U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Format

Send to:

Choose Destination

CHST4 carbohydrate sulfotransferase 4 [ Homo sapiens (human) ]

Gene ID: 10164, updated on 3-Jun-2026
Official Symbol
CHST4provided by HGNC
Official Full Name
carbohydrate sulfotransferase 4provided by HGNC
Primary source
HGNC:HGNC:1972
See related
Ensembl:ENSG00000140835 AllianceGenome:HGNC:1972
Gene type
protein coding
RefSeq status
REVIEWED
Organism
Homo sapiens
Lineage
Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
Also known as
GST3; LSST; GlcNAc6ST2; HECGLCNAC6ST
Summary
This gene encodes an N-acetylglucosamine 6-O sulfotransferase. The encoded enzyme transfers sulfate from 3'phosphoadenosine 5'phospho-sulfate to the 6-hydroxyl group of N-acetylglucosamine on glycoproteins. This protein is localized to the Golgi and is involved in the modification of glycan structures on ligands of the lymphocyte homing receptor L-selectin. Alternate splicing in the 5' UTR results in multiple transcript variants that encode the same protein. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2009]
Expression
Restricted expression toward gall bladder (RPKM 42.6) See more
Orthologs
all
Try the new Gene page
Try the new Transcripts and proteins table
See CHST4 in Genome Data Viewer
Location:
16q22.2
Exon count:
3
Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
RS_2025_08 current GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40) 16 NC_000016.10 (71526120..71538748)
RS_2025_08 current T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1) 16 NC_060940.1 (77343320..77355947)
RS_2024_09 previous assembly GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25) 16 NC_000016.9 (71560023..71572651)

Chromosome 16 - NC_000016.10Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene BRD4-independent group 4 enhancer GRCh37_chr16:71507841-71509040 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 11075 Neighboring gene zinc finger protein 19 Neighboring gene NANOG-H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr16:71517771-71518680 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 7679 Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC105371335 Neighboring gene OCT4-NANOG-H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr16:71559962-71560572 Neighboring gene Sharpr-MPRA regulatory region 3479 Neighboring gene NANOG hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr16:71595643-71596144 Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC124903710 Neighboring gene RNA, U6 small nuclear 1061, pseudogene

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

  • Project title: Tissue-specific circular RNA induction during human fetal development
  • Description: 35 human fetal samples from 6 tissues (3 - 7 replicates per tissue) collected between 10 and 20 weeks gestational time were sequenced using Illumina TruSeq Stranded Total RNA
  • BioProject: PRJNA270632
  • Publication: PMID 26076956
  • Analysis date: Mon Apr 2 22:54:59 2018

Related articles in PubMed

  1. A HEV-restricted sulfotransferase is expressed in rheumatoid arthritis synovium and is induced by lymphotoxin-alpha/beta and TNF-alpha in cultured endothelial cells. Pablos JL, et al. BMC Immunol, 2005 Mar 7. PMID 15752429, Free PMC Article
  2. Sulfated L-selectin ligands as a therapeutic target in chronic inflammation. Uchimura K, et al. Trends Immunol, 2006 Dec. PMID 17049924
  3. N-Acetylglucosamine 6-O-sulfotransferase-2 as a tumor marker for uterine cervical and corpus cancer. Seko A, et al. Glycoconj J, 2009 Nov. PMID 19156517
  4. Ectopic expression of a GlcNAc 6-O-sulfotransferase, GlcNAc6ST-2, in colonic mucinous adenocarcinoma. Seko A, et al. Glycobiology, 2002 Jun. PMID 12107080
  5. Specificities of N-acetylglucosamine-6-O-sulfotransferases in relation to L-selectin ligand synthesis and tumor-associated enzyme expression. Uchimura K, et al. J Biol Chem, 2002 Feb 8. PMID 11726653

