- ARMS-mediated activation, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
ARMS-mediated activation, organism-specific biosystemARMS (Ankyrin-Rich Membrane Spanning/Kidins 220) is a 220kD tetraspanning adaptor protein which becomes rapidly tyrosine phosphorylated by active Trk receptors. ARMS is another adaptor protein which ...
- Activated point mutants of FGFR2, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Activated point mutants of FGFR2, organism-specific biosystemAutosomal dominant mutations in FGFR2 are associated with the development of a range of skeletal disorders including Beare-Stevensen cutis gyrata syndrome, Pfeiffer syndrome, Jackson-Weiss syndrome, ...
- Adaptive Immune System, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Adaptive Immune System, organism-specific biosystemAdaptive immunity refers to antigen-specific immune response efficiently involved in clearing the pathogens. The adaptive immune system is comprised of B and T lymphocytes that express receptors with...
- Axon guidance, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Axon guidance, organism-specific biosystemAxon guidance / axon pathfinding is the process by which neurons send out axons to reach the correct targets. Growing axons have a highly motile structure at the growing tip called the growth cone, w...
- Breast cancer, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
Breast cancer, organism-specific biosystemBreast cancer is the leading cause of cancer death among women worldwide. The vast majority of breast cancers are carcinomas that originate from cells lining the milk-forming ducts of the mammary gla...
- Breast cancer, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
Breast cancer, conserved biosystemBreast cancer is the leading cause of cancer death among women worldwide. The vast majority of breast cancers are carcinomas that originate from cells lining the milk-forming ducts of the mammary gla...
- Constitutive Signaling by Aberrant PI3K in Cancer, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Constitutive Signaling by Aberrant PI3K in Cancer, organism-specific biosystemSignaling by PI3K/AKT is frequently constitutively activated in cancer via gain-of-function mutations in one of the two PI3K subunits - PI3KCA (encoding the catalytic subunit p110alpha) or PIK3R1 (en...
- Cytokine Signaling in Immune system, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Cytokine Signaling in Immune system, organism-specific biosystemCytokines are small proteins that regulate and mediate immunity, inflammation, and hematopoiesis. They are secreted in response to immune stimuli, and usually act briefly, locally, at very low concen...
- DAP12 interactions, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
DAP12 interactions, organism-specific biosystemDNAX activation protein of 12kDa (DAP12) is an immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif (ITAM)-bearing adapter molecule that transduces activating signals in natural killer (NK) and myeloid cel...
- DAP12 signaling, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
DAP12 signaling, organism-specific biosystemIn response to receptor ligation, the tyrosine residues in DAP12's immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif (ITAM) are phosphorylated by Src family kinases. These phosphotyrosines form the dock...
- Developmental Biology, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Developmental Biology, organism-specific biosystemAs a first step towards capturing the array of processes by which a fertilized egg gives rise to the diverse tissues of the body, examples of three kinds of processes have been annotated. These are a...
- Differentiation Pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
Differentiation Pathway, organism-specific biosystemThis pathway provides an overview of the directed differentiation molecules used to induce early and derivative cell lineages from human pluripotent stem cells. The initial version of this pathway is...
- Disease, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Disease, organism-specific biosystemBiological processes are captured in Reactome by identifying the molecules (DNA, RNA, protein, small molecules) involved in them and describing the details of their interactions. From this molecular ...
- Diseases of signal transduction, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Diseases of signal transduction, organism-specific biosystemSignaling processes are central to human physiology (e.g., Pires-da Silva & Sommer 2003), and their disruption by either germ-line and somatic mutation can lead to serious disease. Here, the molecula...
- Downstream signal transduction, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Downstream signal transduction, organism-specific biosystemThe role of autophosphorylation sites on PDGF receptors are to provide docking sites for downstream signal transduction molecules which contain SH2 domains. The SH2 domain is a conserved motif of aro...
