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PKM pyruvate kinase M1/2 [ Homo sapiens (human) ]

Gene ID: 5315, updated on 3-Nov-2024

Summary

Official Symbol
PKMprovided by HGNC
Official Full Name
pyruvate kinase M1/2provided by HGNC
Primary source
HGNC:HGNC:9021
See related
Ensembl:ENSG00000067225 MIM:179050; AllianceGenome:HGNC:9021
Gene type
protein coding
RefSeq status
REVIEWED
Organism
Homo sapiens
Lineage
Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
Also known as
PK3; TCB; p58; OIP3; PKM2; CTHBP; THBP1; HEL-S-30
Summary
This gene encodes a protein involved in glycolysis. The encoded protein is a pyruvate kinase that catalyzes the transfer of a phosphoryl group from phosphoenolpyruvate to ADP, generating ATP and pyruvate. This protein has been shown to interact with thyroid hormone and may mediate cellular metabolic effects induced by thyroid hormones. This protein has been found to bind Opa protein, a bacterial outer membrane protein involved in gonococcal adherence to and invasion of human cells, suggesting a role of this protein in bacterial pathogenesis. Several alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding a few distinct isoforms have been reported. [provided by RefSeq, May 2011]
Expression
Ubiquitous expression in brain (RPKM 155.4), esophagus (RPKM 151.3) and 24 other tissues See more
Orthologs
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Genomic context

See PKM in Genome Data Viewer
Location:
15q23
Exon count:
17
Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
RS_2024_08 current GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40) 15 NC_000015.10 (72199029..72231591, complement)
RS_2024_08 current T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1) 15 NC_060939.1 (70015755..70047883, complement)
RS_2024_09 previous assembly GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25) 15 NC_000015.9 (72491370..72523531, complement)

Chromosome 15 - NC_000015.10Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene SUMO peptidase family member, NEDD8 specific Neighboring gene ribosomal protein L21 pseudogene 115 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 9712 Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC124903522 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 9713 Neighboring gene Sharpr-MPRA regulatory region 4122 Neighboring gene GRAM domain containing 2A Neighboring gene NANOG-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr15:72485963-72486586 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 9714 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 6617 Neighboring gene Sharpr-MPRA regulatory region 1213 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 9715 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 6618 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 6619 Neighboring gene MED14-independent group 3 enhancer GRCh37_chr15:72529434-72530633 Neighboring gene poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase family member 6 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 6620 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 9717 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 9718 Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC105370887

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

Expression

  • Project title: HPA RNA-seq normal tissues HPA RNA-seq normal tissues
  • Description: RNA-seq was performed of tissue samples from 95 human individuals representing 27 different tissues in order to determine tissue-specificity of all protein-coding genes
  • BioProject: PRJEB4337
  • Publication: PMID 24309898
  • Analysis date: Wed Apr 4 07:08:55 2018

Bibliography

GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

HIV-1 interactions

Protein interactions

Protein Gene Interaction Pubs
Envelope surface glycoprotein gp120 env Tandem affinity purification and mass spectrometry analysis identify pyruvate kinase of muscle (PKM), HIV-1 Gag, Gag/Pol, gp120, and Nef incorporated into staufen1 RNP complexes isolated from HIV-1-expressing cells PubMed
Envelope surface glycoprotein gp160, precursor env HIV-1 gp160 is identified to have a physical interaction with pyruvate kinase, muscle (PKM2) in human HEK293 and/or Jurkat cell lines by using affinity tagging and purification mass spectrometry analyses PubMed
Gag-Pol gag-pol Tandem affinity purification and mass spectrometry analysis identify pyruvate kinase of muscle (PKM), HIV-1 Gag, Gag/Pol, gp120, and Nef incorporated into staufen1 RNP complexes isolated from HIV-1-expressing cells PubMed
Nef nef Tandem affinity purification and mass spectrometry analysis identify pyruvate kinase of muscle (PKM), HIV-1 Gag, Gag/Pol, gp120, and Nef incorporated into staufen1 RNP complexes isolated from HIV-1-expressing cells PubMed
Pr55(Gag) gag Tandem affinity purification and mass spectrometry analysis identify pyruvate kinase of muscle (PKM), HIV-1 Gag, Gag/Pol, gp120, and Nef incorporated into staufen1 RNP complexes isolated from HIV-1-expressing cells PubMed
Tat tat Expression of HIV-1 Tat upregulates the abundance of pyruvate kinase, muscle (PKM) in the nucleoli of Jurkat T-cells PubMed
Vpr vpr A stable-isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture coupled with mass spectrometry-based proteomics identifies upregulation of pyruvate kinase, muscle (PKM) expression by HIV-1 Vpr in Vpr transduced macrophages PubMed
retropepsin gag-pol Positional proteomics analysis identifies the cleavage of human pyruvate kinase, muscle (PKM) at amino acid residues 306-307 and 359-361 by the HIV-1 protease PubMed

