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GGT5 gamma-glutamyltransferase 5 [ Homo sapiens (human) ]

Gene ID: 2687, updated on 25-Nov-2025
Official Symbol
GGT5provided by HGNC
Official Full Name
gamma-glutamyltransferase 5provided by HGNC
Primary source
HGNC:HGNC:4260
See related
Ensembl:ENSG00000099998 MIM:137168; AllianceGenome:HGNC:4260
Gene type
protein coding
RefSeq status
REVIEWED
Organism
Homo sapiens
Lineage
Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
Also known as
GGL; GGT 5; GGTLA1; GGT-REL
Summary
This gene is a member of the gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase gene family, and some reports indicate that it is capable of cleaving the gamma-glutamyl moiety of glutathione. The protein encoded by this gene is synthesized as a single, catalytically-inactive polypeptide, that is processed post-transcriptionally to form a heavy and light subunit, with the catalytic activity contained within the small subunit. The encoded enzyme is able to convert leukotriene C4 to leukotriene D4, but appears to have distinct substrate specificity compared to gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2014]
Expression
Ubiquitous expression in fat (RPKM 18.6), kidney (RPKM 15.2) and 24 other tissues See more
Orthologs
mouse all
NEW
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Try the new Transcript table
See GGT5 in Genome Data Viewer
Location:
22q11.23
Exon count:
14
Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
RS_2025_08 current GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40) 22 NC_000022.11 (24219654..24245142, complement)
RS_2025_08 current T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1) 22 NC_060946.1 (24681268..24706753, complement)
RS_2024_09 previous assembly GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25) 22 NC_000022.10 (24615622..24641110, complement)

Chromosome 22 - NC_000022.11Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 18762 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 18763 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr22:24585541-24586182 Neighboring gene sushi domain containing 2 Neighboring gene MPRA-validated peak4472 silencer Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 18764 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 18765 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr22:24601258-24602226 Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC124905090 Neighboring gene H3K27ac hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr22:24609597-24610123 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 18766 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr22:24639831-24640386 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr22:24640387-24640942 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr22:24642055-24642610 Neighboring gene Sharpr-MPRA regulatory region 1554 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr22:24647549-24648049 Neighboring gene gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain 4 pseudogene Neighboring gene POM121 transmembrane nucleoporin like 9, pseudogene Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr22:24651904-24652808 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr22:24655631-24656248 Neighboring gene BCR pseudogene 1

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

  • Project title: Tissue-specific circular RNA induction during human fetal development
  • Description: 35 human fetal samples from 6 tissues (3 - 7 replicates per tissue) collected between 10 and 20 weeks gestational time were sequenced using Illumina TruSeq Stranded Total RNA
  • BioProject: PRJNA270632
  • Publication: PMID 26076956
  • Analysis date: Mon Apr 2 22:54:59 2018

Related articles in PubMed

  1. GGT5 facilitates migration and invasion through the induction of epithelial-mesenchymal transformation in gastric cancer. Luo Z, et al. BMC Med Genomics, 2024 Apr 5. PMID 38581025, Free PMC Article
  2. GGT5: a potential immunotherapy response inhibitor in gastric cancer by modulating GSH metabolism and sustaining memory CD8+ T cell infiltration. Zhao W, et al. Cancer Immunol Immunother, 2024 May 15. PMID 38748299, Free PMC Article
  3. Interconversion of leukotrienes catalyzed by purified gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase: concomitant formation of leukotriene D4 and gamma-glutamyl amino acids. Anderson ME, et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 1982 Feb. PMID 6122208, Free PMC Article
  4. Localization of a gamma-glutamyl-transferase-related gene family on chromosome 22. Morris C, et al. Hum Genet, 1993 Mar. PMID 8095916
  5. Cancer-associated fibroblasts-derived gamma-glutamyltransferase 5 promotes tumor growth and drug resistance in lung adenocarcinoma. Wei JR, et al. Aging (Albany NY), 2020 Jul 8. PMID 32640421, Free PMC Article