- Downstream signaling events of B Cell Receptor (BCR), organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Downstream signaling events of B Cell Receptor (BCR), organism-specific biosystemSecond messengers (calcium, diacylglycerol, inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate, and phosphatidyinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate) trigger signaling pathways: NF-kappaB is activated via protein kinase C beta, RA...
- Downstream signaling of activated FGFR1, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Downstream signaling of activated FGFR1, organism-specific biosystemSignaling via FGFRs is mediated via direct recruitment of signaling proteins that bind to tyrosine auto-phosphorylation sites on the activated receptor and via closely linked docking proteins that be...
- Downstream signaling of activated FGFR2, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Downstream signaling of activated FGFR2, organism-specific biosystemSignaling via FGFRs is mediated via direct recruitment of signaling proteins that bind to tyrosine auto-phosphorylation sites on the activated receptor and via closely linked docking proteins that be...
- FCERI mediated MAPK activation, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
FCERI mediated MAPK activation, organism-specific biosystemFormation of the LAT signaling complex leads to activation of MAPK and production of cytokines. The sequence of events that leads from LAT to cytokine production has not been as clearly defined as th...
- FGFR1 ligand binding and activation, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
FGFR1 ligand binding and activation, organism-specific biosystemThe vertebrate fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) is alternatively spliced generating multiple variants that are differentially expressed during embryo development and in the adult body. The...
- FGFR1b ligand binding and activation, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
FGFR1b ligand binding and activation, organism-specific biosystemThis pathway depicts the binding of an experimentally-verified range of ligands to FGFR1b. While binding affinities may vary considerably within this set, the ligands listed have been established to ...
- FGFR2 ligand binding and activation, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
FGFR2 ligand binding and activation, organism-specific biosystemDominant mutations in the fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2) gene have been identified as causes of four phenotypically distinct craniosynostosis syndromes, including Crouzon, Jackson- Weiss...
- FGFR2 mutant receptor activation, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
FGFR2 mutant receptor activation, organism-specific biosystemAutosomal dominant mutations in FGFR2 are associated with the development of a range of skeletal disorders including Beare-Stevensen cutis gyrata syndrome, Pfeiffer syndrome, Jackson-Weiss syndrome, ...
- FGFR2b ligand binding and activation, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
FGFR2b ligand binding and activation, organism-specific biosystemThis pathway depicts the binding of an experimentally-verified range of ligands to FGFR2b. While binding affinities may vary considerably within this set, the ligands listed have been established to ...
- FGFRL1 modulation of FGFR1 signaling, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
FGFRL1 modulation of FGFR1 signaling, organism-specific biosystemFGFRL1 is a fifth member of the FGFR family of receptors. The extracellular region has 40% sequence similarity with FGFR1-4, but FGFRL1 lacks the internal kinase domain of the other FGF receptors and...
- FRS-mediated FGFR1 signaling, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
FRS-mediated FGFR1 signaling, organism-specific biosystemThe FRS family of scaffolding adaptor proteins has two members, FRS2 (also known as FRS2 alpha) and FRS3 (also known as FRS2beta or SNT-2). Activation of FGFR tyrosine kinase allows FRS proteins to ...
- FRS-mediated FGFR2 signaling, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
FRS-mediated FGFR2 signaling, organism-specific biosystemThe FRS family of scaffolding adaptor proteins has two members, FRS2 (also known as FRS2 alpha) and FRS3 (also known as FRS2beta or SNT-2). Activation of FGFR tyrosine kinase allows FRS proteins to ...
- Fc epsilon receptor (FCERI) signaling, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Fc epsilon receptor (FCERI) signaling, organism-specific biosystemMast cells (MC) are distributed in tissues throughout the human body and have long been recognized as key cells of type I hypersensitivity reactions. They also play important roles in inflammatory an...
- Frs2-mediated activation, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Frs2-mediated activation, organism-specific biosystemThe adaptor protein Frs2 (Fibroblast growth factor receptor substrate 2) can mediate the prolonged activation of the MAPK (ERK) cascade.