Go to the HIV-1, Human Interaction Database

Pathways from PubChem

Interactions

Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

General gene information

Markers

Clone Names

  • MGC3932

Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

Function Evidence Code Pubs
enables ATP binding IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
 
enables MHC class II protein complex binding HDA PubMed 
enables RNA binding HDA PubMed 
enables cadherin binding HDA PubMed 
NOT enables histone H3T11 kinase activity IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
enables histone H3T11 kinase activity IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
enables mRNA binding ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
 
enables magnesium ion binding IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
 
enables potassium ion binding IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
 
enables protein binding IPI
Inferred from Physical Interaction
more info
PubMed 
enables protein homodimerization activity IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
enables protein tyrosine kinase activity IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
enables protein tyrosine kinase activity IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
 
enables pyruvate kinase activity IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
 
enables pyruvate kinase activity IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
enables pyruvate kinase activity TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
PubMed 
enables transcription coactivator activity IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
Process Evidence Code Pubs
involved_in canonical glycolysis IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
 
involved_in cellular response to insulin stimulus IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
 
involved_in chromatin remodeling IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
 
involved_in glycolytic process IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
 
involved_in glycolytic process IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
involved_in glycolytic process IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
 
involved_in phosphorylation IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
 
involved_in positive regulation of cytoplasmic translation ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
 
involved_in positive regulation of sprouting angiogenesis IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
PubMed 
involved_in positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
involved_in programmed cell death IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 

General protein information

Preferred Names
pyruvate kinase PKM
Names
OPA-interacting protein 3
PK, muscle type
cytosolic thyroid hormone-binding protein
epididymis secretory protein Li 30
pyruvate kinase 2/3
pyruvate kinase isozymes M1/M2
pyruvate kinase muscle isozyme
pyruvate kinase, muscle
threonine-protein kinase PKM2
thyroid hormone-binding protein 1
thyroid hormone-binding protein, cytosolic
tumor M2-PK
tyrosine-protein kinase PKM2
NP_001193725.1
NP_001193726.1
NP_001193727.1
NP_001193728.1
NP_001303247.1
NP_001398010.1
NP_002645.3
NP_872270.1
NP_872271.1
XP_005254500.1
XP_005254502.1
XP_011519972.1
XP_047288618.1
XP_047288619.1
XP_047288620.1
XP_047288621.1
XP_047288622.1
XP_054234160.1
XP_054234161.1
XP_054234162.1
XP_054234163.1

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

NEW Try the new Transcript table

RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

Genomic

  1. NG_052978.2 RefSeqGene

    Range
    5401..37562
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. NM_001206796.3NP_001193725.1  pyruvate kinase PKM isoform c

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001193725.1

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (4) represents the longest transcript and encodes the longest isoform (c).
    Source sequence(s)
    AC020779
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS92037.1
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    A0A804F729, B4DRT3
    Related
    ENSP00000455901.2, ENST00000565154.6
    Conserved Domains (2) summary
    cd00288
    Location:116604
    Pyruvate_Kinase; Pyruvate kinase (PK): Large allosteric enzyme that regulates glycolysis through binding of the substrate, phosphoenolpyruvate, and one or more allosteric effectors. Like other allosteric enzymes, PK has a high substrate affinity R state and a low ...
    TIGR01064
    Location:117601
    pyruv_kin; pyruvate kinase
  2. NM_001206797.3NP_001193726.1  pyruvate kinase PKM isoform d

