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GPR161 G protein-coupled receptor 161 [ Homo sapiens (human) ]

Gene ID: 23432, updated on 8-Apr-2026
Official Symbol
GPR161provided by HGNC
Official Full Name
G protein-coupled receptor 161provided by HGNC
Primary source
HGNC:HGNC:23694
See related
Ensembl:ENSG00000143147 MIM:612250; AllianceGenome:HGNC:23694
Gene type
protein coding
RefSeq status
REVIEWED
Organism
Homo sapiens
Lineage
Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
Also known as
RE2
Summary
The protein encoded by this gene is an orphan G protein-coupled receptor whose ligand is unknown. This gene is overexpressed in triple-negative breast cancer, and disruption of this gene slows the proliferation of basal breast cancer cells. Therefore, this gene is a potential drug target for triple-negative breast cancer. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2017]
Expression
Broad expression in endometrium (RPKM 8.0), esophagus (RPKM 3.6) and 20 other tissues See more
Orthologs
all
Try the new Gene page
Try the new Transcripts and proteins table
See GPR161 in Genome Data Viewer
Location:
1q24.2
Exon count:
11
Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
RS_2025_08 current GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40) 1 NC_000001.11 (168079542..168137667, complement)
RS_2025_08 current T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1) 1 NC_060925.1 (167431007..167489154, complement)
RS_2024_09 previous assembly GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25) 1 NC_000001.10 (168048780..168106905, complement)

Chromosome 1 - NC_000001.11Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene DDB1 and CUL4 associated factor 6 Neighboring gene microRNA 1255b-2 Neighboring gene H3K27ac hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr1:168025104-168025604 Neighboring gene Sharpr-MPRA regulatory region 7850 Neighboring gene GCSH pseudogene 5 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr1:168054775-168055275 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr1:168065654-168066154 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr1:168066155-168066655 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 1542 Neighboring gene Sharpr-MPRA regulatory region 11959 Neighboring gene H3K27ac hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr1:168147823-168148324 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 2057 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr1:168163898-168164682 Neighboring gene H3K27ac hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr1:168166417-168166917 Neighboring gene H3K27ac hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr1:168177413-168178005 Neighboring gene TOR signaling pathway regulator Neighboring gene ribosomal protein L34 pseudogene 1

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

  • Project title: Tissue-specific circular RNA induction during human fetal development
  • Description: 35 human fetal samples from 6 tissues (3 - 7 replicates per tissue) collected between 10 and 20 weeks gestational time were sequenced using Illumina TruSeq Stranded Total RNA
  • BioProject: PRJNA270632
  • Publication: PMID 26076956
  • Analysis date: Mon Apr 2 22:54:59 2018

Related articles in PubMed

  1. False positive non-synonymous polymorphisms of G-protein coupled receptor genes. Small KM, et al. FEBS Lett, 2002 Apr 10. PMID 11959142
  2. The structural basis of G-protein-coupled receptor function and dysfunction in human diseases. Schöneberg T, et al. Rev Physiol Biochem Pharmacol, 2002. PMID 11987825
  3. G-protein-coupled receptor GPR161 is overexpressed in breast cancer and is a promoter of cell proliferation and invasion. Feigin ME, et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 2014 Mar 18. PMID 24599592, Free PMC Article
  4. Germline GPR161 Mutations Predispose to Pediatric Medulloblastoma. Begemann M, et al. J Clin Oncol, 2020 Jan 1. PMID 31609649, Free PMC Article
  5. Identification of a novel G-protein coupled receptor expressed in distinct brain regions and a defined olfactory zone. Raming K, et al. Recept Channels, 1998. PMID 9932290