- GAB1 signalosome, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
GAB1 signalosome, organism-specific biosystemGAB1 is recruited to the activated EGFR indirectly, through GRB2. GAB1 acts as an adaptor protein that enables formation of an active PIK3, through recruitment of PIK3 regulatory subunit PIK3R1 (also...
- GRB2 events in EGFR signaling, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
GRB2 events in EGFR signaling, organism-specific biosystemAutophosphorylated EGFR tyrosine residues are docking sites for many downstream effectors in EGFR signaling. The adaptor protein GRB2 binds to phosphotyrosine residues in the C-tail of EGFR through i...
- Gastrin-CREB signalling pathway via PKC and MAPK, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Gastrin-CREB signalling pathway via PKC and MAPK, organism-specific biosystemGastrin is a hormone whose main function is to stimulate secretion of hydrochloric acid by the gastric mucosa, which results in gastrin formation inhibition. This hormone also acts as a mitogenic fac...
- Heart Development, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
Heart Development, organism-specific biosystemThis pathway has been largely adapted from an article by Deepak Srivastava, Cell. 2006 Sep 22;126(6):1037-48. In this pathway are known transcription factors, miRNAs and regulatory proteins that impa...
- IGF1R signaling cascade, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
IGF1R signaling cascade, organism-specific biosystemAfter autophosphorylation the type 1 insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF1R) binds and phosphorylates scaffold proteins, IRS1/2/4 and SHC1, which in turn bind effectors possessing enzymatic activ...
- IRS-mediated signalling, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
IRS-mediated signalling, organism-specific biosystemRelease of phospho-IRS from the insulin receptor triggers a cascade of signalling events via PI3K, SOS, RAF and the MAP kinases.
- IRS-related events triggered by IGF1R, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
IRS-related events triggered by IGF1R, organism-specific biosystemThe phosphorylated type 1 insulin-like growth factor receptor phosphorylates IR1, IRS2, IRS4 and possibly other IRS/DOK family members (reviewed in Pavelic et al. 2007, Chitnis et al. 2008, Maki et a...
- Immune System, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Immune System, organism-specific biosystemHumans are exposed to millions of potential pathogens daily, through contact, ingestion, and inhalation. Our ability to avoid infection depends on the adaptive immune system and during the first crit...
- Innate Immune System, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Innate Immune System, organism-specific biosystemInnate immunity encompases the nonspecific part of immunity tha are part of an individual's natural biologic makeup
- Insulin receptor signalling cascade, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Insulin receptor signalling cascade, organism-specific biosystemAutophosphorylation of the insulin receptor triggers a series of signalling events, mediated by SHC or IRS, and resulting in activation of the Ras/RAF and MAP kinase cascades. A second effect of the ...
- Interleukin receptor SHC signaling, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Interleukin receptor SHC signaling, organism-specific biosystemPhosphorylation of Shc at three tyrosine residues, 239, 240 (Gotoh et al. 1996) and 317 (Salcini et al. 1994) involves unidentified tyrosine kinases presumed to be part of the activated receptor comp...
- Interleukin-2 signaling, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Interleukin-2 signaling, organism-specific biosystemInterleukin-2 (IL-2) is a cytokine that is produced by T cells in response to antigen stimulation. Originally, IL-2 was discovered because of its potent growth factor activity on activated T cells in...
- Interleukin-3, 5 and GM-CSF signaling, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Interleukin-3, 5 and GM-CSF signaling, organism-specific biosystemThe Interleukin-3 (IL-3), IL-5 and Granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) receptors form a family of heterodimeric receptors that have specific alpha chains but share a common beta...
- MAPK family signaling cascades, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
MAPK family signaling cascades, organism-specific biosystemThe mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are a family of conserved protein serine threonine kinases that respond to varied extracellular stimuli to activate intracellular processes including gen...
