PER1 period circadian regulator 1 [Homo sapiens (human)] - Gene

Summary

Official Symbol: PER1provided by HGNC
Official Full Name: period circadian regulator 1provided by HGNC
Primary source: HGNC:HGNC:8845
See related: Ensembl:ENSG00000179094 MIM:602260; AllianceGenome:HGNC:8845
Gene type: protein coding
RefSeq status: REVIEWED
Organism: Homo sapiens
Lineage: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
Also known as: PER; hPER; RIGUI
Summary: This gene is a member of the Period family of genes and is expressed in a circadian pattern in the suprachiasmatic nucleus, the primary circadian pacemaker in the mammalian brain. Genes in this family encode components of the circadian rhythms of locomotor activity, metabolism, and behavior. This gene is upregulated by CLOCK/ARNTL heterodimers but then represses this upregulation in a feedback loop using PER/CRY heterodimers to interact with CLOCK/ARNTL. Polymorphisms in this gene may increase the risk of getting certain cancers. Alternative splicing has been observed in this gene; however, these variants have not been fully described. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2014]
Expression: Ubiquitous expression in bone marrow (RPKM 31.1), ovary (RPKM 28.6) and 25 other tissues See more
Orthologs: all
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Genomic context

Location:: 17p13.1

Exon count:: 23

Annotation release	Status	Assembly	Chr	Location
RS_2025_08	current	GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40)	17	NC_000017.11 (8140472..8152404, complement)
RS_2025_08	current	T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1)	17	NC_060941.1 (8045861..8057819, complement)
RS_2024_09	previous assembly	GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25)	17	NC_000017.10 (8043790..8055722, complement)

Chromosome 17 - NC_000017.11 Genomic Context describing neighboring genes

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Go to reference sequence details

Genomic Sequence:

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Expression

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See details

Project title: Tissue-specific circular RNA induction during human fetal development
Description: 35 human fetal samples from 6 tissues (3 - 7 replicates per tissue) collected between 10 and 20 weeks gestational time were sequenced using Illumina TruSeq Stranded Total RNA
BioProject: PRJNA270632
Publication: PMID 26076956
Analysis date: Mon Apr 2 22:54:59 2018

Bibliography

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GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

Prospective study of the association between chronotypes and depressive symptoms in Chinese university students: Moderating effects of PER1 gene DNA methylation.
Title: Prospective study of the association between chronotypes and depressive symptoms in Chinese university students: Moderating effects of PER1 gene DNA methylation.
A missense variant rs2585405 in clock gene PER1 is associated with the increased risk of noise-induced hearing loss in a Chinese occupational population.
Title: A missense variant rs2585405 in clock gene PER1 is associated with the increased risk of noise-induced hearing loss in a Chinese occupational population.
DNA polymerase beta connects tumorigenicity with the circadian clock in liver cancer through the epigenetic demethylation of Per1.
Title: DNA polymerase beta connects tumorigenicity with the circadian clock in liver cancer through the epigenetic demethylation of Per1.
Insights into structure and activity relationship of clinically mutated PER1 and PER2 class A beta-lactamase enzymes.
Title: Insights into structure and activity relationship of clinically mutated PER1 and PER2 class A β-lactamase enzymes.
LncRNA TPTEP1 inhibits the migration and invasion of gastric cancer cells through miR-548d-3p/KLF9/PER1 axis.
Title: LncRNA TPTEP1 inhibits the migration and invasion of gastric cancer cells through miR-548d-3p/KLF9/PER1 axis.
The biological clock gene PER1 affects the development of oral squamous cell carcinoma by altering the circadian rhythms of cell proliferation and apoptosis.
Title: The biological clock gene PER1 affects the development of oral squamous cell carcinoma by altering the circadian rhythms of cell proliferation and apoptosis.
Association of rs3027178 polymorphism in the circadian clock gene PER1 with susceptibility to Alzheimer's disease and longevity in an Italian population.
Title: Association of rs3027178 polymorphism in the circadian clock gene PER1 with susceptibility to Alzheimer's disease and longevity in an Italian population.
Disrupting Circadian Rhythm via the PER1-HK2 Axis Reverses Trastuzumab Resistance in Gastric Cancer.
Title: Disrupting Circadian Rhythm via the PER1-HK2 Axis Reverses Trastuzumab Resistance in Gastric Cancer.
The promoter hypermethylation of SULT2B1 accelerates esophagus tumorigenesis via downregulated PER1.
Title: The promoter hypermethylation of SULT2B1 accelerates esophagus tumorigenesis via downregulated PER1.
PER1 suppresses glycolysis and cell proliferation in oral squamous cell carcinoma via the PER1/RACK1/PI3K signaling complex.
Title: PER1 suppresses glycolysis and cell proliferation in oral squamous cell carcinoma via the PER1/RACK1/PI3K signaling complex.

Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (94)

Phenotypes

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Find tests for this gene in the NIH Genetic Testing Registry (GTR)

Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

Variation

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See variants in ClinVar

See studies and variants in dbVar

See Variation Viewer (GRCh37.p13)

See Variation Viewer (GRCh38)

Interactions

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Products	Interactant	Other Gene	Complex	Source	Pubs	Description

General gene information

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Markers

RH98396 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:87069

STS-N78772 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:63852

D1S3694 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:474272

MARC_5483-5484:991951035:2 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:231154

MARC_5483-5484:996690442:1 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:231154

Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

Function	Evidence Code	Pubs
enables DNA-binding transcription factor binding	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables E-box binding	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables chromatin DNA binding	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables chromatin DNA binding	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
enables kinase binding	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables kinase binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed
enables protein binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed
enables transcription cis-regulatory region binding	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
enables transcription cis-regulatory region binding	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables transcription corepressor binding	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
enables ubiquitin protein ligase binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed

Process	Evidence Code	Pubs
involved_in chromatin remodeling	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in chromatin remodeling	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in circadian regulation of gene expression	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in circadian regulation of gene expression	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in circadian regulation of gene expression	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in circadian rhythm	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in circadian rhythm	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in circadian rhythm	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in entrainment of circadian clock	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in entrainment of circadian clock by photoperiod	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in entrainment of circadian clock by photoperiod	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in entrainment of circadian clock by photoperiod	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in negative regulation of DNA-templated transcription	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in negative regulation of DNA-templated transcription	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in negative regulation of JNK cascade	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in negative regulation of canonical NF-kappaB signal transduction	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in negative regulation of nuclear receptor-mediated glucocorticoid signaling pathway	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in negative regulation of nuclear receptor-mediated glucocorticoid signaling pathway	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in regulation of circadian rhythm	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in regulation of circadian rhythm	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in regulation of cytokine production involved in inflammatory response	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in regulation of hair cycle	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in regulation of p38MAPK cascade	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in regulation of sodium ion transport	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in regulation of sodium ion transport	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in response to cAMP	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in rhythmic process	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info

Component	Evidence Code	Pubs
is_active_in cytoplasm	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
located_in cytoplasm	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in cytoplasm	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in cytosol	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info
located_in cytosol	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info
located_in nucleoplasm	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info
is_active_in nucleus	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
located_in nucleus	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info

General protein information

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Preferred Names: period circadian protein homolog 1

Names: Period, drosophila, homolog of; circadian clock protein PERIOD 1; circadian pacemaker protein RIGUI; hPER1; period circadian clock 1; period homolog 1

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

mRNA and Protein(s)

NM_002616.3 → NP_002607.2 period circadian protein homolog 1

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_002607.2

Status: REVIEWED

Source sequence(s)

AB002107, AB088477, DA411574, DA835861

Consensus CDS

CCDS11131.1

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

B2RPA8, B4DI49, D3DTR3, O15534

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

A2I2P6

Related

ENSP00000314420.4, ENST00000317276.9

Conserved Domains (3) summary

cd00130
Location:360 → 461

PAS; PAS domain; PAS motifs appear in archaea, eubacteria and eukarya. Probably the most surprising identification of a PAS domain was that in EAG-like K+-channels. PAS domains have been found to bind ligands, and to act as sensors for light and oxygen in ...

pfam08447
Location:373 → 457

PAS_3; PAS fold

pfam12114
Location:1083 → 1224

Period_C; Period protein 2/3C-terminal region