Gpam glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase, mitochondrial [Mus musculus (house mouse)] - Gene

Summary

Official Symbol: Gpamprovided by MGI
Official Full Name: glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase, mitochondrialprovided by MGI
Primary source: MGI:MGI:109162
See related: Ensembl:ENSMUSG00000024978 AllianceGenome:MGI:109162
Gene type: protein coding
RefSeq status: VALIDATED
Organism: Mus musculus
Lineage: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Glires; Rodentia; Myomorpha; Muroidea; Muridae; Murinae; Mus; Mus
Also known as: P90; GPAT; GPAT1; GPAT-1
Summary: Enables glycerol-3-phosphate O-acyltransferase activity. Involved in triglyceride biosynthetic process. Acts upstream of or within several processes, including fatty acid homeostasis; glycerolipid metabolic process; and negative regulation of activation-induced cell death of T cells. Located in mitochondrion. Is active in mitochondrial outer membrane. Is expressed in several structures, including alimentary system; genitourinary system; nervous system; respiratory system; and sensory organ. Orthologous to human GPAM (glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase, mitochondrial). [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Jun 2025]
Expression: Broad expression in adrenal adult (RPKM 73.0), subcutaneous fat pad adult (RPKM 64.9) and 23 other tissues See more
Orthologs: human all
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Genomic context

Location:: 19 D2; 19 50.81 cM

Exon count:: 26

Annotation release	Status	Assembly	Chr	Location
RS_2024_02	current	GRCm39 (GCF_000001635.27)	19	NC_000085.7 (55056067..55115666, complement)
108.20200622	previous assembly	GRCm38.p6 (GCF_000001635.26)	19	NC_000085.6 (55067635..55127319, complement)

Chromosome 19 - NC_000085.7 Genomic Context describing neighboring genes

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Go to reference sequence details

Genomic Sequence:

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Expression

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See details

Project title: Mouse ENCODE transcriptome data
Description: RNA profiling data sets generated by the Mouse ENCODE project.
BioProject: PRJNA66167
Publication: PMID 25409824
Analysis date: n/a

Bibliography

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GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

GPAT1 Activity and Abundant Palmitic Acid Impair Insulin Suppression of Hepatic Glucose Production in Primary Mouse Hepatocytes.
Title: GPAT1 Activity and Abundant Palmitic Acid Impair Insulin Suppression of Hepatic Glucose Production in Primary Mouse Hepatocytes.
GPAT1 Deficiency in Mice Modulates NASH Progression in a Model-Dependent Manner.
Title: GPAT1 Deficiency in Mice Modulates NASH Progression in a Model-Dependent Manner.
GPAT Gene Silencing in Muscle Reduces Diacylglycerols Content and Improves Insulin Action in Diet-Induced Insulin Resistance.
Title: GPAT Gene Silencing in Muscle Reduces Diacylglycerols Content and Improves Insulin Action in Diet-Induced Insulin Resistance.
Preserved insulin receptor activity was supported by Thr-308 phosphorylation of Akt following GPAT1 overexpression in Them2 -/- hepatocytes.
Title: Thioesterase superfamily member 2 promotes hepatic insulin resistance in the setting of glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase 1-induced steatosis.
Silencing of GPAT1 by gpat1 siRNA transfection reduced glucosamine-mediated anti-apoptosis in mouse embryonic stem cells and reduced mammalian target of rapamycin phosphorylation.
Title: Glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase-1 upregulation by O-GlcNAcylation of Sp1 protects against hypoxia-induced mouse embryonic stem cell apoptosis via mTOR activation.
GPAT1, but not GPAT4, is required to incorporate de novo synthesized fatty acids into TAG and to divert them away from oxidation.
Title: Glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase (GPAT)-1, but not GPAT4, incorporates newly synthesized fatty acids into triacylglycerol and diminishes fatty acid oxidation.
GPAT1 deletion is capable of reducing the number of new T cells produced via alterations in membrane receptor function.
Title: Glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase-1 gene ablation results in altered thymocyte lipid content and reduces thymic T cell production in mice.
In the neonatal liver, DNA methylation of the Gpam promoter inhibited recruitment of the lipogenic transcription factor SREBP-1c, whereas in the adult, decreased DNA methylation resulted in active chromatin conformation, allowing recruitment of SREBP-1c.
Title: Role of DNA methylation in the regulation of lipogenic glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase 1 gene expression in the mouse neonatal liver.
It was hypothesized that GPAT isoform GPAT1 might influence liver susceptibility to tumorigenesis. Data show that alterations in the formation of complex lipids catalyzed by Gpat1 reduce susceptibility to DEN-induced liver tumorigenesis.
Title: Mice deficient in glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase-1 have a reduced susceptibility to liver cancer.
Sterol regulatory element binding protein 1 mediated induction of hepatic steatosis in obese mice requires Gpat1.
Title: Glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase 1 deficiency in ob/ob mice diminishes hepatic steatosis but does not protect against insulin resistance or obesity.

Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (20)

Variation

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Alleles

Alleles of this type are documented at Mouse Genome Informatics (MGI)

Endonuclease-mediated (5) 1 citation
Targeted (6) 1 citation

Interactions

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Products	Interactant	Other Gene	Complex	Source	Pubs	Description

General gene information

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Markers

M77003 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:181258

Gpam (e-PCR), detects polymorphism
- UniSTS:506945

PMC134068P1 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:270724

STS-F04204 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:44691

Gene Ontology Provided by MGI

Function	Evidence Code	Pubs
enables O-acyltransferase activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables acyltransferase activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables glycerol-3-phosphate O-acyltransferase activity	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
enables glycerol-3-phosphate O-acyltransferase activity	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables glycerol-3-phosphate O-acyltransferase activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables glycerol-3-phosphate O-acyltransferase activity	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
enables glycerol-3-phosphate O-acyltransferase activity	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
enables transferase activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info

Process	Evidence Code	Pubs
involved_in CDP-diacylglycerol biosynthetic process	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
acts_upstream_of activated T cell proliferation	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of activation-induced cell death of T cells	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within acyl-CoA metabolic process	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in cellular response to insulin stimulus	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within defense response to virus	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in diacylglycerol biosynthetic process	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in diacylglycerol biosynthetic process	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within fatty acid homeostasis	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within fatty acid metabolic process	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in glycerophospholipid metabolic process	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within glycerophospholipid metabolic process	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within interleukin-2 production	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in lipid metabolic process	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within negative regulation of activation-induced cell death of T cells	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in phosphatidic acid biosynthetic process	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in phosphatidic acid biosynthetic process	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in phosphatidylglycerol biosynthetic process	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in phosphatidylglycerol biosynthetic process	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in phosphatidylglycerol biosynthetic process	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in phospholipid biosynthetic process	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within phospholipid homeostasis	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within positive regulation of activated T cell proliferation	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within positive regulation of multicellular organism growth	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of triglyceride biosynthetic process	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within regulation of cytokine production	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in response to activity	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within response to glucose	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in triglyceride biosynthetic process	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in triglyceride biosynthetic process	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in triglyceride biosynthetic process	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in triglyceride biosynthetic process	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within triglyceride metabolic process	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed

Component	Evidence Code	Pubs
located_in endoplasmic reticulum membrane	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info
located_in membrane	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in mitochondrial inner membrane	HDA more info	PubMed
located_in mitochondrial membrane	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in mitochondrial outer membrane	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
is_active_in mitochondrial outer membrane	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
is_active_in mitochondrial outer membrane	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info	PubMed
located_in mitochondrial outer membrane	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in mitochondrion	HDA more info	PubMed
is_active_in mitochondrion	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
located_in mitochondrion	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in mitochondrion	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in mitochondrion	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
located_in plasma membrane	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info

General protein information

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Preferred Names: glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase 1, mitochondrial

NP_001343214.1

EC 2.3.1.15

NP_001397383.1

EC 2.3.1.15

NP_032175.2

EC 2.3.1.15

XP_006526755.1

EC 2.3.1.15

XP_036017329.1

EC 2.3.1.15

XP_036017330.1

EC 2.3.1.15

XP_036017331.1

EC 2.3.1.15

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

mRNA and Protein(s)