- MAPK signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
MAPK signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystemThe mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade is a highly conserved module that is involved in various cellular functions, including cell proliferation, differentiation and migration. Mammals e...
- MAPK signaling pathway, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
MAPK signaling pathway, conserved biosystemThe mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade is a highly conserved module that is involved in various cellular functions, including cell proliferation, differentiation and migration. Mammals e...
- MAPK1/MAPK3 signaling, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
MAPK1/MAPK3 signaling, organism-specific biosystemThe extracellular signal regulated kinases (ERKs) 1 and 2, also known as MAPK3 and MAPK1, are phosphorylated by the MAP2Ks 1 and 2 in response to a wide range of extracellular stimuli to promote diff...
- Melanoma, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
Melanoma, organism-specific biosystemMelanoma is a form of skin cancer that has a poor prognosis and which is on the rise in Western populations. Melanoma arises from the malignant transformation of pigment-producing cells, melanocytes...
- Melanoma, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
Melanoma, conserved biosystemMelanoma is a form of skin cancer that has a poor prognosis and which is on the rise in Western populations. Melanoma arises from the malignant transformation of pigment-producing cells, melanocytes...
- NCAM signaling for neurite out-growth, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
NCAM signaling for neurite out-growth, organism-specific biosystemThe neural cell adhesion molecule, NCAM, is a member of the immunoglobulin (Ig) superfamily and is involved in a variety of cellular processes of importance for the formation and maintenance of the n...
- NGF signalling via TRKA from the plasma membrane, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
NGF signalling via TRKA from the plasma membrane, organism-specific biosystemTrk receptors signal from the plasma membrane and from intracellular membranes, particularly from early endosomes. Signalling from the plasma membrane is fast but transient; signalling from endosomes...
- Negative regulation of FGFR1 signaling, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Negative regulation of FGFR1 signaling, organism-specific biosystemOnce activated, the FGFR signaling pathway is regulated by numerous negative feedback mechanisms. These include downregulation of receptors through CBL-mediated ubiquitination and endocytosis, ERK-m...
- Negative regulation of FGFR2 signaling, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Negative regulation of FGFR2 signaling, organism-specific biosystemOnce activated, the FGFR signaling pathway is regulated by numerous negative feedback mechanisms. These include downregulation of receptors through CBL-mediated ubiquitination and endocytosis, ERK-m...
- Negative regulation of the PI3K/AKT network, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Negative regulation of the PI3K/AKT network, organism-specific biosystemThe PI3K/AKT network is negatively regulated by phosphatases that dephosphorylate PIP3, thus hampering AKT activation.
- PI-3K cascade:FGFR1, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
PI-3K cascade:FGFR1, organism-specific biosystemThe ability of growth factors to protect from apoptosis is primarily due to the activation of the AKT survival pathway. P-I-3-kinase dependent activation of PDK leads to the activation of AKT which i...
- PI-3K cascade:FGFR2, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
PI-3K cascade:FGFR2, organism-specific biosystemThe ability of growth factors to protect from apoptosis is primarily due to the activation of the AKT survival pathway. P-I-3-kinase dependent activation of PDK leads to the activation of AKT which i...
- PI3K Cascade, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
PI3K Cascade, organism-specific biosystem
PI3K Cascade
- PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystemThe phosphatidylinositol 3' -kinase(PI3K)-Akt signaling pathway is activated by many types of cellular stimuli or toxic insults and regulates fundamental cellular functions such as transcription, tra...
- PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, conserved biosystemThe phosphatidylinositol 3' -kinase(PI3K)-Akt signaling pathway is activated by many types of cellular stimuli or toxic insults and regulates fundamental cellular functions such as transcription, tra...