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001193726.1

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (5) differs in the 5' UTR and coding sequence, lacks an alternate in-frame segment, and has an alternate in-frame coding exon compared to variant 4. The resulting isoform (d) is shorter at the N-terminus, lacks an alternate internal segment, and has a different internal segment compared to isoform c.
    Source sequence(s)
    AC020779
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS73752.1
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    B4DNK4, B4DRT3
    Related
    ENSP00000373745.4, ENST00000389093.7
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    cd00288
    Location:42456
    Pyruvate_Kinase; Pyruvate kinase (PK): Large allosteric enzyme that regulates glycolysis through binding of the substrate, phosphoenolpyruvate, and one or more allosteric effectors. Like other allosteric enzymes, PK has a high substrate affinity R state and a low ...
  3. NM_001206798.3NP_001193727.1  pyruvate kinase PKM isoform e

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001193727.1

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (6) differs in the 5' UTR and coding sequence, lacks an alternate exon, and has an alternate in-frame coding exon compared to variant 4. The resulting isoform (e) has a shorter and distinct N-terminus, lacks an alternate internal segment, and has a different internal segment compared to isoform c.
    Source sequence(s)
    AC020779
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    B4DRT3
    Conserved Domains (2) summary
    cd00288
    Location:68515
    Pyruvate_Kinase; Pyruvate kinase (PK): Large allosteric enzyme that regulates glycolysis through binding of the substrate, phosphoenolpyruvate, and one or more allosteric effectors. Like other allosteric enzymes, PK has a high substrate affinity R state and a low ...
    TIGR01064
    Location:68512
    pyruv_kin; pyruvate kinase
  4. NM_001206799.2NP_001193728.1  pyruvate kinase PKM isoform f

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001193728.1

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (7) differs in the 5' UTR and coding sequence compared to variant 4. The resulting isoform (f) has a shorter and distinct N-terminus compared to isoform c.
    Source sequence(s)
    AC020779, AK294315, AK309781, BC000481, BC035198
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    B4DRT3
    Conserved Domains (2) summary
    cd00288
    Location:47535
    Pyruvate_Kinase; Pyruvate kinase (PK): Large allosteric enzyme that regulates glycolysis through binding of the substrate, phosphoenolpyruvate, and one or more allosteric effectors. Like other allosteric enzymes, PK has a high substrate affinity R state and a low ...
    TIGR01064
    Location:48532
    pyruv_kin; pyruvate kinase
  5. NM_001316318.2NP_001303247.1  pyruvate kinase PKM isoform g

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (8) lacks an alternate in-frame exon in the 5' end of the coding sequence compared to variant 4. The resulting isoform (g) has the same N- and C-termini but is shorter compared to isoform c.
    Source sequence(s)
    AC020779
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS92035.1
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    A0A804F6T5, B4DRT3
    Related
    ENSP00000455736.2, ENST00000565184.6
    Conserved Domains (2) summary
    cd00288
    Location:77565
    Pyruvate_Kinase; Pyruvate kinase (PK): Large allosteric enzyme that regulates glycolysis through binding of the substrate, phosphoenolpyruvate, and one or more allosteric effectors. Like other allosteric enzymes, PK has a high substrate affinity R state and a low ...
    TIGR01064
    Location:78562
    pyruv_kin; pyruvate kinase
  6. NM_001411081.1NP_001398010.1  pyruvate kinase PKM isoform h

    Status: REVIEWED

    Source sequence(s)
    AC020779
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS92036.1
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    A0A8V8TNX9
    Related
    ENSP00000513903.1, ENST00000698741.1
  7. NM_002654.6NP_002645.3  pyruvate kinase PKM isoform a

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_002645.3

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (1) differs in the 5' UTR and coding sequence and has an alternate in-frame coding exon compared to variant 4. The resulting isoform (a, also called M2) is shorter at the N-terminus and has a different internal segment compared to isoform c.
    Source sequence(s)
    AC020779
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS32284.1
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    A6NFK3, B2R5N8, B3KRY0, B4DFX8, B4DUU6, P14618, P14786, Q53GK4, Q96E76, Q9BWB5, Q9UCV6, Q9UPF2
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    B4DRT3, V9HWB8
    Related
    ENSP00000334983.5, ENST00000335181.10
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    cd00288
    Location:42530
    Pyruvate_Kinase; Pyruvate kinase (PK): Large allosteric enzyme that regulates glycolysis through binding of the substrate, phosphoenolpyruvate, and one or more allosteric effectors. Like other allosteric enzymes, PK has a high substrate affinity R state and a low ...
  8. NM_182470.4NP_872270.1  pyruvate kinase PKM isoform b