NM_001356285.2 → NP_001343214.1 glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase 1, mitochondrial

Status: VALIDATED

Source sequence(s)

AC110206

Consensus CDS

CCDS29906.1

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

Q61586, Q8VCT2

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

Q69ZG4

Related

ENSMUSP00000158322.2, ENSMUST00000237146.2

Conserved Domains (2) summary

cd07993
Location:201 → 411

LPLAT_DHAPAT-like; Lysophospholipid Acyltransferases (LPLATs) of Glycerophospholipid Biosynthesis: GPAT-like

COG2937
Location:128 → 663

PlsB; Glycerol-3-phosphate O-acyltransferase [Lipid transport and metabolism]
NM_001410454.1 → NP_001397383.1 glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase 1, mitochondrial

Status: VALIDATED

Source sequence(s)

AC110206

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

Q61586, Q8VCT2

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

Q69ZG4
NM_008149.4 → NP_032175.2 glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase 1, mitochondrial

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_032175.2

Status: VALIDATED

Source sequence(s)

AC110206

Consensus CDS

CCDS29906.1

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

Q61586, Q8VCT2

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

Q69ZG4

Related

ENSMUSP00000057635.6, ENSMUST00000061856.6

Conserved Domains (2) summary

cd07993
Location:201 → 411

LPLAT_DHAPAT-like; Lysophospholipid Acyltransferases (LPLATs) of Glycerophospholipid Biosynthesis: GPAT-like

COG2937
Location:128 → 663

PlsB; Glycerol-3-phosphate O-acyltransferase [Lipid transport and metabolism]

RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001635.27-RS_2024_02

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference GRCm39 C57BL/6J

Genomic

NC_000085.7 Reference GRCm39 C57BL/6J

Range

55056067..55115666 complement

Download

GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

XM_006526692.5 → XP_006526755.1 glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase 1, mitochondrial isoform X2

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for XP_006526755.1

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

Q61586, Q8VCT2

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

Q69ZG4

Related

ENSMUSP00000157722.2, ENSMUST00000235957.2

Conserved Domains (2) summary

cd07993
Location:201 → 411

LPLAT_DHAPAT-like; Lysophospholipid Acyltransferases (LPLATs) of Glycerophospholipid Biosynthesis: GPAT-like

COG2937
Location:128 → 663

PlsB; Glycerol-3-phosphate O-acyltransferase [Lipid transport and metabolism]
XM_036161437.1 → XP_036017330.1 glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase 1, mitochondrial isoform X2

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

Q61586, Q8VCT2

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

Q69ZG4

Conserved Domains (2) summary

cd07993
Location:201 → 411

LPLAT_DHAPAT-like; Lysophospholipid Acyltransferases (LPLATs) of Glycerophospholipid Biosynthesis: GPAT-like

COG2937
Location:128 → 663

PlsB; Glycerol-3-phosphate O-acyltransferase [Lipid transport and metabolism]
XM_036161436.1 → XP_036017329.1 glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase 1, mitochondrial isoform X1

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

Q69ZG4

Conserved Domains (2) summary

cd07993
Location:218 → 428

LPLAT_DHAPAT-like; Lysophospholipid Acyltransferases (LPLATs) of Glycerophospholipid Biosynthesis: GPAT-like

COG2937
Location:145 → 680

PlsB; Glycerol-3-phosphate O-acyltransferase [Lipid transport and metabolism]
XM_036161438.1 → XP_036017331.1 glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase 1, mitochondrial isoform X2

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

Q61586, Q8VCT2

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

Q69ZG4

Conserved Domains (2) summary

cd07993
Location:201 → 411

LPLAT_DHAPAT-like; Lysophospholipid Acyltransferases (LPLATs) of Glycerophospholipid Biosynthesis: GPAT-like

COG2937
Location:128 → 663

PlsB; Glycerol-3-phosphate O-acyltransferase [Lipid transport and metabolism]