ARRB2 arrestin beta 2 [Homo sapiens (human)] - Gene

Summary

Official Symbol: ARRB2provided by HGNC
Official Full Name: arrestin beta 2provided by HGNC
Primary source: HGNC:HGNC:712
See related: Ensembl:ENSG00000141480 MIM:107941; AllianceGenome:HGNC:712
Gene type: protein coding
RefSeq status: REVIEWED
Organism: Homo sapiens
Lineage: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
Also known as: ARB2; ARR2; BARR2
Summary: Members of arrestin/beta-arrestin protein family are thought to participate in agonist-mediated desensitization of G-protein-coupled receptors and cause specific dampening of cellular responses to stimuli such as hormones, neurotransmitters, or sensory signals. Arrestin beta 2, like arrestin beta 1, was shown to inhibit beta-adrenergic receptor function in vitro. It is expressed at high levels in the central nervous system and may play a role in the regulation of synaptic receptors. Besides the brain, a cDNA for arrestin beta 2 was isolated from thyroid gland, and thus it may also be involved in hormone-specific desensitization of TSH receptors. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2012]
Expression: Broad expression in bone marrow (RPKM 69.2), appendix (RPKM 43.9) and 21 other tissues See more
Orthologs: mouse all
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Genomic context

Location:: 17p13.2

Exon count:: 17

Annotation release	Status	Assembly	Chr	Location
110	current	GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40)	17	NC_000017.11 (4710632..4721497)
110	current	T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1)	17	NC_060941.1 (4600371..4611146)
105.20220307	previous assembly	GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25)	17	NC_000017.10 (4613927..4624792)

Chromosome 17 - NC_000017.11 Genomic Context describing neighboring genes

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Go to reference sequence details

Genomic Sequence:

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Expression

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See details

Project title: HPA RNA-seq normal tissues
Description: RNA-seq was performed of tissue samples from 95 human individuals representing 27 different tissues in order to determine tissue-specificity of all protein-coding genes
BioProject: PRJEB4337
Publication: PMID 24309898
Analysis date: Wed Apr 4 07:08:55 2018

Bibliography

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GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

The Comprehensive Analysis of Hub Gene ARRB2 in Prostate Cancer.
Title: The Comprehensive Analysis of Hub Gene ARRB2 in Prostate Cancer.
LncRNA GATA3-AS1 promoted invasion and migration in human endometrial carcinoma by regulating the miR-361/ARRB2 axis.
Title: LncRNA GATA3-AS1 promoted invasion and migration in human endometrial carcinoma by regulating the miR-361/ARRB2 axis.
Association of polymorphisms in ARRB2 and clinical response to methadone for pain in advanced cancer.
Title: Association of polymorphisms in <i>ARRB2</i> and clinical response to methadone for pain in advanced cancer.
Biased Coupling to beta-Arrestin of Two Common Variants of the CB2 Cannabinoid Receptor.
Title: Biased Coupling to β-Arrestin of Two Common Variants of the CB<sub>2</sub> Cannabinoid Receptor.
beta-Arrestin 1 and 2 similarly influence mu-opioid receptor mobility and distinctly modulate adenylyl cyclase activity.
Title: β-Arrestin 1 and 2 similarly influence μ-opioid receptor mobility and distinctly modulate adenylyl cyclase activity.
Deficiency of beta-arrestin2 alleviates apoptosis through GRP78-ATF6-CHOP signaling pathway in primary Sjogren's syndrome.
Title: Deficiency of β-arrestin2 alleviates apoptosis through GRP78-ATF6-CHOP signaling pathway in primary Sjögren's syndrome.
Prokineticin receptors interact unselectively with several G protein subtypes but bind selectively to beta-arrestin 2.
Title: Prokineticin receptors interact unselectively with several G protein subtypes but bind selectively to β-arrestin 2.
Biphasic activation of beta-arrestin 1 upon interaction with a GPCR revealed by methyl-TROSY NMR.
Title: Biphasic activation of β-arrestin 1 upon interaction with a GPCR revealed by methyl-TROSY NMR.
Scaffolding mechanism of arrestin-2 in the cRaf/MEK1/ERK signaling cascade.
Title: Scaffolding mechanism of arrestin-2 in the cRaf/MEK1/ERK signaling cascade.
In-frame fusion of SUMO1 enhances betaarrestin2's association with activated GPCRs as well as with nuclear pore complexes.
Title: In-frame fusion of SUMO1 enhances βarrestin2's association with activated GPCRs as well as with nuclear pore complexes.

Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (230)

Phenotypes

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Find tests for this gene in the NIH Genetic Testing Registry (GTR)

Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

Variation

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See variants in ClinVar

See studies and variants in dbVar

See Variation Viewer (GRCh37.p13)

See Variation Viewer (GRCh38)

HIV-1 interactions

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Protein interactions

Protein	Gene	Interaction	Pubs
Pol	gag-pol	HIV-1 Pol is identified to have a physical interaction with arrestin, beta 2 (ARRB2) in human HEK293 and/or Jurkat cell lines by using affinity tagging and purification mass spectrometry analyses	PubMed
Tat	tat	Overexpression of HIV-1 Tat results in a nonspecific activation of the expression of beta-arrestin	PubMed
retropepsin	gag-pol	HIV-1 PR is identified to have a physical interaction with arrestin, beta 2 (ARRB2) in human HEK293 and/or Jurkat cell lines by using affinity tagging and purification mass spectrometry analyses	PubMed

Go to the HIV-1, Human Interaction Database

Interactions

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Products	Interactant	Other Gene	Complex	Source	Pubs	Description

General gene information

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Markers

D17S1272 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:149818

RH18345 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:63295

WI-11146 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:66993

Homology

Homologs of the ARRB2 gene: The ARRB2 gene is conserved in chimpanzee, dog, cow, mouse, rat, zebrafish, and frog.
Orthologs from Annotation Pipeline: 224 organisms have orthologs with human gene ARRB2
Orthologs

Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

Function	Evidence Code	Pubs
enables 14-3-3 protein binding	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables D1 dopamine receptor binding	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables G protein-coupled receptor binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed
enables alpha-1A adrenergic receptor binding	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables alpha-1B adrenergic receptor binding	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables angiotensin receptor binding	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info	PubMed
enables angiotensin receptor binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed
enables arrestin family protein binding	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables enzyme binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed
enables follicle-stimulating hormone receptor binding	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables identical protein binding	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables mitogen-activated protein kinase binding	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables platelet activating factor receptor binding	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables protein binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed
enables protein domain specific binding	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables protein kinase B binding	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables protein-containing complex binding	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables signaling receptor binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed
enables type 1 angiotensin receptor binding	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables type 2A serotonin receptor binding	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables ubiquitin protein ligase binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed

Process	Evidence Code	Pubs
involved_in G protein-coupled receptor internalization	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info	PubMed
involved_in G protein-coupled receptor internalization	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in G protein-coupled receptor internalization	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in G protein-coupled receptor internalization	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in adult walking behavior	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in brain development	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in cell chemotaxis	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in desensitization of G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway by arrestin	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in detection of temperature stimulus involved in sensory perception of pain	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in dopamine receptor signaling pathway	NAS Non-traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in excitatory postsynaptic potential	NAS Non-traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in follicle-stimulating hormone signaling pathway	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in negative regulation of GTPase activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in negative regulation of NF-kappaB transcription factor activity	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic process	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in negative regulation of interleukin-1 beta production	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in negative regulation of interleukin-12 production	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in negative regulation of interleukin-6 production	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in negative regulation of natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of neuron apoptotic process	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in negative regulation of protein kinase B signaling	NAS Non-traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of protein phosphorylation	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in negative regulation of protein ubiquitination	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of release of cytochrome c from mitochondria	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in negative regulation of smooth muscle cell apoptotic process	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in negative regulation of toll-like receptor signaling pathway	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in negative regulation of tumor necrosis factor production	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in positive regulation of DNA biosynthetic process	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of calcium ion transport	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in positive regulation of cardiac muscle cell differentiation	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in positive regulation of collagen biosynthetic process	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in positive regulation of epithelial cell apoptotic process	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in positive regulation of gene expression	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in positive regulation of peptidyl-serine phosphorylation	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in positive regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in positive regulation of protein kinase B signaling	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in positive regulation of receptor internalization	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of synaptic transmission, dopaminergic	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in postsynaptic signal transduction	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in proteasome-mediated ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in protein transport	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in protein ubiquitination	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in receptor internalization	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in transcription by RNA polymerase II	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed

Component	Evidence Code	Pubs
located_in basolateral plasma membrane	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in clathrin-coated pit	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
is_active_in cytoplasm	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info	PubMed
located_in cytoplasm	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in cytoplasmic vesicle	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in cytosol	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info
located_in cytosol	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info
located_in dendritic spine	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in endocytic vesicle	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in endosome	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in glutamatergic synapse	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in nucleoplasm	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info
located_in nucleus	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in plasma membrane	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in plasma membrane	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
located_in postsynaptic density	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in postsynaptic membrane	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info

General protein information

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Preferred Names: beta-arrestin-2

Names: arrestin 3; non-visual arrestin-3

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

mRNA and Protein(s)

NM_001257328.2 → NP_001244257.1 beta-arrestin-2 isoform 3

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001244257.1

Status: REVIEWED

Description

Transcript Variant: This variant (3) represents the longest transcript and encodes the longest isoform (3).

Source sequence(s)

AB209786, AK297181, BC007427, BG723452

Consensus CDS

CCDS58504.1

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

P32121

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

Q59EM5

Related

ENSP00000403701.3, ENST00000412477.7

Conserved Domains (2) summary

smart01017
Location:215 → 370

Arrestin_C; Arrestin (or S-antigen), C-terminal domain

pfam00339
Location:19 → 196

Arrestin_N; Arrestin (or S-antigen), N-terminal domain
NM_001257329.2 → NP_001244258.1 beta-arrestin-2 isoform 4

Status: REVIEWED

Description

Transcript Variant: This variant (4) uses an alternate in-frame splice junction at the 3' end of an exon and uses an alternate splice junction at the 3' end of another exon, that causes a frameshift. The resulting isoform (4) lacks an alternate internal segment and has a shorter and distinct C-terminus compared to isoform 3.

Source sequence(s)

BC007427, BC095450, BG723452

Consensus CDS

CCDS59276.1

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

P32121

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

K7ENA6

Related

ENSP00000466857.1, ENST00000575877.5

Conserved Domains (2) summary

smart01017
Location:194 → 264

Arrestin_C; Arrestin (or S-antigen), C-terminal domain

pfam00339
Location:19 → 175

Arrestin_N; Arrestin (or S-antigen), N-terminal domain
NM_001257330.2 → NP_001244259.1 beta-arrestin-2 isoform 5

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001244259.1

Status: REVIEWED

Description

Transcript Variant: This variant (5) uses an alternate in-frame splice junction at the 3' end of an exon and uses an alternate in-frame splice junction at the 5' end of another exon compared to variant 3. The resulting isoform (5) lacks an alternate internal segment and contains another alternate internal segment compared to isoform 3.

Source sequence(s)

BC007427, BG723452, DQ664180

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

P32121

Conserved Domains (2) summary

smart01017
Location:194 → 349

Arrestin_C; Arrestin (or S-antigen), C-terminal domain

pfam00339
Location:19 → 175

Arrestin_N; Arrestin (or S-antigen), N-terminal domain
NM_001257331.2 → NP_001244260.1 beta-arrestin-2 isoform 6

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001244260.1

Status: REVIEWED

Description

Transcript Variant: This variant (6) lacks an alternate in-frame exon, uses an alternate in-frame splice junction at the 3' end of an exon, and uses an alternate in-frame splice junction at the 5' end of another exon compared to variant 3. The resulting isoform (6) lacks two alternate internal segments and contains another alternate internal segment compared to isoform 3.

Source sequence(s)

AK097542, BC007427, BG723452, DQ664180

Consensus CDS

CCDS58505.1

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

P32121

Related

ENSP00000341895.2, ENST00000346341.6

Conserved Domains (2) summary

smart01017
Location:179 → 334

Arrestin_C; Arrestin (or S-antigen), C-terminal domain

cl22903
Location:19 → 160

Arrestin_N; Arrestin (or S-antigen), N-terminal domain
NM_001330064.2 → NP_001316993.1 beta-arrestin-2 isoform 7

Status: REVIEWED

Description

Transcript Variant: This variant (8) has multiple differences compared to variant 3. The encoded isoform (7) is shorter than isoform 3.

