflammation.
  5. Transcription of carbonyl reductase 1 is regulated by DNA topoisomerase II beta.
    Title: Transcription of carbonyl reductase 1 is regulated by DNA topoisomerase II beta.
  6. Dehydrogenase/reductase activity of human carbonyl reductase 1 with NADP(H) acting as a prosthetic group.
    Title: Dehydrogenase/reductase activity of human carbonyl reductase 1 with NADP(H) acting as a prosthetic group.
  7. These findings suggest that CBR1 generating 20beta-dihydrocortisol is a novel pathway modulating GR activation and providing enzymatic protection against excessive GR activation in obesity.
    Title: Carbonyl reductase 1 catalyzes 20β-reduction of glucocorticoids, modulating receptor activation and metabolic complications of obesity.
  8. Findings suggest that CBR1 has an important role in DNA damage response through regulation of irradiation-mediated ROS generation causing to regulation of radiosensitivity, and CBR1 inhibition with IR might be a potent therapeutic strategy for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma treatment.
    Title: Carbonyl reductase 1 is a new target to improve the effect of radiotherapy on head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.
  9. This study examined the impact of the functional single nucleotide polymorphism CBR1 rs9024 on the bioactivation of loxoprofen in a collection of human liver samples and tumor cell lines.
    Title: CBR1 rs9024 genotype status impacts the bioactivation of loxoprofen in human liver.
  10. The ability of human carbonyl reductase 1 to efficiently catalyze the reduction of glutathionylated aldehydes derived from lipid peroxidation, that in the case of glutathionylated-4-hydroxyalkanals is associated to the ability to oxidize the hemiacetal hydroxyl group
    Title: Kinetic features of carbonyl reductase 1 acting on glutathionylated aldehydes.
Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (41)

Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

See variants in ClinVar

See studies and variants in dbVar

See Variation Viewer (GRCh37.p13)

See Variation Viewer (GRCh38)

Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

Markers

Homology

Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

Function Evidence Code Pubs
enables 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
enables 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
  
enables 15-hydroxyprostaglandin-D dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
enables S-nitrosoglutathione reductase (NADPH) activity IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
enables alcohol dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
enables alcohol dehydrogenase [NAD(P)+] activity IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
enables carbonyl reductase (NADPH) activity IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
enables carbonyl reductase (NADPH) activity IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
enables carbonyl reductase (NADPH) activity IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
enables carbonyl reductase (NADPH) activity TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
 PubMed 
enables oxidoreductase activity IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
enables oxidoreductase activity, acting on NAD(P)H, quinone or similar compound as acceptor IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
enables oxidoreductase activity, acting on NAD(P)H, quinone or similar compound as acceptor IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
enables oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-OH group of donors, NAD or NADP as acceptor IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
enables oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-OH group of donors, NAD or NADP as acceptor IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
enables prostaglandin E2 9-reductase activity EXP
Inferred from Experiment
more info
 PubMed 
enables prostaglandin E2 9-reductase activity IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
enables prostaglandin E2 9-reductase activity ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
  
enables protein binding IPI
Inferred from Physical Interaction
more info
 PubMed 
Process Evidence Code Pubs
involved_in epithelial cell differentiation IEP
Inferred from Expression Pattern
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in glucocorticoid metabolic process IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in lipid metabolic process IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in positive regulation of reactive oxygen species metabolic process IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in prostanoid biosynthetic process TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
  
involved_in vitamin K metabolic process IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in xenobiotic metabolic process IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
Component Evidence Code Pubs
located_in cytoplasm IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
located_in cytosol IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
  
located_in cytosol TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
  
located_in extracellular exosome HDA PubMed 
located_in extracellular vesicle HDA PubMed 
Preferred Names
carbonyl reductase [NADPH] 1
Names
15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase
20-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase
NADPH-dependent carbonyl reductase 1
alcohol dehydrogenase [NAD(P)+] CBR1
carbonyl reductase (NADPH) 1
epididymis secretory sperm binding protein
prostaglandin 9-ketoreductase
prostaglandin-E(2) 9-reductase
short chain dehydrogenase/reductase family 21C member 1
NP_001273718.1
NP_001748.1

NEW Try the new Transcript table

RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. NM_001286789.2 → NP_001273718.1  carbonyl reductase [NADPH] 1 isoform 2

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001273718.1

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (2) uses an alternate acceptor splice site at the 3' terminal exon that causes a frame-shift compared to variant 1. The resulting shorter isoform (2) has a distinct C-terminus compared to isoform 1.
    Source sequence(s)
    AK294142, AK311219
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS68202.1
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    P16152
    Related
    ENSP00000434613.1, ENST00000530908.5
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    cl21454
    Location:6 → 131
    NADB_Rossmann; Rossmann-fold NAD(P)(+)-binding proteins

  2. NM_001757.4 → NP_001748.1  carbonyl reductase [NADPH] 1 isoform 1

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001748.1

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (1) encodes the longer isoform (1).
    Source sequence(s)
    AB124848
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS13641.1
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    B2RBZ7, B4DFK7, P16152, Q3LHW8
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    A0A384NL53
    Related
    ENSP00000290349.6, ENST00000290349.11
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    cd05324
    Location:6 → 277
    carb_red_PTCR-like_SDR_c; Porcine testicular carbonyl reductase (PTCR)-like, classical (c) SDRs

RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001405.40-RS_2025_08

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

Genomic

  1. NC_000021.9 Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

    Range
    36070024..36073164
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

Genomic

  1. NC_060945.1 Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

    Range
    34453083..34456223
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)
Nucleotide Protein
Heading Accession and Version
Protein Accession Links
GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
P16152.3 GenPept UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:P16152

Gene LinkOut

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