Gnai3 G protein subunit alpha i3 [Mus musculus (house mouse)] - Gene

Summary

Official Symbol: Gnai3provided by MGI
Official Full Name: G protein subunit alpha i3provided by MGI
Primary source: MGI:MGI:95773
See related: Ensembl:ENSMUSG00000000001 AllianceGenome:MGI:95773
Gene type: protein coding
RefSeq status: VALIDATED
Organism: Mus musculus
Lineage: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Glires; Rodentia; Myomorpha; Muroidea; Muridae; Murinae; Mus; Mus
Also known as: Hg1a; Gnai-3; Galphai3
Summary: Predicted to enable several functions, including G-protein beta/gamma-subunit complex binding activity; GDP binding activity; and GTPase activating protein binding activity. Predicted to be involved in several processes, including G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway; positive regulation of metabolic process; and positive regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell proliferation. Predicted to act upstream of or within G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway. Located in Golgi apparatus. Is expressed in early conceptus; inner ear; and oocyte. Orthologous to human GNAI3 (G protein subunit alpha i3). [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Apr 2025]
Expression: Ubiquitous expression in placenta adult (RPKM 67.1), CNS E11.5 (RPKM 42.8) and 26 other tissues See more
Orthologs: human all
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Genomic context

Location:: 3 F2.3; 3 46.83 cM

Exon count:: 9

Annotation release	Status	Assembly	Chr	Location
RS_2024_02	current	GRCm39 (GCF_000001635.27)	3	NC_000069.7 (108014591..108053468, complement)
108.20200622	previous assembly	GRCm38.p6 (GCF_000001635.26)	3	NC_000069.6 (108107275..108146152, complement)

Chromosome 3 - NC_000069.7 Genomic Context describing neighboring genes

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Go to reference sequence details

Genomic Sequence:

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Expression

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See details

Project title: Mouse ENCODE transcriptome data
Description: RNA profiling data sets generated by the Mouse ENCODE project.
BioProject: PRJNA66167
Publication: PMID 25409824
Analysis date: n/a

Bibliography

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GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

Protective effects of Galphai3 deficiency in a murine heart-failure model of beta1-adrenoceptor overexpression.
Title: Protective effects of Gα(i3) deficiency in a murine heart-failure model of β(1)-adrenoceptor overexpression.
Galphai1/3 mediate Netrin-1-CD146-activated signaling and angiogenesis.
Title: Gαi1/3 mediate Netrin-1-CD146-activated signaling and angiogenesis.
Requirement of Galphai1 and Galphai3 in interleukin-4-induced signaling, macrophage M2 polarization and allergic asthma response.
Title: Requirement of Gαi1 and Gαi3 in interleukin-4-induced signaling, macrophage M2 polarization and allergic asthma response.
the present results implicate GNAI3 as a critical regulator of odonto/osteogenic differentiation of stem cells from the apical papilla in tooth root development.
Title: Guanine and nucleotide binding protein 3 promotes odonto/osteogenic differentiation of apical papilla stem cells via JNK and ERK signaling pathways.
These results delineate a role for Galphai2 in early thymocyte development and for Galphai2/3 in multiple aspects of T cell biology.
Title: Loss of Gα(i) proteins impairs thymocyte development, disrupts T-cell trafficking, and leads to an expanded population of splenic CD4(+)PD-1(+)CXCR5(+/-) T-cells.
direct binding of GATA4 to the GNAI3 promoter, both in vitro and in vivo, is reported.
Title: Role of GATA binding protein 4 (GATA4) in the regulation of tooth development via GNAI3.
Gpsm2 defines an approximately 200 nm nanodomain at the tips of stereocilia and this localization requires the presence of Galphai3, myosin 15 and whirlin.
Title: Defective Gpsm2/Gα(i3) signalling disrupts stereocilia development and growth cone actin dynamics in Chudley-McCullough syndrome.
this study shows that Galphai3-deficient neutrophils display reduced transmigration but normal arrest
Title: Gαi2 and Gαi3 Differentially Regulate Arrest from Flow and Chemotaxis in Mouse Neutrophils.
GIV and its substrate Galphai3 are recruited to active integrin complexes
Title: Integrins activate trimeric G proteins via the nonreceptor protein GIV/Girdin.
Data show that disrupting resistance to inhibitors of cholinesterase 8A (Ric-8A) expression in hematopoietic cells results in a loss of GTP-binding protein alpha subunits Galphai2, Galphai3, and Galphaq.
Title: B Lymphocyte-Specific Loss of Ric-8A Results in a Gα Protein Deficit and Severe Humoral Immunodeficiency.

Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (30)

Variation

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Alleles

Alleles of this type are documented at Mouse Genome Informatics (MGI)

Endonuclease-mediated (5) 1 citation
Targeted (3) 1 citation

Interactions

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Products	Interactant	Other Gene	Complex	Source	Pubs	Description

General gene information

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Markers

Gnai3 (e-PCR), detects polymorphism
- UniSTS:496671

NoName (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:234799

RH94416 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:119664

AI158965 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:159173

AW537698 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:178912

Gene Ontology Provided by MGI

Function	Evidence Code	Pubs
enables G protein-coupled receptor binding	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
enables G protein-coupled serotonin receptor binding	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
enables G-protein beta/gamma-subunit complex binding	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
enables G-protein beta/gamma-subunit complex binding	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables GDP binding	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables GDP binding	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
enables GDP binding	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
enables GTP binding	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables GTPase activating protein binding	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
enables GTPase activity	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
enables GTPase activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables GTPase activity	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
enables GTPase activity	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
enables GTPase activity	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
enables guanyl nucleotide binding	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables metal ion binding	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables nucleotide binding	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables protein binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed
enables protein domain specific binding	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info

Process	Evidence Code	Pubs
involved_in G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in GTP metabolic process	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in GTP metabolic process	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in GTP metabolic process	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in adenylate cyclase-inhibiting G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in adenylate cyclase-inhibiting G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in adenylate cyclase-inhibiting G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in adenylate cyclase-modulating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in adenylate cyclase-modulating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in cell division	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in cell division	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in cell division	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in negative regulation of apoptotic signaling pathway	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of macroautophagy	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in positive regulation of macroautophagy	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of superoxide anion generation	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell proliferation	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in signal transduction	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in vesicle fusion	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info

Component	Evidence Code	Pubs
located_in Golgi apparatus	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in Golgi apparatus	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in Golgi apparatus	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
colocalizes_with Golgi membrane	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
colocalizes_with Golgi membrane	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in centriolar satellite	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in centriolar satellite	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in centrosome	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in centrosome	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in centrosome	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
located_in ciliary basal body	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in ciliary basal body	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
is_active_in cytoplasm	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
located_in cytoplasm	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in cytoplasm	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in cytoplasm	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in cytoskeleton	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in cytosol	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in cytosol	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
colocalizes_with endoplasmic reticulum membrane	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
colocalizes_with endoplasmic reticulum membrane	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
part_of heterotrimeric G-protein complex	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
part_of heterotrimeric G-protein complex	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
located_in membrane	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in midbody	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in midbody	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in midbody	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
located_in nucleolus	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in nucleolus	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in nucleoplasm	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in nucleoplasm	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in plasma membrane	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in plasma membrane	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in plasma membrane	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
located_in plasma membrane	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info
located_in zymogen granule	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info

General protein information

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Preferred Names: guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-3

Names: g(i) alpha-3; guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein), alpha inhibiting 3; guanine nucleotide binding protein, alpha inhibiting 3; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(k) subunit alpha; heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding protein 1a

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.