See all (35) citations in PubMed

GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?
  1. Authors describe a novel brain tumor predisposition syndrome that is caused by germline GPR161 mutations and characterized by MBSHH in infants.
    Title: Germline GPR161 Mutations Predispose to Pediatric Medulloblastoma.
  2. rare variants of GPR161 from Spina bifida infants and determination of their functional relevance in the Shh and Wnt signaling pathways
    Title: Dominant negative GPR161 rare variants are risk factors of human spina bifida.
  3. Gpr161 restricts cerebellar granule cell progenitor production by preventing premature and sonic hedgehog-dependent pathway activity, highlighting the importance of basal pathway suppression in tumorigenesis
    Title: Basal Suppression of the Sonic Hedgehog Pathway by the G-Protein-Coupled Receptor Gpr161 Restricts Medulloblastoma Pathogenesis.
  4. Gpr161 is a critical factor in the basal suppression machinery of Shh signaling, neural tube morphogenesis and closure. (Review)
    Title: G-protein-coupled receptor signaling and neural tube closure defects.
  5. Gpr161 is an A-kinase anchoring protein and the cAMP-sensing Gpr161:PKA complex acts as cilium-compartmentalized signalosome
    Title: Gpr161 anchoring of PKA consolidates GPCR and cAMP signaling.
  6. Smoothened determines beta-arrestin-mediated removal of the G protein-coupled receptor Gpr161 from the primary cilium.
    Title: Smoothened determines β-arrestin-mediated removal of the G protein-coupled receptor Gpr161 from the primary cilium.
  7. G-protein-coupled receptor GPR161 is overexpressed in breast cancer and is a promoter of cell proliferation and invasion.
    Title: G-protein-coupled receptor GPR161 is overexpressed in breast cancer and is a promoter of cell proliferation and invasion.
  8. Observational study of gene-disease association. (HuGE Navigator)
    Title: Follow-up of a major linkage peak on chromosome 1 reveals suggestive QTLs associated with essential hypertension: GenNet study.
  9. False positive non-synonymous polymorphisms of G-protein coupled receptor genes.
    Title: False positive non-synonymous polymorphisms of G-protein coupled receptor genes.
Submit: New GeneRIF Correction

Find tests for this gene in the NIH Genetic Testing Registry (GTR)

Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

Associated conditions

Description Tests
Medulloblastoma
MedGen: C0025149 OMIM: 155255 GeneReviews: Not available
Compare labs

See variants in ClinVar

See studies and variants in dbVar

See Variation Viewer (GRCh37.p13)

Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

Markers

Homology

Clone Names

  • FLJ33952

Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

Function Evidence Code Pubs
enables G protein-coupled receptor activity IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
enables G protein-coupled receptor activity IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
enables G protein-coupled receptor activity IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
enables G protein-coupled receptor activity ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
  
enables protein binding IPI
Inferred from Physical Interaction
more info
 PubMed 
enables signaling adaptor activity IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
enables signaling adaptor activity ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
  
Process Evidence Code Pubs
involved_in G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in adenylate cyclase-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
involved_in adenylate cyclase-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in adenylate cyclase-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
  
involved_in cerebellum development ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
  
involved_in forebrain development ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
  
involved_in limb development ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
  
involved_in negative regulation of smoothened signaling pathway IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in negative regulation of smoothened signaling pathway ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
  
involved_in negative regulation of smoothened signaling pathway involved in dorsal/ventral neural tube patterning ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
  
involved_in regulation of neuron migration ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
  
involved_in skeletal system development ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
  
Component Evidence Code Pubs
located_in ciliary membrane IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
located_in ciliary membrane TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
  
located_in endocytic vesicle membrane TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
  
located_in membrane IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
is_active_in non-motile cilium membrane IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
located_in plasma membrane IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
is_active_in recycling endosome IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
is_active_in recycling endosome ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
  
Preferred Names
G-protein coupled receptor 161
Names
G-protein coupled receptor RE2

NEW Try the new Transcript table

RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

Genomic

  1. NG_053052.1 RefSeqGene

    Range
    5738..63126
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. NM_001267609.1 → NP_001254538.1  G-protein coupled receptor 161 isoform 1

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001254538.1

    Status: REVIEWED

    Source sequence(s)
    AA662800, AK299634, AL033532
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS58043.1
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    Q8N6U8
    Related
    ENSP00000441039.1, ENST00000537209.5
    Conserved Domains (2) summary
    pfam00001
    Location:64 → 344
    7tm_1; 7 transmembrane receptor (rhodopsin family)
    cl21561
    Location:55 → 184
    7tm_4; Olfactory receptor

