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PARG poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase [ Homo sapiens (human) ]

Gene ID: 8505, updated on 2-Nov-2024

Summary

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Official Symbol
PARGprovided by HGNC
Official Full Name
poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolaseprovided by HGNC
Primary source
HGNC:HGNC:8605
See related
Ensembl:ENSG00000227345 MIM:603501; AllianceGenome:HGNC:8605
Gene type
protein coding
RefSeq status
REVIEWED
Organism
Homo sapiens
Lineage
Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
Also known as
PARG99
Summary
Poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase (PARG) is the major enzyme responsible for the catabolism of poly(ADP-ribose), a reversible covalent-modifier of chromosomal proteins. The protein is found in many tissues and may be subject to proteolysis generating smaller, active products. Several transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2015]
Expression
Ubiquitous expression in kidney (RPKM 6.5), testis (RPKM 6.1) and 25 other tissues See more
Orthologs
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Genomic context

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See PARG in Genome Data Viewer
Location:
10q11.23
Exon count:
21
Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
RS_2024_08 current GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40) 10 NC_000010.11 (49818279..49942027, complement)
RS_2024_08 current T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1) 10 NC_060934.1 (50667926..50791669, complement)
RS_2024_09 previous assembly GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25) 10 NC_000010.10 (51026325..51371371, complement)

Chromosome 10 - NC_000010.11Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene mitogen-activated protein kinase 6 pseudogene 6 Neighboring gene ribosomal protein L21 pseudogene 89 Neighboring gene OCT4-NANOG-H3K27ac hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr10:51038955-51039720 Neighboring gene OCT4-NANOG-H3K27ac hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr10:51039721-51040484 Neighboring gene Sharpr-MPRA regulatory region 10647 Neighboring gene ribosomal protein L35a pseudogene 24 Neighboring gene H3K27ac hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr10:51133929-51134429 Neighboring gene TIMM23B-AGAP6 readthrough (NMD candidate) Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 3355 Neighboring gene translocase of inner mitochondrial membrane 23 homolog B Neighboring gene small nucleolar RNA, H/ACA box 74C-2 Neighboring gene RNA, 5S ribosomal pseudogene 317

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Expression

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  • Project title: HPA RNA-seq normal tissues HPA RNA-seq normal tissues
  • Description: RNA-seq was performed of tissue samples from 95 human individuals representing 27 different tissues in order to determine tissue-specificity of all protein-coding genes
  • BioProject: PRJEB4337
  • Publication: PMID 24309898
  • Analysis date: Wed Apr 4 07:08:55 2018

Bibliography

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Related articles in PubMed

  1. Radiation-induced mitotic catastrophe in PARG-deficient cells. Amé JC, et al. J Cell Sci, 2009 Jun 15. PMID 19454480
  2. PARG has a robust endo-glycohydrolase activity that releases protein-free poly(ADP-ribose) chains. Pourfarjam Y, et al. Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 2020 Jun 30. PMID 32439163
  3. Poly (ADP) Ribose Glycohydrolase Can Be Effectively Targeted in Pancreatic Cancer. Jain A, et al. Cancer Res, 2019 Sep 1. PMID 31273064, Free PMC Article
  4. Oncogenic activity of poly (ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase. Marques M, et al. Oncogene, 2019 Mar. PMID 30459355, Free PMC Article
  5. Specific killing of DNA damage-response deficient cells with inhibitors of poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase. Gravells P, et al. DNA Repair (Amst), 2017 Apr. PMID 28254358, Free PMC Article

See all (86) citations in PubMed

GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?
  1. PARG Promotes Esophagus Cancer Cell Metastasis by Activation of the Wnt/beta-Catenin Pathway.
    Title: PARG Promotes Esophagus Cancer Cell Metastasis by Activation of the Wnt/β-Catenin Pathway.
  2. O-GlcNAc has crosstalk with ADP-ribosylation via PARG.
    Title: O-GlcNAc has crosstalk with ADP-ribosylation via PARG.
  3. Upregulation of PARG in prostate cancer cells suppresses their malignant behavior and downregulates tumor-promoting genes.
    Title: Upregulation of PARG in prostate cancer cells suppresses their malignant behavior and downregulates tumor-promoting genes.
  4. Unrestrained poly-ADP-ribosylation provides insights into chromatin regulation and human disease.
    Title: Unrestrained poly-ADP-ribosylation provides insights into chromatin regulation and human disease.
  5. PARG overexpression partially but significantly inhibited ASK3 dephosphorylation under hyperosmotic stress, while the glycohydrolase-inactive PARG mutant did not.
    Title: Cells recognize osmotic stress through liquid-liquid phase separation lubricated with poly(ADP-ribose).
  6. Regulation of ALT-associated homology-directed repair by polyADP-ribosylation.
    Title: Regulation of ALT-associated homology-directed repair by polyADP-ribosylation.
  7. PARG has a robust endo-glycohydrolase activity that releases protein-free poly(ADP-ribose) chains.
    Title: PARG has a robust endo-glycohydrolase activity that releases protein-free poly(ADP-ribose) chains.
  8. PARG, an enzyme family that hydrolyzes poly(ADP-ribose), is sufficient to dissociate damaged DNA-rich compartments in vitro and initiates the nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of FUS in cells.
    Title: PARP-1 Activation Directs FUS to DNA Damage Sites to Form PARG-Reversible Compartments Enriched in Damaged DNA.
  9. PARG role in the pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.
    Title: Poly (ADP) Ribose Glycohydrolase Can Be Effectively Targeted in Pancreatic Cancer.
  10. Oncogenic activity of poly (ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase
    Title: Oncogenic activity of poly (ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase.
Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (40)