- PI3K/AKT Signaling in Cancer, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
PI3K/AKT Signaling in Cancer, organism-specific biosystemClass IA PI3K is a heterodimer of a p85 regulatory subunit (encoded by PIK3R1, PIK3R2 or PIK3R3) and a p110 catalytic subunit (encoded by PIK3CA, PIK3CB or PIK3CD). In the absence of activating signa...
- PI3K/AKT activation, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
PI3K/AKT activation, organism-specific biosystemPI3K/AKT signalling is a major regulator of neuron survival. It blocks cell death by both impinging on the cytoplasmic cell death machinery and by regulating the expression of genes involved in cell...
- PI5P, PP2A and IER3 Regulate PI3K/AKT Signaling, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
PI5P, PP2A and IER3 Regulate PI3K/AKT Signaling, organism-specific biosystemPhosphatidylinositol-5-phosphate (PI5P) may modulate PI3K/AKT signaling in several ways. PI5P is used as a substrate for production of phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate, PI(4,5)P2 (Rameh et al. 1...
- PIP3 activates AKT signaling, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
PIP3 activates AKT signaling, organism-specific biosystemSignaling by AKT is one of the key outcomes of receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) activation. AKT is activated by the cellular second messenger PIP3, a phospholipid that is generated by PI3K. In ustimula...
- Pathways in cancer, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
Pathways in cancer, organism-specific biosystem
Pathways in cancer
- Phospholipase C-mediated cascade: FGFR1, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Phospholipase C-mediated cascade: FGFR1, organism-specific biosystemPhospholipase C-gamma (PLC-gamma) is a substrate of the fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) and other receptors with tyrosine kinase activity. It is known that the src homology region 2 (SH2 dom...
- Phospholipase C-mediated cascade; FGFR2, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Phospholipase C-mediated cascade; FGFR2, organism-specific biosystemPhospholipase C-gamma (PLC-gamma) is a substrate of the fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) and other receptors with tyrosine kinase activity. It is known that the src homology region 2 (SH2 dom...
- Prolonged ERK activation events, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Prolonged ERK activation events, organism-specific biosystemAfter NGF binding, activated Trk receptors provide multiple docking sites for adaptor proteins and enzymes. Two docking proteins, the Ankyrin-Rich Membrane Spanning protein (ARMS/Kidins220) and Fibro...
- RAF/MAP kinase cascade, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
RAF/MAP kinase cascade, organism-specific biosystemThe RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK pathway regulates processes such as proliferation, differentiation, survival, senescence and cell motility in response to growth factors, hormones and cytokines, among others. Bin...
- RET signaling, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
RET signaling, organism-specific biosystemThe RET proto-oncogene encodes a receptor tyrosine kinase expressed primarily in urogenital precursor cells, spermatogonocytes, dopaminergic neurons, motor neurons and neural crest progenitors and de...
- Rap1 signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
Rap1 signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystemRap1 is a small GTPase that controls diverse processes, such as cell adhesion, cell-cell junction formation and cell polarity. Like all G proteins, Rap1 cycles between an inactive GDP-bound and an ac...
- Rap1 signaling pathway, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
Rap1 signaling pathway, conserved biosystemRap1 is a small GTPase that controls diverse processes, such as cell adhesion, cell-cell junction formation and cell polarity. Like all G proteins, Rap1 cycles between an inactive GDP-bound and an ac...
- Ras signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
Ras signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystemThe Ras proteins are GTPases that function as molecular switches for signaling pathways regulating cell proliferation, survival, growth, migration, differentiation or cytoskeletal dynamism. Ras prote...
- Regulation of Actin Cytoskeleton, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
Regulation of Actin Cytoskeleton, organism-specific biosystemhttp://www.genome.jp/kegg/pathway/hsa/hsa04810.html
- Regulation of actin cytoskeleton, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
Regulation of actin cytoskeleton, organism-specific biosystem
Regulation of actin cytoskeleton
- Regulation of actin cytoskeleton, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
Regulation of actin cytoskeleton, conserved biosystem
Regulation of actin cytoskeleton
- Regulation of beta-cell development, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Regulation of beta-cell development, organism-specific biosystemThe normal development of the pancreas during gestation has been intensively investigated over the past decade especially in the mouse (Servitja and Ferrer 2004; Chakrabarti and Mirmira 2003). Studie...