See all (29) citations in PubMed

GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?
  1. GGT5: a potential immunotherapy response inhibitor in gastric cancer by modulating GSH metabolism and sustaining memory CD8+ T cell infiltration.
    Title: GGT5: a potential immunotherapy response inhibitor in gastric cancer by modulating GSH metabolism and sustaining memory CD8+ T cell infiltration.
  2. GGT5 facilitates migration and invasion through the induction of epithelial-mesenchymal transformation in gastric cancer.
    Title: GGT5 facilitates migration and invasion through the induction of epithelial-mesenchymal transformation in gastric cancer.
  3. Abcc1 and Ggt5 support lymphocyte guidance through export and catabolism of S-geranylgeranyl-l-glutathione.
    Title: Abcc1 and Ggt5 support lymphocyte guidance through export and catabolism of S-geranylgeranyl-l-glutathione.
  4. Cancer-associated fibroblasts-derived gamma-glutamyltransferase 5 promotes tumor growth and drug resistance in lung adenocarcinoma.
    Title: Cancer-associated fibroblasts-derived gamma-glutamyltransferase 5 promotes tumor growth and drug resistance in lung adenocarcinoma.
  5. Formation of LTD4 was rapid when catalyzed by gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT)1 in the A549 epithelial lung cancer cell line, but considerably slower when catalyzed by GGT5 in primary bronchial epithelial cells. When A549 cells were cultured in the presence of IL-1beta, GGT1 expression increased about 2-fold. Also exosomes from A549 cells contained GGT1 and augmented LTD4 formation.
    Title: Pulmonary epithelial cancer cells and their exosomes metabolize myeloid cell-derived leukotriene C4 to leukotriene D4.
  6. Report different pattern of expression of GGT1 and GGT5 in normal human tissues.
    Title: Immunolabeling of gamma-glutamyl transferase 5 in normal human tissues reveals that expression and localization differ from gamma-glutamyl transferase 1.
  7. There is a significant association of GGT with individual metabolic syndrome components, except HDL and inflammatory parameters (hs-CRP, ferritin).
    Title: Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase level associated with metabolic syndrome and proinflammatory parameters in the young Roma population in eastern Slovakia: a population-based study.
Submit: New GeneRIF Correction

Find tests for this gene in the NIH Genetic Testing Registry (GTR)

Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

EBI GWAS Catalog

Description
Genome-wide association analyses in Han Chinese identify two new susceptibility loci for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
EBI GWAS Catalog
Genome-wide association study identifies three novel susceptibility loci for severe Acne vulgaris.
EBI GWAS Catalog

See variants in ClinVar

See studies and variants in dbVar

See Variation Viewer (GRCh37.p13)

See Variation Viewer (GRCh38)

Protein interactions

Protein Gene Interaction Pubs
Tat tat Microarray analysis indicates HIV-1 Tat-induced upregulation of gamma-glutamyltransferase 5 (GGT5) in primary human brain microvascular endothelial cells PubMed

Go to the HIV-1, Human Interaction Database

Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

Markers

Homology

Clone Names

  • FLJ92733, DKFZp566O011

Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

Function Evidence Code Pubs
enables acyltransferase activity IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
enables glutathione hydrolase activity IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
enables glutathione hydrolase activity IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
enables glutathione hydrolase activity IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
enables hydrolase activity IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
enables leukotriene C4 gamma-glutamyl transferase activity IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
enables leukotriene-C(4) hydrolase IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
enables leukotriene-C(4) hydrolase IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
enables leukotriene-C(4) hydrolase IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
enables peptidase activity IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
enables peptidyltransferase activity IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
enables transferase activity IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
Process Evidence Code Pubs
involved_in amino acid metabolic process IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in fatty acid metabolic process IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in glutathione biosynthetic process IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in glutathione catabolic process IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
involved_in glutathione catabolic process IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in glutathione catabolic process IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in glutathione metabolic process IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in inflammatory response IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
acts_upstream_of_or_within inflammatory response IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in leukotriene D4 biosynthetic process IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
involved_in leukotriene D4 biosynthetic process IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
acts_upstream_of_or_within leukotriene D4 biosynthetic process IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in leukotriene D4 biosynthetic process ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
  
involved_in leukotriene biosynthetic process IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
acts_upstream_of_or_within lymphocyte migration IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in proteolysis IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in proteolysis IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
Component Evidence Code Pubs
located_in membrane IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
is_active_in plasma membrane IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
located_in plasma membrane IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
located_in plasma membrane IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
located_in plasma membrane TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
  