Phenotypes

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Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

Variation

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See variants in ClinVar

See studies and variants in dbVar

See Variation Viewer (GRCh37.p13)

See Variation Viewer (GRCh38)

Genotypes

Pathways from PubChem

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Interactions

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Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

General gene information

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Markers

Homology

Clone Names

  • FLJ54459, FLJ60257, FLJ60456

Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

Function Evidence Code Pubs
enables poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase activity IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
enables poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase activity IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
enables poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase activity TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
  
enables protein binding IPI
Inferred from Physical Interaction
more info
 PubMed 
Process Evidence Code Pubs
involved_in ATP generation from poly-ADP-D-ribose IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
involved_in ATP generation from poly-ADP-D-ribose IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in base-excision repair, gap-filling TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
  
involved_in carbohydrate metabolic process IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in nucleotide-sugar metabolic process IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
involved_in regulation of DNA repair IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
Component Evidence Code Pubs
is_active_in cytoplasm IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
located_in cytosol IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
  
located_in mitochondrial matrix IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
located_in nuclear body IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
  
located_in nucleoplasm IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
  
located_in nucleoplasm TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
  
is_active_in nucleus IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
located_in nucleus IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 

General protein information

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Preferred Names
poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase
Names
mitochondrial poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase
NP_001290415.1
NP_001290416.1
NP_001290418.1
NP_001311310.1
NP_003622.2
XP_011538607.1
XP_047281877.1
XP_054223024.1

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. NM_001303486.3 → NP_001290415.1  poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase isoform b

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001290415.1

    Status: REVIEWED

    Source sequence(s)
    AC069546, AL731572, FP565721
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    Q0MQR4
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    pfam05028
    Location:499 → 827
    PARG_cat; Poly (ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase (PARG)

  2. NM_001303487.3 → NP_001290416.1  poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase isoform c

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001290416.1

    Status: REVIEWED

    Source sequence(s)
    AC069546, AL731572, FP565721
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    Q0MQR4
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    pfam05028
    Location:473 → 801
    PARG_cat; Poly (ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase (PARG)

  3. NM_001303489.3 → NP_001290418.1  poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase isoform d

    Status: REVIEWED

    Source sequence(s)
    AC069546, AL731572, FP565721
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    B4DX76
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    pfam05028
    Location:167 → 492
    PARG_cat; Poly (ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase (PARG)

  4. NM_001324381.3 → NP_001311310.1  poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase isoform b

    Status: REVIEWED

    Source sequence(s)
    AC069546, AL731572, FP565721
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    Q0MQR4
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    pfam05028
    Location:499 → 827
    PARG_cat; Poly (ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase (PARG)

  5. NM_003631.5 → NP_003622.2  poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase isoform a

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_003622.2

    Status: REVIEWED

    Source sequence(s)
    AC069546, AL731572, FP565721
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS73130.1
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    A5YBK3, B2RC24, B4DIU5, B4DYR4, I6RUV3, Q6E4P6, Q6E4P7, Q7Z742, Q86W56, Q9Y4W7
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    Q0MQR4
    Related
    ENSP00000484285.1, ENST00000616448.2
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    pfam05028
    Location:581 → 909
    PARG_cat; Poly (ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase (PARG)

RNA

  1. NR_130168.3 RNA Sequence

    Status: REVIEWED

    Source sequence(s)
    AC069546, AL731572, FP565721

  2. NR_130169.3 RNA Sequence

    Status: REVIEWED

    Source sequence(s)
    AC069546, AL731572, FP565721

  3. NR_136752.3 RNA Sequence

    Status: REVIEWED

    Source sequence(s)
    AC069546, AL731572, FP565721

  4. NR_136753.3 RNA Sequence

    Status: REVIEWED

    Source sequence(s)
    AC069546, AL731572, FP565721

  5. NR_136754.3 RNA Sequence

    Status: REVIEWED

    Source sequence(s)
    AC069546, AL731572, FP565721
    Related
    ENST00000614063.4

  6. NR_136755.3 RNA Sequence

    Status: REVIEWED

    Source sequence(s)
    AC069546, AL731572, FP565721

  7. NR_136756.3 RNA Sequence

    Status: REVIEWED

    Source sequence(s)
    AC069546, AL731572, FP565721

RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001405.40-RS_2024_08

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

Genomic

  1. NC_000010.11 Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

    Range
    49818279..49942027 complement
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. XM_011540305.2 → XP_011538607.1  poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase isoform X1

    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    Q0MQR4
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    pfam05028
    Location:540 → 868
    PARG_cat; Poly (ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase (PARG)

  2. XM_047425921.1 → XP_047281877.1  poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase isoform X2

RNA

  1. XR_007062014.1 RNA Sequence

Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

Genomic

  1. NC_060934.1 Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

    Range
    50667926..50791669 complement
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. XM_054367049.1 → XP_054223024.1  poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase isoform X2

RNA

  1. XR_008488305.1 RNA Sequence

Nucleotide Protein
Heading Accession and Version
Protein Accession Links
GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
Q86W56.1 GenPept UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:Q86W56

Gene LinkOut

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