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_872270.1

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (2) differs in the 5' UTR and coding sequence compared to variant 4. The resulting isoform (b, also called M1) is shorter at the N-terminus compared to isoform c.
    Source sequence(s)
    AC020779
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS32285.1
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    B4DRT3
    Related
    ENSP00000320171.6, ENST00000319622.10
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    cd00288
    Location:42530
    Pyruvate_Kinase; Pyruvate kinase (PK): Large allosteric enzyme that regulates glycolysis through binding of the substrate, phosphoenolpyruvate, and one or more allosteric effectors. Like other allosteric enzymes, PK has a high substrate affinity R state and a low ...
  9. NM_182471.4NP_872271.1  pyruvate kinase PKM isoform b

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_872271.1

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (3) differs in the 5' UTR and coding sequence compared to variant 4. The resulting isoform (b, also called M1) is shorter at the N-terminus compared to isoform c.
    Source sequence(s)
    AC020779
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS32285.1
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    B4DRT3
    Related
    ENSP00000456970.1, ENST00000568459.5
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    cd00288
    Location:42530
    Pyruvate_Kinase; Pyruvate kinase (PK): Large allosteric enzyme that regulates glycolysis through binding of the substrate, phosphoenolpyruvate, and one or more allosteric effectors. Like other allosteric enzymes, PK has a high substrate affinity R state and a low ...

RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001405.40-RS_2024_08

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

Genomic

  1. NC_000015.10 Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

    Range
    72199029..72231591 complement
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. XM_005254445.6XP_005254502.1  pyruvate kinase PKM isoform X7

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for XP_005254502.1

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    A6NFK3, B2R5N8, B3KRY0, B4DFX8, B4DUU6, P14618, P14786, Q53GK4, Q96E76, Q9BWB5, Q9UCV6, Q9UPF2
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    B4DRT3, V9HWB8
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    cd00288
    Location:42530
    Pyruvate_Kinase; Pyruvate kinase (PK): Large allosteric enzyme that regulates glycolysis through binding of the substrate, phosphoenolpyruvate, and one or more allosteric effectors. Like other allosteric enzymes, PK has a high substrate affinity R state and a low ...
  2. XM_011521670.2XP_011519972.1  pyruvate kinase PKM isoform X4

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for XP_011519972.1

    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    B4DRT3
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    cd00288
    Location:77565
    Pyruvate_Kinase; Pyruvate kinase (PK): Large allosteric enzyme that regulates glycolysis through binding of the substrate, phosphoenolpyruvate, and one or more allosteric effectors. Like other allosteric enzymes, PK has a high substrate affinity R state and a low ...
  3. XM_047432666.1XP_047288622.1  pyruvate kinase PKM isoform X7

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    A6NFK3, B2R5N8, B3KRY0, B4DFX8, B4DUU6, P14618, P14786, Q53GK4, Q96E76, Q9BWB5, Q9UCV6, Q9UPF2
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    V9HWB8
  4. XM_047432664.1XP_047288620.1  pyruvate kinase PKM isoform X5

  5. XM_047432665.1XP_047288621.1  pyruvate kinase PKM isoform X6

  6. XM_005254443.2XP_005254500.1  pyruvate kinase PKM isoform X3

    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    B4DRT3
    Conserved Domains (2) summary
    cd00288
    Location:102590
    Pyruvate_Kinase; Pyruvate kinase (PK): Large allosteric enzyme that regulates glycolysis through binding of the substrate, phosphoenolpyruvate, and one or more allosteric effectors. Like other allosteric enzymes, PK has a high substrate affinity R state and a low ...
    TIGR01064
    Location:103587
    pyruv_kin; pyruvate kinase
  7. XM_047432662.1XP_047288618.1  pyruvate kinase PKM isoform X1

  8. XM_047432663.1XP_047288619.1  pyruvate kinase PKM isoform X2

Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

Genomic

  1. NC_060939.1 Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

    Range
    70015755..70047883 complement
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. XM_054378186.1XP_054234161.1  pyruvate kinase PKM isoform X4

  2. XM_054378187.1XP_054234162.1  pyruvate kinase PKM isoform X5

  3. XM_054378188.1XP_054234163.1  pyruvate kinase PKM isoform X6

  4. XM_054378185.1XP_054234160.1  pyruvate kinase PKM isoform X3