PCK1 phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1 [Homo sapiens (human)] - Gene

Summary

Official Symbol: PCK1provided by HGNC
Official Full Name: phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1provided by HGNC
Primary source: HGNC:HGNC:8724
See related: Ensembl:ENSG00000124253 MIM:614168
Gene type: protein coding
RefSeq status: REVIEWED
Organism: Homo sapiens
Lineage: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
Also known as: PCKDC; PEPCK1; PEPCKC; PEPCK-C
Summary: This gene is a main control point for the regulation of gluconeogenesis. The cytosolic enzyme encoded by this gene, along with GTP, catalyzes the formation of phosphoenolpyruvate from oxaloacetate, with the release of carbon dioxide and GDP. The expression of this gene can be regulated by insulin, glucocorticoids, glucagon, cAMP, and diet. Defects in this gene are a cause of cytosolic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase deficiency. A mitochondrial isozyme of the encoded protein also has been characterized. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
Expression: Biased expression in liver (RPKM 471.7), kidney (RPKM 448.1) and 4 other tissues See more
Orthologs: mouse all
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Genomic context

Location:: 20q13.31

Exon count:: 10

Annotation release	Status	Assembly	Chr	Location
109.20201120	current	GRCh38.p13 (GCF_000001405.39)	20	NC_000020.11 (57561110..57568121)
105	previous assembly	GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25)	20	NC_000020.10 (56136137..56141515)

Chromosome 20 - NC_000020.11 Genomic Context describing neighboring genes

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Genomic Sequence:

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Expression

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See details

Project title: HPA RNA-seq normal tissues
Description: RNA-seq was performed of tissue samples from 95 human individuals representing 27 different tissues in order to determine tissue-specificity of all protein-coding genes
BioProject: PRJEB4337
Publication: PMID 24309898
Analysis date: Wed Apr 4 07:08:55 2018

Bibliography

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GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

Hypoxia increases the rate of renal gluconeogenesis via hypoxia-inducible factor-1-dependent activation of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase expression.
Title: Hypoxia increases the rate of renal gluconeogenesis via hypoxia-inducible factor-1-dependent activation of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase expression.
Cytosolic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase is expressed in alpha-cells from human and murine pancreas.
Title: Cytosolic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase is expressed in α-cells from human and murine pancreas.
the gluconeogenic enzyme PCK1 phosphorylates INSIG1/2 for lipogenesis; findings highlight the importance of the protein kinase activity of PCK1 in the activation of SREBPs, lipogenesis and the development of hepatocellular carcinoma
Title: The gluconeogenic enzyme PCK1 phosphorylates INSIG1/2 for lipogenesis.
These findings implicate DHODH and PCK1 in the colorectal cancer metastatic progression via pyrimidine nucleotide biosynthesis under hypoxia.
Title: PCK1 and DHODH drive colorectal cancer liver metastatic colonization and hypoxic growth by promoting nucleotide synthesis.
Results find that PCK1 level was upregulated in biliary atresia patients who had successful Kasai portoenterostomy (KPE), while there was a significant down regulation in patients who failed KPE. These data suggest that down regulation of PCK1 is a biological marker for good prognosis of patients with biliary atresia.
Title: RNA-seq reveals outcome-specific gene expression of MMP7 and PCK1 in biliary atresia.
These data suggested that PCK1 induced by Hepatitis B virus X protein led to decreased Hepatitis B virus replication through the downregulation of PGC-1alpha and PPAR-gamma.
Title: Increased expression of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase cytoplasmic isoform by hepatitis B virus X protein affects hepatitis B virus replication.
SLC2A4, RBP4, PCK1, and PIK3R1 genes may be involved in the pathogenesis of GDM.
Title: Relationships of SLC2A4, RBP4, PCK1, and PI3K Gene Polymorphisms with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in a Chinese Population.
This study revealed that PCK1 negatively regulates cell cycle progression and hepatoma cell proliferation via the AMPK/p27(Kip1) axis and supports a potential therapeutic and protective effect of metformin on hepatocellular carcinoma.
Title: PCK1 negatively regulates cell cycle progression and hepatoma cell proliferation via the AMPK/p27Kip1 axis.
PCK1 is detrimental to malignant hepatocytes and activating PCK1 expression is a potential treatment strategy for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.
Title: Metabolic reprogramming by PCK1 promotes TCA cataplerosis, oxidative stress and apoptosis in liver cancer cells and suppresses hepatocellular carcinoma.
This study reveals a unique mechanism to suppress hepatocellular carcinoma by switching from glycolysis to gluconeogenesis through Nur77 antagonism of PEPCK1 degradation.
Title: Nur77 suppresses hepatocellular carcinoma via switching glucose metabolism toward gluconeogenesis through attenuating phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase sumoylation.

Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (47)

Phenotypes

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Find tests for this gene in the NIH Genetic Testing Registry (GTR)

Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

Associated conditions

Description	Tests
Genome-wide association study identifies a novel locus contributing to type 2 diabetes susceptibility in Sikhs of Punjabi origin from India. GeneReviews: Not available
Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase deficiency, cytosolic MedGen: CN078036 OMIM: 261680 GeneReviews: Not available	Compare labs
Preliminary evidence of genetic determinants of adiponectin response to fenofibrate in the Genetics of Lipid Lowering Drugs and Diet Network. GeneReviews: Not available

Variation

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See variants in ClinVar

See studies and variants in dbVar

See Variation Viewer (GRCh37.p13)

See Variation Viewer (GRCh38)

HIV-1 interactions

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Replication interactions

Interaction	Pubs
Knockdown of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1 (PCK1) by siRNA inhibits HIV-1 replication in HeLa P4/R5 cells	PubMed

Protein interactions

Protein	Gene	Interaction	Pubs
integrase	gag-pol	Interaction of human PCK1 with HIV-1 integrase is presumed based on a reported binding interaction between yeast PCK1 and integrase	PubMed

Go to the HIV-1, Human Interaction Database

Interactions

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Products	Interactant	Other Gene	Complex	Source	Pubs	Description

General gene information

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Markers

RH64136 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:25176

Pck1 (e-PCR), detects polymorphism
- UniSTS:461927

SHGC-1372 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:29838

D20S1148 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:41692

SHGC-35332 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:11485

Homology

Homologs of the PCK1 gene: The PCK1 gene is conserved in chimpanzee, Rhesus monkey, dog, cow, mouse, rat, chicken, zebrafish, fruit fly, and frog.
Orthologs from Annotation Pipeline: 339 organisms have orthologs with human gene PCK1
Orthologs

Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

Function	Evidence Code	Pubs
GDP binding	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
GTP binding	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
carboxylic acid binding	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
magnesium ion binding	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
manganese ion binding	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info	PubMed
manganese ion binding	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (GTP) activity	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info	PubMed
phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (GTP) activity	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (GTP) activity	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (GTP) activity	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (GTP) activity	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info
protein serine kinase activity (using GTP as donor)	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed

Process	Evidence Code	Pubs
aging	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
cellular response to cAMP	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
cellular response to dexamethasone stimulus	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info	PubMed
cellular response to fructose stimulus	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
cellular response to glucagon stimulus	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
cellular response to glucose stimulus	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info	PubMed
cellular response to glucose stimulus	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
cellular response to hypoxia	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
cellular response to insulin stimulus	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info	PubMed
cellular response to insulin stimulus	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
cellular response to interleukin-1	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
cellular response to potassium ion starvation	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
cellular response to retinoic acid	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
cellular response to tumor necrosis factor	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
gluconeogenesis	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info	PubMed
gluconeogenesis	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
gluconeogenesis	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
gluconeogenesis	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
gluconeogenesis	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info
glucose homeostasis	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
glucose metabolic process	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
glycerol biosynthetic process from pyruvate	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info	PubMed
glycerol biosynthetic process from pyruvate	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
hepatocyte differentiation	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info	PubMed
oxaloacetate metabolic process	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
peptidyl-serine phosphorylation	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
positive regulation of memory T cell differentiation	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to acidic pH	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
propionate catabolic process	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info	PubMed
regulation of lipid biosynthetic process	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
response to activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
response to insulin	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
response to interleukin-6	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
response to lipid	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info	PubMed
response to lipopolysaccharide	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
response to methionine	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
response to starvation	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info	PubMed

Component	Evidence Code	Pubs
cytoplasm	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
cytosol	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info	PubMed
cytosol	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
cytosol	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info
endoplasmic reticulum	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
extracellular exosome	HDA more info	PubMed
mitochondrion	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info	PubMed

General protein information

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Preferred Names: phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, cytosolic [GTP]

Names: PEP carboxykinase; phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1 (soluble); phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, cytosolic; phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase; phosphopyruvate carboxylase; serine-protein kinase PCK1

NP_002582.3

EC 4.1.1.32

XP_024307656.1

EC 4.1.1.32

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

Genomic

NG_008205.1 RefSeqGene

Range

5030..12041

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GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

NM_002591.4 → NP_002582.3 phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, cytosolic [GTP]

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_002582.3

Status: REVIEWED

Source sequence(s)

AL035541, AW007566, BC023978, BJ993061, BM758256, DB187814

Consensus CDS

CCDS13460.1

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

P35558

Related

ENSP00000319814.4, ENST00000319441.6

Conserved Domains (1) summary

cd00819
Location:27 → 615

PEPCK_GTP; Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK), a critical gluconeogenic enzyme, catalyzes the first committed step in the diversion of tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates toward gluconeogenesis. It catalyzes the reversible decarboxylation and ...

RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: Homo sapiens Updated Annotation Release 109.20201120

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference GRCh38.p13 Primary Assembly

Genomic

NC_000020.11 Reference GRCh38.p13 Primary Assembly

Range

57561110..57568121

Download

GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

XM_024451888.1 → XP_024307656.1 phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, cytosolic [GTP] isoform X1

Conserved Domains (1) summary

cd00819
Location:4 → 483

PEPCK_GTP; Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK), a critical gluconeogenic enzyme, catalyzes the first committed step in the diversion of tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates toward gluconeogenesis. It catalyzes the reversible decarboxylation and ...