  2. NM_001267610.2 → NP_001254539.1  G-protein coupled receptor 161 isoform 2

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001254539.1

    Status: REVIEWED

    Source sequence(s)
    AL033532
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS1268.1
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    B3KV34, B7Z5D7, B7Z5E8, B7Z5Z6, F5GXD6, F5H6J7, O75963, Q5TGK0, Q5TGK1, Q5TGK2, Q8N6U8
    Related
    ENSP00000356809.1, ENST00000367835.1
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    cd15214
    Location:29 → 335
    7tmA_GPR161; orphan G protein-coupled receptor 161, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors

  3. NM_001267611.1 → NP_001254540.1  G-protein coupled receptor 161 isoform 3

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001254540.1

    Status: REVIEWED

    Source sequence(s)
    AA662800, AK310019, AL033532
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS72978.1
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    A0A0A0MQW8
    Related
    ENSP00000271357.6, ENST00000271357.9
    Conserved Domains (2) summary
    pfam00001
    Location:61 → 341
    7tm_1; 7 transmembrane receptor (rhodopsin family)
    cl21561
    Location:52 → 181
    7tm_4; Olfactory receptor

  4. NM_001267612.2 → NP_001254541.1  G-protein coupled receptor 161 isoform 4

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001254541.1

    Status: REVIEWED

    Source sequence(s)
    AL033532
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS58042.1
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    Q8N6U8
    Related
    ENSP00000356810.1, ENST00000367836.5
    Conserved Domains (2) summary
    cd14964
    Location:10 → 32
    7tm_GPCRs; TM helix 4 [structural motif]
    cl28897
    Location:1 → 203
    7tm_GPCRs; seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptor superfamily

  5. NM_001267613.1 → NP_001254542.1  G-protein coupled receptor 161 isoform 5

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001254542.1

    Status: REVIEWED

    Source sequence(s)
    AA662800, AK298797, AL033532
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS58044.1
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    Q8N6U8
    Related
    ENSP00000437576.1, ENST00000539777.5
    Conserved Domains (2) summary
    cd14964
    Location:68 → 84
    7tm_GPCRs; TM helix 4 [structural motif]
    cl28897
    Location:48 → 257
    7tm_GPCRs; seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptor superfamily

  6. NM_001267614.1 → NP_001254543.1  G-protein coupled receptor 161 isoform 6

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001254543.1

    Status: REVIEWED

    Source sequence(s)
    AA662800, AK298850, AL033532
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS58045.1
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    Q8N6U8
    Related
    ENSP00000444348.1, ENST00000546300.5
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    pfam00001
    Location:12 → 210
    7tm_1; 7 transmembrane receptor (rhodopsin family)

  7. NM_001349632.1 → NP_001336561.1  G-protein coupled receptor 161 isoform 2

    Status: REVIEWED

    Source sequence(s)
    AL033532
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS1268.1
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    B3KV34, B7Z5D7, B7Z5E8, B7Z5Z6, F5GXD6, F5H6J7, O75963, Q5TGK0, Q5TGK1, Q5TGK2, Q8N6U8
    Related
    ENSP00000537392.1, ENST00000867333.1
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    cd15214
    Location:29 → 335
    7tmA_GPR161; orphan G protein-coupled receptor 161, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors

  8. NM_001349633.1 → NP_001336562.1  G-protein coupled receptor 161 isoform 2

    Status: REVIEWED

    Source sequence(s)
    AL033532
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS1268.1
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    B3KV34, B7Z5D7, B7Z5E8, B7Z5Z6, F5GXD6, F5H6J7, O75963, Q5TGK0, Q5TGK1, Q5TGK2, Q8N6U8
    Related
    ENSP00000537387.1, ENST00000867328.1
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    cd15214
    Location:29 → 335
    7tmA_GPR161; orphan G protein-coupled receptor 161, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors

  9. NM_001349634.1 → NP_001336563.1  G-protein coupled receptor 161 isoform 2

    Status: REVIEWED

    Source sequence(s)
    AL033532
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS1268.1
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    B3KV34, B7Z5D7, B7Z5E8, B7Z5Z6, F5GXD6, F5H6J7, O75963, Q5TGK0, Q5TGK1, Q5TGK2, Q8N6U8
    Related
    ENSP00000537385.1, ENST00000867326.1
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    cd15214
    Location:29 → 335
    7tmA_GPR161; orphan G protein-coupled receptor 161, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors

  10. NM_001349635.1 → NP_001336564.1  G-protein coupled receptor 161 isoform 4

    Status: REVIEWED

    Source sequence(s)
    AL033532
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS58042.1
    Conserved Domains (2) summary
    cd14964
    Location:10 → 32
    7tm_GPCRs; TM helix 4 [structural motif]
    cl28897
    Location:1 → 203
    7tm_GPCRs; seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptor superfamily

  11. NM_001375883.1 → NP_001362812.1  G-protein coupled receptor 161 isoform 2

    Status: REVIEWED

    Source sequence(s)
    AL033532
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS1268.1
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    B3KV34, B7Z5D7, B7Z5E8, B7Z5Z6, F5GXD6, F5H6J7, O75963, Q5TGK0, Q5TGK1, Q5TGK2, Q8N6U8
    Related
    ENSP00000506967.1, ENST00000682931.1
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    cd15214
    Location:29 → 335
    7tmA_GPR161; orphan G protein-coupled receptor 161, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors

  12. NM_001375884.1 → NP_001362813.1  G-protein coupled receptor 161 isoform 2

    Status: REVIEWED

    Source sequence(s)
    AL033532
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS1268.1
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    B3KV34, B7Z5D7, B7Z5E8, B7Z5Z6, F5GXD6, F5H6J7, O75963, Q5TGK0, Q5TGK1, Q5TGK2, Q8N6U8
    Related
    ENSP00000537393.1, ENST00000867334.1
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    cd15214
    Location:29 → 335
    7tmA_GPR161; orphan G protein-coupled receptor 161, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors

  13. NM_001375885.1 → NP_001362814.1  G-protein coupled receptor 161 isoform 2

    Status: REVIEWED

    Source sequence(s)
    AL033532
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS1268.1
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    B3KV34, B7Z5D7, B7Z5E8, B7Z5Z6, F5GXD6, F5H6J7, O75963, Q5TGK0, Q5TGK1, Q5TGK2, Q8N6U8
    Related
    ENSP00000537397.1, ENST00000867338.1
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    cd15214
    Location:29 → 335
    7tmA_GPR161; orphan G protein-coupled receptor 161, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors

  14. NM_001381909.1 → NP_001368838.1  G-protein coupled receptor 161 isoform 2

    Status: REVIEWED

    Source sequence(s)
    AL033532
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS1268.1
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    B3KV34, B7Z5D7, B7Z5E8, B7Z5Z6, F5GXD6, F5H6J7, O75963, Q5TGK0, Q5TGK1, Q5TGK2, Q8N6U8
    Related
    ENSP00000537391.1, ENST00000867332.1
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    cd15214
    Location:29 → 335
    7tmA_GPR161; orphan G protein-coupled receptor 161, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors

  15. NM_153832.3 → NP_722561.1  G-protein coupled receptor 161 isoform 2

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_722561.1

    Status: REVIEWED

    Source sequence(s)
    AL033532
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS1268.1
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    B3KV34, B7Z5D7, B7Z5E8, B7Z5Z6, F5GXD6, F5H6J7, O75963, Q5TGK0, Q5TGK1, Q5TGK2, Q8N6U8
    Related
    ENSP00000356812.1, ENST00000367838.5
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    cd15214
    Location:29 → 335
    7tmA_GPR161; orphan G protein-coupled receptor 161, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors

RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001405.40-RS_2025_08

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

Genomic

  1. NC_000001.11 Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

    Range
    168079542..168137667 complement
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

Genomic

  1. NC_060925.1 Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

    Range
    167431007..167489154 complement
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

Suppressed Reference Sequence(s)

The following Reference Sequences have been suppressed. Explain

  1. NM_007369.2: Suppressed sequence

    Description
    NM_007369.2: This RefSeq was suppressed because it mistakenly represents a partial CDS. The full-length CDS is represented in a different record (NM_153832).
Nucleotide Protein
Heading Accession and Version
Protein Accession Links
GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
Q8N6U8.1 GenPept UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:Q8N6U8

Gene LinkOut

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