ARRB2 arrestin beta 2 [Homo sapiens (human)] - Gene

Summary

Official Symbol: ARRB2provided by HGNC
Official Full Name: arrestin beta 2provided by HGNC
Primary source: HGNC:HGNC:712
See related: Ensembl:ENSG00000141480 MIM:107941
Gene type: protein coding
RefSeq status: REVIEWED
Organism: Homo sapiens
Lineage: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
Also known as: ARB2; ARR2; BARR2
Summary: Members of arrestin/beta-arrestin protein family are thought to participate in agonist-mediated desensitization of G-protein-coupled receptors and cause specific dampening of cellular responses to stimuli such as hormones, neurotransmitters, or sensory signals. Arrestin beta 2, like arrestin beta 1, was shown to inhibit beta-adrenergic receptor function in vitro. It is expressed at high levels in the central nervous system and may play a role in the regulation of synaptic receptors. Besides the brain, a cDNA for arrestin beta 2 was isolated from thyroid gland, and thus it may also be involved in hormone-specific desensitization of TSH receptors. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2012]
Expression: Broad expression in bone marrow (RPKM 69.2), appendix (RPKM 43.9) and 21 other tissues See more
Orthologs: mouse all

Genomic context

Location:: 17p13.2

Exon count:: 17

Annotation release	Status	Assembly	Chr	Location
109.20201120	current	GRCh38.p13 (GCF_000001405.39)	17	NC_000017.11 (4710619..4721500)
105	previous assembly	GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25)	17	NC_000017.10 (4613789..4624795)

Chromosome 17 - NC_000017.11 Genomic Context describing neighboring genes

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Go to reference sequence details

Genomic Sequence:

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Expression

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See details

Project title: HPA RNA-seq normal tissues
Description: RNA-seq was performed of tissue samples from 95 human individuals representing 27 different tissues in order to determine tissue-specificity of all protein-coding genes
BioProject: PRJEB4337
Publication: PMID 24309898
Analysis date: Wed Apr 4 07:08:55 2018

Bibliography

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GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

beta-arrestin expression in corticotroph tumor cells is modulated by glucocorticoids.
Title: β-arrestin expression in corticotroph tumor cells is modulated by glucocorticoids.
Mechanism of beta-arrestin recruitment by the mu-opioid G protein-coupled receptor.
Title: Mechanism of β-arrestin recruitment by the μ-opioid G protein-coupled receptor.
A complex structure of arrestin-2 bound to a G protein-coupled receptor.
Title: A complex structure of arrestin-2 bound to a G protein-coupled receptor.
Structural determinants governing beta-arrestin2 interaction with PDZ proteins and recruitment to CRFR1.
Title: Structural determinants governing β-arrestin2 interaction with PDZ proteins and recruitment to CRFR1.
Evidence also of the involvement of B-arrestin a downstream regulator of CXCR4, that is depleted and downregulated as well as a potential functional role for this depletion in Sezary Syndrome.
Title: Loss of β-arrestin-2 gene and possible functional consequences on Sezary Syndrome.
the mechanisms of docosahexaenoic acid-induced phosphorylation of FFA4-L and subsequent beta-arrestin-2 recruitment and extracellular-signal regulated kinase-1/2 activity, are reported.
Title: Carboxy-Terminal Phosphoregulation of the Long Splice Isoform of Free-Fatty Acid Receptor-4 Mediates <i>β</i>-Arrestin Recruitment and Signaling to ERK1/2.
ARRB1 and ARRB2 have opposing functions, with ARRB1 inducing and ARRB2 negatively regulating the cancer stem cell-like phenotype and self-renewal potential. ARRBs are potential prognostic indicators for tumor progression and chemotherapy response.
Title: β-Arrestins Regulate Stem Cell-Like Phenotype and Response to Chemotherapy in Bladder Cancer.
these data identify a novel role of beta-arrestin 2 as an integral regulator of type I IFN through its internalization of IFNAR1 and a subsequent selective loss of downstream IFN signaling
Title: CCR2 Signaling Selectively Regulates IFN-α: Role of β-Arrestin 2 in IFNAR1 Internalization.
no association existed between beta-arrestins and sst2, sst5 or D2 expression, nor with response to somatostatin receptor ligands or tumour invasiveness.
Title: Molecular evidence and clinical importance of β-arrestins expression in patients with acromegaly.
the ARRB2 gene polymorphism has an effect on childhood asthma severity and response to treatment
Title: B<sub>2</sub> adrenergic receptor gene polymorphism effect on childhood asthma severity and response to treatment.

Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (207)

Phenotypes

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Find tests for this gene in the NIH Genetic Testing Registry (GTR)

Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

Variation

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See variants in ClinVar

See studies and variants in dbVar

See Variation Viewer (GRCh37.p13)

See Variation Viewer (GRCh38)

HIV-1 interactions

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Protein interactions

Protein	Gene	Interaction	Pubs
Pol	gag-pol	HIV-1 Pol is identified to have a physical interaction with arrestin, beta 2 (ARRB2) in human HEK293 and/or Jurkat cell lines by using affinity tagging and purification mass spectrometry analyses	PubMed
Tat	tat	Overexpression of HIV-1 Tat results in a nonspecific activation of the expression of beta-arrestin	PubMed
retropepsin	gag-pol	HIV-1 PR is identified to have a physical interaction with arrestin, beta 2 (ARRB2) in human HEK293 and/or Jurkat cell lines by using affinity tagging and purification mass spectrometry analyses	PubMed

Go to the HIV-1, Human Interaction Database

Interactions

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Products	Interactant	Other Gene	Complex	Source	Pubs	Description

General gene information

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Markers

D17S1272 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:149818

RH18345 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:63295

WI-11146 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:66993

Homology

Homologs of the ARRB2 gene: The ARRB2 gene is conserved in chimpanzee, dog, cow, mouse, rat, zebrafish, and frog.
Orthologs from Annotation Pipeline: 171 organisms have orthologs with human gene ARRB2
Orthologs

Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

Function	Evidence Code	Pubs
14-3-3 protein binding	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
D1 dopamine receptor binding	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
G protein-coupled receptor binding	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info	PubMed
G protein-coupled receptor binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed
alpha-1A adrenergic receptor binding	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
alpha-1B adrenergic receptor binding	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
angiotensin receptor binding	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info	PubMed
angiotensin receptor binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed
arrestin family protein binding	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enzyme binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed
follicle-stimulating hormone receptor binding	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
identical protein binding	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
mitogen-activated protein kinase binding	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
molecular adaptor activity	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info
platelet activating factor receptor binding	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
protein binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed
protein domain specific binding	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
protein kinase B binding	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
protein-containing complex binding	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
signaling receptor binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed
type 1 angiotensin receptor binding	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
type 2A serotonin receptor binding	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
ubiquitin protein ligase binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed

Process	Evidence Code	Pubs
G protein-coupled receptor internalization	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info	PubMed
G protein-coupled receptor internalization	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
G protein-coupled receptor internalization	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
G protein-coupled receptor internalization	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info
Wnt signaling pathway, planar cell polarity pathway	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info
adult walking behavior	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
brain development	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
cell chemotaxis	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
desensitization of G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway by arrestin	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
detection of temperature stimulus involved in sensory perception of pain	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
dopamine receptor signaling pathway	NAS Non-traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
excitatory postsynaptic potential	NAS Non-traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
follicle-stimulating hormone signaling pathway	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
membrane organization	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info
negative regulation of GTPase activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
negative regulation of NF-kappaB transcription factor activity	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
negative regulation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic process	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
negative regulation of interleukin-1 beta production	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
negative regulation of interleukin-12 production	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
negative regulation of interleukin-6 production	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
negative regulation of natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
negative regulation of neuron apoptotic process	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
negative regulation of protein kinase B signaling	NAS Non-traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
negative regulation of protein phosphorylation	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
negative regulation of protein ubiquitination	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
negative regulation of release of cytochrome c from mitochondria	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
negative regulation of smooth muscle cell apoptotic process	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
negative regulation of toll-like receptor signaling pathway	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
negative regulation of tumor necrosis factor production	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
platelet activation	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info
positive regulation of DNA biosynthetic process	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info	PubMed
positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
positive regulation of calcium ion transport	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
positive regulation of cardiac muscle cell differentiation	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
positive regulation of collagen biosynthetic process	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
positive regulation of epithelial cell apoptotic process	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
positive regulation of gene expression	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
positive regulation of peptidyl-serine phosphorylation	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
positive regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
positive regulation of protein kinase B signaling	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
positive regulation of protein ubiquitination	IGI Inferred from Genetic Interaction more info
positive regulation of receptor internalization	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
positive regulation of synaptic transmission, dopaminergic	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
proteasome-mediated ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
protein deubiquitination	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info
protein transport	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
protein ubiquitination	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
receptor internalization	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
regulation of androgen receptor signaling pathway	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info
transcription by RNA polymerase II	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed

Component	Evidence Code	Pubs
basolateral plasma membrane	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
clathrin-coated pit	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
cytoplasm	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info	PubMed
cytoplasm	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
cytoplasmic vesicle	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
cytosol	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info
dendritic spine	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
endocytic vesicle	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
endosome	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
intracellular membrane-bounded organelle	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info
nucleus	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
plasma membrane	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
plasma membrane	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
postsynaptic density	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
postsynaptic membrane	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info

General protein information

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Preferred Names: beta-arrestin-2

Names: arrestin 3; non-visual arrestin-3

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

mRNA and Protein(s)

NM_001257328.2 → NP_001244257.1 beta-arrestin-2 isoform 3

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001244257.1

Status: REVIEWED

Description

Transcript Variant: This variant (3) represents the longest transcript and encodes the longest isoform (3).

Source sequence(s)

AB209786, AK297181, BC007427, BG723452

Consensus CDS

CCDS58504.1

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

P32121

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

Q59EM5

Related

ENSP00000403701.3, ENST00000412477.7

Conserved Domains (2) summary

smart01017
Location:215 → 370

Arrestin_C; Arrestin (or S-antigen), C-terminal domain

pfam00339
Location:19 → 196

Arrestin_N; Arrestin (or S-antigen), N-terminal domain
NM_001257329.2 → NP_001244258.1 beta-arrestin-2 isoform 4

Status: REVIEWED

Description

Transcript Variant: This variant (4) uses an alternate in-frame splice junction at the 3' end of an exon and uses an alternate splice junction at the 3' end of another exon, that causes a frameshift. The resulting isoform (4) lacks an alternate internal segment and has a shorter and distinct C-terminus compared to isoform 3.

Source sequence(s)

BC007427, BC095450, BG723452

Consensus CDS

CCDS59276.1

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

P32121

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

K7ENA6

Related

ENSP00000466857.1, ENST00000575877.5

Conserved Domains (2) summary

smart01017
Location:194 → 264

Arrestin_C; Arrestin (or S-antigen), C-terminal domain

pfam00339
Location:19 → 175

Arrestin_N; Arrestin (or S-antigen), N-terminal domain
NM_001257330.2 → NP_001244259.1 beta-arrestin-2 isoform 5

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001244259.1

Status: REVIEWED

Description

Transcript Variant: This variant (5) uses an alternate in-frame splice junction at the 3' end of an exon and uses an alternate in-frame splice junction at the 5' end of another exon compared to variant 3. The resulting isoform (5) lacks an alternate internal segment and contains another alternate internal segment compared to isoform 3.

Source sequence(s)

BC007427, BG723452, DQ664180

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

P32121

Conserved Domains (2) summary

smart01017
Location:194 → 349

Arrestin_C; Arrestin (or S-antigen), C-terminal domain

pfam00339
Location:19 → 175

Arrestin_N; Arrestin (or S-antigen), N-terminal domain
NM_001257331.2 → NP_001244260.1 beta-arrestin-2 isoform 6

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001244260.1

Status: REVIEWED

Description

Transcript Variant: This variant (6) lacks an alternate in-frame exon, uses an alternate in-frame splice junction at the 3' end of an exon, and uses an alternate in-frame splice junction at the 5' end of another exon compared to variant 3. The resulting isoform (6) lacks two alternate internal segments and contains another alternate internal segment compared to isoform 3.

Source sequence(s)

AK097542, BC007427, BG723452, DQ664180

Consensus CDS

CCDS58505.1

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

P32121

Related

ENSP00000341895.2, ENST00000346341.6

Conserved Domains (2) summary

smart01017
Location:179 → 334

Arrestin_C; Arrestin (or S-antigen), C-terminal domain

cl22903
Location:19 → 160

Arrestin_N; Arrestin (or S-antigen), N-terminal domain
NM_001330064.2 → NP_001316993.1 beta-arrestin-2 isoform 7

Status: REVIEWED

Description

Transcript Variant: This variant (8) has multiple differences compared to variant 3. The encoded isoform (7) is shorter than isoform 3.