Preferred Names
glutathione hydrolase 5 proenzyme
Names
gamma-glutamyl cleaving enzyme
gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase-related enzyme
gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase-related protein
gamma-glutamyltransferase-like activity 1
gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase 5
leukotriene-C4 hydrolase
NP_001093251.1
NP_001093252.1
NP_001289393.1
NP_001289394.1
NP_004112.2
XP_005261614.1
XP_005261615.1
XP_011528435.1
XP_011528436.1
XP_011528437.1
XP_011528438.1
XP_011528439.1
XP_016884257.1
XP_016884258.1
XP_047297284.1
XP_047297285.1
XP_047297286.1
XP_047297287.1
XP_054181502.1
XP_054181503.1
XP_054181504.1
XP_054181505.1
XP_054181506.1
XP_054181507.1
XP_054181508.1
XP_054181509.1
XP_054181510.1
XP_054181511.1
XP_054181512.1
XP_054181513.1
XP_054181514.1

NEW Try the new Transcript table

RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. NM_001099781.2 → NP_001093251.1  glutathione hydrolase 5 proenzyme isoform 1

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001093251.1

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (1) represents the longest transcript and encodes the longest isoform (1).
    Source sequence(s)
    BC073999, BU728951, BX403504
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS42990.1
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    B4DND4
    Related
    ENSP00000381340.3, ENST00000398292.3
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    pfam01019
    Location:60 → 582
    G_glu_transpept; Gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase

  2. NM_001099782.2 → NP_001093252.1  glutathione hydrolase 5 proenzyme isoform 3

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (3) lacks an alternate in-frame exon in the 5' coding region and uses an alternate in-frame splice site in the 3' coding region, compared to variant 1. The encoded isoform (3) is shorter than isoform 1.
    Source sequence(s)
    AK225661, BU728951, BX403504
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS42989.1
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    B4DEL3
    Related
    ENSP00000263112.7, ENST00000263112.11
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    pfam01019
    Location:60 → 549
    G_glu_transpept; Gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase

  3. NM_001302464.1 → NP_001289393.1  glutathione hydrolase 5 proenzyme isoform 4

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001289393.1

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (4) has multiple differences in the coding region, one of which results in a translational frameshift, compared to variant 1. The encoded isoform (4) is shorter and has a distinct C-terminus, compared to isoform 1.
    Source sequence(s)
    AK225661, AL117414, BU728951, BX403504
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    P36269
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    pfam01019
    Location:60 → 506
    G_glu_transpept; Gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase

  4. NM_001302465.1 → NP_001289394.1  glutathione hydrolase 5 proenzyme isoform 5

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (5) lacks two alternate exons and uses an alternate splice site in the 5' coding region, compared to variant 1. The encoded isoform (5) is shorter and contains a distinct internal segment, compared to isoform 1.
    Source sequence(s)
    AK293683, BC073999, BU728951, BX403504
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    B4DEL3
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    cl19223
    Location:123 → 505
    G_glu_transpept; Gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase

  5. NM_004121.5 → NP_004112.2  glutathione hydrolase 5 proenzyme isoform 2

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_004112.2

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (2) uses an alternate in-frame splice site in the 3' coding region, compared to variant 1. The encoded isoform (2) is one amino acid shorter than isoform 1.
    Source sequence(s)
    AP000353, AP000354
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS13825.1
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    P36269, Q53XM9, Q6GMP0, Q96FC1, Q9UFM5
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    B4DND4
    Related
    ENSP00000330080.4, ENST00000327365.10
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    pfam01019
    Location:60 → 581
    G_glu_transpept; Gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase

RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001405.40-RS_2025_08

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

Genomic

  1. NC_000022.11 Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

    Range
    24219654..24245142 complement
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. XM_017028768.3 → XP_016884257.1  glutathione hydrolase 5 proenzyme isoform X6

    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    B4DND4
    Related
    ENSP00000611087.1, ENST00000941028.1

  2. XM_017028769.3 → XP_016884258.1  glutathione hydrolase 5 proenzyme isoform X10

    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    B4DEL3
    Related
    ENSP00000577726.1, ENST00000907667.1