- Regulation of gene expression in early pancreatic precursor cells, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Regulation of gene expression in early pancreatic precursor cells, organism-specific biosystemThe properties of transcriptional networks early in the differentiation of human pancreatic cells are inferred from the properties of well-studied networks in mouse models. In mice, the first visible...
- Role of LAT2/NTAL/LAB on calcium mobilization, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Role of LAT2/NTAL/LAB on calcium mobilization, organism-specific biosystemThe lipid raft resident adaptor molecules LAT1 and Non-T cell activation linker (NTAL), also known as linker for activation of B cells (LAB)/LAT2 are known participants in the regulation of mast cell...
- SHC-mediated cascade:FGFR1, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
SHC-mediated cascade:FGFR1, organism-specific biosystemThe exact role of SHC1 in FGFR signaling remains unclear. Numerous studies have shown that the p46 and p52 isoforms of SHC1 are phosphorylated in response to FGF stimulation, but direct interaction...
- SHC-mediated cascade:FGFR2, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
SHC-mediated cascade:FGFR2, organism-specific biosystemThe exact role of SHC1 in FGFR signaling remains unclear. Numerous studies have shown that the p46 and p52 isoforms of SHC1 are phosphorylated in response to FGF stimulation, but direct interaction...
- SHC1 events in EGFR signaling, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
SHC1 events in EGFR signaling, organism-specific biosystemGRB2 can bind EGFR directly or through another SH2-containing protein, SHC1. This association leads to RAS activation.
- SOS-mediated signalling, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
SOS-mediated signalling, organism-specific biosystemSOS is recruited to the plasma membrane and mediates activation of Ras.
- Signal Transduction, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Signal Transduction, organism-specific biosystemSignal transduction is a process in which extracellular signals elicit changes in cell state and activity. Transmembrane receptors sense changes in the cellular environment by binding ligands, such a...
- Signaling by EGFR, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Signaling by EGFR, organism-specific biosystemThe epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is one member of the ERBB family of transmembrane glycoprotein tyrosine receptor kinases (RTK). Binding of EGFR to its ligands induces conformational chang...
- Signaling by FGFR, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Signaling by FGFR, organism-specific biosystemThe 22 members of the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family of growth factors mediate their cellular responses by binding to and activating the different isoforms encoded by the four receptor tyrosin...
- Signaling by FGFR in disease, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Signaling by FGFR in disease, organism-specific biosystemA number of skeletal and developmental diseases have been shown to arise as a result of mutations in the FGFR1, 2 and 3 genes. These include dwarfism syndromes (achondroplasia, hypochondroplasia and...
- Signaling by FGFR1, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Signaling by FGFR1, organism-specific biosystemThe 22 members of the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family of growth factors mediate their cellular responses by binding to and activating the different isoforms encoded by the four receptor tyrosin...
- Signaling by FGFR2, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Signaling by FGFR2, organism-specific biosystemThe 22 members of the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family of growth factors mediate their cellular responses by binding to and activating the different isoforms encoded by the four receptor tyrosin...
- Signaling by FGFR2 in disease, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Signaling by FGFR2 in disease, organism-specific biosystemThe FGFR2 gene has been shown to be subject to activating mutations and gene amplification leading to a variety of proliferative and developmental disorders depending on whether these events occur in...
- Signaling by GPCR, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Signaling by GPCR, organism-specific biosystemG protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs; 7TM receptors; seven transmembrane domain receptors; heptahelical receptors; G protein-linked receptors [GPLR]) are the largest family of transmembrane receptors i...