Source sequence(s)

AC091153, BC007427

Consensus CDS

CCDS82039.1

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

P32121

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

Q68DZ5

Conserved Domains (1) summary

smart01017
Location:2 → 157

Arrestin_C; Arrestin (or S-antigen), C-terminal domain
NM_004313.4 → NP_004304.1 beta-arrestin-2 isoform 1

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_004304.1

Status: REVIEWED

Description

Transcript Variant: This variant (1) uses an alternate in-frame splice junction at the 3' end of an exon compared to variant 3. The resulting isoform (1) lacks an alternate internal segment compared to isoform 3.

Source sequence(s)

AF106941, BC007427, BG723452

Consensus CDS

CCDS11050.1

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

P32121, Q9UEQ6

Related

ENSP00000269260.2, ENST00000269260.7

Conserved Domains (2) summary

smart01017
Location:194 → 349

Arrestin_C; Arrestin (or S-antigen), C-terminal domain

pfam00339
Location:19 → 175

Arrestin_N; Arrestin (or S-antigen), N-terminal domain
NM_199004.2 → NP_945355.1 beta-arrestin-2 isoform 2

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_945355.1

Status: REVIEWED

Description

Transcript Variant: This variant (2) lacks an alternate in-frame exon and uses an alternate in-frame splice junction at the 3' end of another exon compared to variant 3. The resulting isoform (2) lacks two alternate internal segments compared to isoform 3.

Source sequence(s)

AF106941, AK097542, BC007427, BG723452

Consensus CDS

CCDS11051.1

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

P32121

Related

ENSP00000370898.6, ENST00000381488.10

Conserved Domains (2) summary

smart01017
Location:179 → 334

Arrestin_C; Arrestin (or S-antigen), C-terminal domain

cl22903
Location:19 → 160

Arrestin_N; Arrestin (or S-antigen), N-terminal domain

RNA

NR_047516.2 RNA Sequence

Status: REVIEWED

Description

Transcript Variant: This variant (7) lacks an alternate coding exon compared to isoform 3, that causes a frameshift. The resulting transcript could encode a 217 aa isoform but instead is thought to be non-protein coding due to the presence of an upstream open reading frame with a strong Kozak signal. Translation beginning at that start site renders this transcript a candidate for nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD).

Source sequence(s)

AB209786, BC007427, BG723452

RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: Homo sapiens Annotation Release 110 details...

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

Genomic

NC_000017.11 Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

Range

4710632..4721497

Download

GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

XM_047436066.1 → XP_047292022.1 beta-arrestin-2 isoform X1
XM_047436067.1 → XP_047292023.1 beta-arrestin-2 isoform X3

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

Q68DZ5

Related

ENSP00000465296.1, ENST00000572457.5
XM_024450752.2 → XP_024306520.1 beta-arrestin-2 isoform X1

Conserved Domains (1) summary

smart01017
Location:2 → 157

Arrestin_C; Arrestin (or S-antigen), C-terminal domain
XM_024450753.2 → XP_024306521.1 beta-arrestin-2 isoform X1

Conserved Domains (1) summary

smart01017
Location:2 → 157

Arrestin_C; Arrestin (or S-antigen), C-terminal domain
XM_011523858.3 → XP_011522160.1 beta-arrestin-2 isoform X2

Conserved Domains (2) summary

smart01017
Location:225 → 380

Arrestin_C; Arrestin (or S-antigen), C-terminal domain

pfam00339
Location:50 → 206

Arrestin_N; Arrestin (or S-antigen), N-terminal domain
XM_047436062.1 → XP_047292018.1 beta-arrestin-2 isoform X1
XM_047436065.1 → XP_047292021.1 beta-arrestin-2 isoform X4
XM_047436063.1 → XP_047292019.1 beta-arrestin-2 isoform X1
XM_047436064.1 → XP_047292020.1 beta-arrestin-2 isoform X3

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

Q68DZ5
XM_017024645.2 → XP_016880134.1 beta-arrestin-2 isoform X1

Conserved Domains (1) summary

smart01017
Location:2 → 157

Arrestin_C; Arrestin (or S-antigen), C-terminal domain