Source sequence(s)

AC091153, BC007427

Consensus CDS

CCDS82039.1

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

P32121

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

Q68DZ5

Related

ENSP00000465296.1, ENST00000572457.5

Conserved Domains (1) summary

smart01017
Location:2 → 157

Arrestin_C; Arrestin (or S-antigen), C-terminal domain
NM_004313.4 → NP_004304.1 beta-arrestin-2 isoform 1

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_004304.1

Status: REVIEWED

Description

Transcript Variant: This variant (1) uses an alternate in-frame splice junction at the 3' end of an exon compared to variant 3. The resulting isoform (1) lacks an alternate internal segment compared to isoform 3.

Source sequence(s)

AF106941, BC007427, BG723452

Consensus CDS

CCDS11050.1

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

P32121

Related

ENSP00000269260.2, ENST00000269260.7

Conserved Domains (2) summary

smart01017
Location:194 → 349

Arrestin_C; Arrestin (or S-antigen), C-terminal domain

pfam00339
Location:19 → 175

Arrestin_N; Arrestin (or S-antigen), N-terminal domain
NM_199004.2 → NP_945355.1 beta-arrestin-2 isoform 2

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_945355.1

Status: REVIEWED

Description

Transcript Variant: This variant (2) lacks an alternate in-frame exon and uses an alternate in-frame splice junction at the 3' end of another exon compared to variant 3. The resulting isoform (2) lacks two alternate internal segments compared to isoform 3.

Source sequence(s)

AF106941, AK097542, BC007427, BG723452

Consensus CDS

CCDS11051.1

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

P32121

Related

ENSP00000370898.6, ENST00000381488.10

Conserved Domains (2) summary

smart01017
Location:179 → 334

Arrestin_C; Arrestin (or S-antigen), C-terminal domain

cl22903
Location:19 → 160

Arrestin_N; Arrestin (or S-antigen), N-terminal domain

RNA

NR_047516.2 RNA Sequence

Status: REVIEWED

Description

Transcript Variant: This variant (7) lacks an alternate coding exon compared to isoform 3, that causes a frameshift. The resulting transcript could encode a 217 aa isoform but instead is thought to be non-protein coding due to the presence of an upstream open reading frame with a strong Kozak signal. Translation beginning at that start site renders this transcript a candidate for nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD).

Source sequence(s)

AB209786, BC007427, BG723452

RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: Homo sapiens Updated Annotation Release 109.20201120

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference GRCh38.p13 Primary Assembly

Genomic

NC_000017.11 Reference GRCh38.p13 Primary Assembly

Range

4710619..4721500

Download

GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

XM_024450752.1 → XP_024306520.1 beta-arrestin-2 isoform X3

Conserved Domains (1) summary

smart01017
Location:2 → 157

Arrestin_C; Arrestin (or S-antigen), C-terminal domain
XM_024450751.1 → XP_024306519.1 beta-arrestin-2 isoform X2

Conserved Domains (2) summary

smart01017
Location:194 → 349

Arrestin_C; Arrestin (or S-antigen), C-terminal domain

pfam00339
Location:19 → 175

Arrestin_N; Arrestin (or S-antigen), N-terminal domain
XM_024450753.1 → XP_024306521.1 beta-arrestin-2 isoform X3

Conserved Domains (1) summary

smart01017
Location:2 → 157

Arrestin_C; Arrestin (or S-antigen), C-terminal domain
XM_011523858.2 → XP_011522160.1 beta-arrestin-2 isoform X1

Conserved Domains (2) summary

smart01017
Location:225 → 380

Arrestin_C; Arrestin (or S-antigen), C-terminal domain

pfam00339
Location:50 → 206

Arrestin_N; Arrestin (or S-antigen), N-terminal domain
XM_017024645.1 → XP_016880134.1 beta-arrestin-2 isoform X3

Conserved Domains (1) summary

smart01017
Location:2 → 157

Arrestin_C; Arrestin (or S-antigen), C-terminal domain