  3. XM_011530135.3 → XP_011528437.1  glutathione hydrolase 5 proenzyme isoform X5

    Related
    ENSP00000577737.1, ENST00000907678.1
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    pfam01019
    Location:60 → 586
    G_glu_transpept; Gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase

  4. XM_005261558.4 → XP_005261615.1  glutathione hydrolase 5 proenzyme isoform X3

    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    B4DND4
    Related
    ENSP00000577728.1, ENST00000907669.1
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    pfam01019
    Location:60 → 612
    G_glu_transpept; Gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase

  5. XM_005261557.4 → XP_005261614.1  glutathione hydrolase 5 proenzyme isoform X2

    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    B4DND4
    Related
    ENSP00000577722.1, ENST00000907663.1
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    pfam01019
    Location:60 → 613
    G_glu_transpept; Gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase

  6. XM_011530134.3 → XP_011528436.1  glutathione hydrolase 5 proenzyme isoform X4

    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    B4DND4
    Related
    ENSP00000577717.1, ENST00000907658.1
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    pfam01019
    Location:60 → 587
    G_glu_transpept; Gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase

  7. XM_011530133.3 → XP_011528435.1  glutathione hydrolase 5 proenzyme isoform X1

    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    B4DND4
    Related
    ENSP00000577729.1, ENST00000907670.1
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    pfam01019
    Location:60 → 618
    G_glu_transpept; Gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase

  8. XM_011530136.3 → XP_011528438.1  glutathione hydrolase 5 proenzyme isoform X8

    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    pfam01019
    Location:60 → 544
    G_glu_transpept; Gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase

  9. XM_047441331.1 → XP_047297287.1  glutathione hydrolase 5 proenzyme isoform X13

  10. XM_047441330.1 → XP_047297286.1  glutathione hydrolase 5 proenzyme isoform X12

    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    B4DND4

  11. XM_047441328.1 → XP_047297284.1  glutathione hydrolase 5 proenzyme isoform X7

  12. XM_047441329.1 → XP_047297285.1  glutathione hydrolase 5 proenzyme isoform X9

    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    B4DND4

  13. XM_011530137.4 → XP_011528439.1  glutathione hydrolase 5 proenzyme isoform X11

    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    B4DND4
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    pfam01019
    Location:60 → 544
    G_glu_transpept; Gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase

Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

Genomic

  1. NC_060946.1 Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

    Range
    24681268..24706753 complement
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. XM_054325532.1 → XP_054181507.1  glutathione hydrolase 5 proenzyme isoform X6

    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    B4DND4

  2. XM_054325536.1 → XP_054181511.1  glutathione hydrolase 5 proenzyme isoform X10

    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    B4DEL3

  3. XM_054325531.1 → XP_054181506.1  glutathione hydrolase 5 proenzyme isoform X5

  4. XM_054325529.1 → XP_054181504.1  glutathione hydrolase 5 proenzyme isoform X3

    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    B4DND4

  5. XM_054325528.1 → XP_054181503.1  glutathione hydrolase 5 proenzyme isoform X2

    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    B4DND4

  6. XM_054325530.1 → XP_054181505.1  glutathione hydrolase 5 proenzyme isoform X4

    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    B4DND4

  7. XM_054325527.1 → XP_054181502.1  glutathione hydrolase 5 proenzyme isoform X1

    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    B4DND4

  8. XM_054325534.1 → XP_054181509.1  glutathione hydrolase 5 proenzyme isoform X8

  9. XM_054325539.1 → XP_054181514.1  glutathione hydrolase 5 proenzyme isoform X13

  10. XM_054325538.1 → XP_054181513.1  glutathione hydrolase 5 proenzyme isoform X12

    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    B4DND4

  11. XM_054325533.1 → XP_054181508.1  glutathione hydrolase 5 proenzyme isoform X7

  12. XM_054325535.1 → XP_054181510.1  glutathione hydrolase 5 proenzyme isoform X9

    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    B4DND4

  13. XM_054325537.1 → XP_054181512.1  glutathione hydrolase 5 proenzyme isoform X11

    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    B4DND4
Nucleotide Protein
Heading Accession and Version
Protein Accession Links
GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
P36269.2 GenPept UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:P36269

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