- Signaling by Insulin receptor, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Signaling by Insulin receptor, organism-specific biosystemInsulin binding to its receptor results in receptor autophosphorylation on tyrosine residues and the tyrosine phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrates (e.g. IRS and Shc) by the insulin receptor...
- Signaling by Interleukins, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Signaling by Interleukins, organism-specific biosystemInterleukins are low molecular weight proteins that bind to cell surface receptors and act in an autocrine and/or paracrine fashion. They were first identified as factors produced by leukocytes but a...
- Signaling by Leptin, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Signaling by Leptin, organism-specific biosystemLeptin (LEP, OB, OBS), a circulating adipokine, and its receptor LEPR (DB, OBR) control food intake and energy balance and are implicated in obesity-related diseases (recently reviewed in Amitani et ...
- Signaling by PDGF, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Signaling by PDGF, organism-specific biosystemPlatelet-derived Growth Factor (PDGF) is a potent stimulator of growth and motility of connective tissue cells such as fibroblasts and smooth muscle cells as well as other cells such as capillary end...
- Signaling by SCF-KIT, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Signaling by SCF-KIT, organism-specific biosystemStem cell factor (SCF) is a growth factor with membrane bound and soluble forms. It is expressed by fibroblasts and endothelial cells throughout the body, promoting proliferation, migration, survival...
- Signaling by Type 1 Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 Receptor (IGF1R), organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Signaling by Type 1 Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 Receptor (IGF1R), organism-specific biosystemBinding of IGF1 (IGF-I) or IGF2 (IGF-II) to the extracellular alpha peptides of the type 1 insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF1R) triggers the activation of two major signaling pathways: the SOS...
- Signaling by VEGF, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Signaling by VEGF, organism-specific biosystemIn normal development vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs) are crucial regulators of vascular development during embryogenesis (vasculogenesis) and blood-vessel formation in the adult (angioge...
- Signaling by the B Cell Receptor (BCR), organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Signaling by the B Cell Receptor (BCR), organism-specific biosystemMature B cells express IgM and IgD immunoglobulins which are complexed at the plasma membrane with Ig-alpha (CD79A, MB-1) and Ig-beta (CD79B, B29) to form the B cell receptor (BCR) (Fu et al. 1974, F...
- Signalling by NGF, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Signalling by NGF, organism-specific biosystemNeurotrophins (NGF, BDNF, NT-3, NT-4/5) play pivotal roles in survival, differentiation, and plasticity of neurons in the peripheral and central nervous system. They are produced, and secreted in mi...
- Signalling to ERKs, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Signalling to ERKs, organism-specific biosystemNeurotrophins utilize multiple pathways to activate ERKs (ERK1 and ERK2), a subgroup of the large MAP kinase (MAPK) family, from the plasma membrane. The major signalling pathways to ERKs are via RAS...
- Signalling to RAS, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Signalling to RAS, organism-specific biosystemSignalling through Shc adaptor proteins appears to be identical for both NGF and EGF. It leads to a fast, but transient, MAPK/ERK activation, which is insufficient to explain the prolonged activation...
- Signalling to p38 via RIT and RIN, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Signalling to p38 via RIT and RIN, organism-specific biosystemRIT and RIN are two small guanine nucleotide binding proteins that share more than 50% sequence identity with RAS, including highly conserved core effector domains. Unlike RAS, the C termini of RIT a...
- VEGFA-VEGFR2 Pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
VEGFA-VEGFR2 Pathway, organism-specific biosystemAngiogenesis is the formation of new blood vessels from preexisting vasculature. One of the most important proangiogenic factors is vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). VEGF exerts its biologic...
- VEGFR2 mediated cell proliferation, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
VEGFR2 mediated cell proliferation, organism-specific biosystemVEGFR2 stimulates ERK not via GRB2-SOS-RAS, but via pY1175-dependent phosphorylation of PLC gamma and subsequent activation of PKCs. PKC plays an important mediatory role in the proliferative Ras/Raf...