par-6 Partitioning defective protein 6 [Caenorhabditis elegans] - Gene

Summary

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Official Symbol: par-6
Official Full Name: Partitioning defective protein 6
Primary source: WormBase:WBGene00003921
Locus tag: CELE_T26E3.3
See related: AllianceGenome:WB:WBGene00003921
Gene type: protein coding
RefSeq status: REVIEWED
Organism: Caenorhabditis elegans (strain: Bristol N2)
Lineage: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Ecdysozoa; Nematoda; Chromadorea; Rhabditida; Rhabditina; Rhabditomorpha; Rhabditoidea; Rhabditidae; Peloderinae; Caenorhabditis
Summary: Enables protein kinase C binding activity and small GTPase binding activity. Involved in several processes, including establishment of mitotic spindle localization; gonad development; and polarity specification of anterior/posterior axis. Located in P granule and cell cortex. Is integral component of membrane. Is expressed in several structures, including AB; EMS; P0; Psub1; and excretory cell. Orthologous to several human genes including PARD6B (par-6 family cell polarity regulator beta) and PARD6G (par-6 family cell polarity regulator gamma). [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Apr 2022]
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Genomic context

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Location:: chromosome: I

Exon count:: 8

Sequence:: Chromosome: I; NC_003279.8 (12669380..12674447)

Chromosome I - NC_003279.8 Genomic Context describing neighboring genes

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Go to reference sequence details

Genomic Sequence:: NC_003279.8

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Bibliography

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GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

A polarity pathway for exocyst-dependent intracellular tube extension.
Title: A polarity pathway for exocyst-dependent intracellular tube extension.
Epidermal PAR-6 and PKC-3 are essential for larval development of C. elegans and organize non-centrosomal microtubules.
Title: Epidermal PAR-6 and PKC-3 are essential for larval development of C. elegans and organize non-centrosomal microtubules.
we find that vab-1 lies in the same genetic pathway as cdc-42 and is responsible for polarizing CDC-42 activity to the medial tip. Together, these data establish a previously uncharacterized role for polarized CDC-42, in conjunction with PAR-6, PAR-3 and an Eph receptor(vab-1), during epithelial intercalation.
Title: CDC-42 Orients Cell Migration during Epithelial Intercalation in the Caenorhabditis elegans Epidermis.
Our results support a model in which CYB-2.1/2/CDK-1 antagonize CUL-2 activity to promote stabilization of PAR-6 levels during polarization of the early C. elegans embryo.
Title: CDK-1 and two B-type cyclins promote PAR-6 stabilization during polarization of the early C. elegans embryo.
the arcade cell epithelium polarizes by a PAR-6-mediated pathway that is independent of E-cadherin, beta-integrin and beta-laminin.
Title: PAR-6, but not E-cadherin and β-integrin, is necessary for epithelial polarization in C. elegans.
PAR-3 and PAR-6 function in cytokinesis may be partially redundant and play a role in the maintenance of DYN-1 in the cleavage furrow.
Title: Anterior PAR proteins function during cytokinesis and maintain DYN-1 at the cleavage furrow in Caenorhabditis elegans.
evidence PAR polarity arises from coupling of advective transport by flowing cell cortex to a multistable PAR reaction-diffusion system; advection in active, flowing medium provides mechanism for mechanically templated pattern formation in development
Title: Polarization of PAR proteins by advective triggering of a pattern-forming system.
Centrosomes localize apically by first moving toward lateral foci of the conserved polarity proteins PAR-3 and PAR-6, then move together with these foci toward the future apical surface. Embryos lacking PAR-3 fail to localize their centrosomes apically.
Title: A role for the centrosome and PAR-3 in the hand-off of MTOC function during epithelial polarization.
PAR-2 and PAR-6, which localize to opposing PAR domains, undergo exchange between well mixed cytoplasmic populations and laterally diffusing membrane-associated states
Title: PAR proteins diffuse freely across the anterior-posterior boundary in polarized C. elegans embryos.
Binding to PKC-3, but not to PAR-3 or to a conventional PDZ domain ligand, is required for PAR-6 function in C. elegans
Title: Binding to PKC-3, but not to PAR-3 or to a conventional PDZ domain ligand, is required for PAR-6 function in C. elegans.

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Interactions

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Products	Interactant	Other Gene	Complex	Source	Pubs	Description

General gene information

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Markers

T26E3.3 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:322337

Homology

Orthologs from OrthoDB

Gene Ontology Provided by WormBase

Function	Evidence Code	Pubs
enables protein binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed
enables protein kinase C binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed
enables small GTPase binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed

Process	Evidence Code	Pubs
involved_in cell adhesion	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in cell adhesion	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in cell cycle	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in cell differentiation	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in cell division	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in centrosome cycle	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in establishment of mitotic spindle localization	IGI Inferred from Genetic Interaction more info	PubMed
involved_in establishment or maintenance of cell polarity	IGI Inferred from Genetic Interaction more info	PubMed
involved_in gastrulation	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in gastrulation	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in gonad development	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in gonadal mesoderm development	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in polarity specification of anterior/posterior axis	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in single fertilization	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info

Component	Evidence Code	Pubs
located_in P granule	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in bicellular tight junction	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in cell cortex	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in cytoplasm	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in extrinsic component of cytoplasmic side of plasma membrane	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in plasma membrane	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info

General protein information

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Preferred Names: Partitioning defective protein 6

NP_001040687.1

Confirmed by transcript evidence

NP_001040688.1

Confirmed by transcript evidence

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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Genome Annotation

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference assembly

Genomic

NC_003279.8 Reference assembly

Range

12669380..12674447

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GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

NM_001047222.7 → NP_001040687.1 Partitioning defective protein 6 [Caenorhabditis elegans]

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001040687.1

Status: REVIEWED

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

Q1ZXS2, Q9NAN2, Q9XY93

Conserved Domains (2) summary

cd06403
Location:15 → 96

PB1_Par6; The PB1 domain is an essential part of Par6 protein which in complex with Par3 and aPKC proteins is crucial for establishment of apical-basal polarity of animal cells. The PB1 domain is a modular domain mediating specific protein-protein interactions ...

cd00992
Location:155 → 246

PDZ_signaling; PDZ domain found in a variety of Eumetazoan signaling molecules, often in tandem arrangements. May be responsible for specific protein-protein interactions, as most PDZ domains bind C-terminal polypeptides, and binding to internal (non-C-terminal) ...
NM_001047223.5 → NP_001040688.1 Partitioning defective protein 6 [Caenorhabditis elegans]

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001040688.1

Status: REVIEWED

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

Q9NAN2

Conserved Domains (1) summary

cd00992
Location:35 → 126

PDZ_signaling; PDZ domain found in a variety of Eumetazoan signaling molecules, often in tandem arrangements. May be responsible for specific protein-protein interactions, as most PDZ domains bind C-terminal polypeptides, and binding to internal (non-C-terminal) ...