See all (31) citations in PubMed

GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?
  1. mRNA transcript analyses on the genes involved in synthesizing GlcNAc-6-O-sulfated glycans in human colon cancer tissues indicated that GlcNAc6ST-2 (CHST4) is preferentially expressed in cancer cells ... GlcNAc6ST-3 (CHST5) was only expressed in nonmalignant epithelial cells, whereas GlcNAc6ST-1 (CHST2) was expressed equally in both cancerous and nonmalignant epithelial cells.
    Title: Distinct substrate specificities of human GlcNAc-6-sulfotransferases revealed by mass spectrometry-based sulfoglycomic analysis.
  2. Data suggest that GlcNAc6ST-2 (CHST4) is critical for biosynthesis of MECA-79 sulfated glycans in apical membranes of small-sized intrahepatic bile ducts and of cholangiolocellular carcinoma (CoCC) cells; MUC1 protein decorated with GlcNAc6ST-2-dependent MECA-79 sulfated glycans may serve as a useful CoCC marker.
    Title: Apical membrane expression of distinct sulfated glycans represents a novel marker of cholangiolocellular carcinoma.
  3. A method for O-GlcNAc detection using in vitro sulfation with two N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc)-specific sulfotransferases, carbohydrate sulfotransferase 2 and carbohydrate sulfotransferase 4.
    Title: Detecting O-GlcNAc using in vitro sulfation.
  4. GlcNAc6ST2 could therefore be a good serological marker for detecting early-stage uterine cervical and corpus cancers.
    Title: N-Acetylglucosamine 6-O-sulfotransferase-2 as a tumor marker for uterine cervical and corpus cancer.
  5. Observational study of gene-disease association. (HuGE Navigator)
    Title: Association study between single-nucleotide polymorphisms in 199 drug-related genes and commonly measured quantitative traits of 752 healthy Japanese subjects.
  6. involved in enzymatic synthesis in vitro of the disulfated disaccharide unit of corneal keratan sulfate
    Title: Enzymatic synthesis in vitro of the disulfated disaccharide unit of corneal keratan sulfate.
  7. Ectopic expression of a GlcNAc 6-O-sulfotransferase, GlcNAc6ST-2, in colonic mucinous adenocarcinoma
    Title: Ectopic expression of a GlcNAc 6-O-sulfotransferase, GlcNAc6ST-2, in colonic mucinous adenocarcinoma.
Submit: New GeneRIF Correction

Find tests for this gene in the NIH Genetic Testing Registry (GTR)

Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

See variants in ClinVar

See studies and variants in dbVar

See Variation Viewer (GRCh37.p13)

Protein interactions

Protein Gene Interaction Pubs
Envelope surface glycoprotein gp160, precursor env Sulfate is linked to the carbohydrate chains of HIV-1 glycoproteins gp160, gp120, and gp41 during the endoplasmic reticulum to Golgi transport of the glycoproteins PubMed

Go to the HIV-1, Human Interaction Database

Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

Markers

Homology

Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

Function Evidence Code Pubs
enables N-acetylglucosamine 6-O-sulfotransferase activity IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
enables N-acetylglucosamine 6-O-sulfotransferase activity IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
enables N-acetylglucosamine 6-O-sulfotransferase activity IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
enables N-acetylglucosamine 6-O-sulfotransferase activity TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
  
enables sulfotransferase activity IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
enables sulfotransferase activity TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
 PubMed 
Process Evidence Code Pubs
involved_in N-acetylglucosamine metabolic process IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
involved_in N-acetylglucosamine metabolic process IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in N-acetylglucosamine metabolic process IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in carbohydrate metabolic process IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in cell adhesion TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in cell-cell signaling TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in immune response TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in positive regulation of leukocyte tethering or rolling ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
  
involved_in protein O-linked glycosylation via N-acetylgalactosamine TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
  
involved_in protein sulfation TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in sulfur compound metabolic process IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
involved_in sulfur compound metabolic process IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in sulfur compound metabolic process IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
Component Evidence Code Pubs
located_in Golgi membrane IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
located_in Golgi membrane NAS
Non-traceable Author Statement
more info
 PubMed 
located_in Golgi membrane TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
  
is_active_in trans-Golgi network IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
located_in trans-Golgi network IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
Preferred Names
carbohydrate sulfotransferase 4
Names
GST-3
HEC-GlcNAc6ST
L-selectin ligand sulfotransferase
N-acetylglucosamine 6-O-sulfotransferase 2
carbohydrate (N-acetylglucosamine 6-O) sulfotransferase 4
galactose/N-acetylglucosamine/N-acetylgalactosamine 6-O-sulfotransferase 3
galactose/N-acetylglucosamine/N-acetylglucosamine 6-O-sulfotransferase 3
glcNAc6ST-2
gn6st-2
high endothelial cells N-acetylglucosamine 6-O-sulfotransferase
NP_001159867.1
NP_005760.1

NEW Try the new Transcript table

RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

Genomic

  1. NG_029801.1 RefSeqGene

    Range
    5307..17629
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. NM_001166395.2 → NP_001159867.1  carbohydrate sulfotransferase 4

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001159867.1

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (2) has an alternate 5' UTR exon, as compared to variant 1. Variants 1 and 2 encode the same protein.
    Source sequence(s)
    AC010547, BC035282, DA045171
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS10902.1
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    Q8IV46, Q8NCG5, Q9Y5R3
    Related
    ENSP00000441204.3, ENST00000539698.4
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    cl21551
    Location:168 → 358
    Sulfotransfer_1; Sulfotransferase domain

  2. NM_005769.2 → NP_005760.1  carbohydrate sulfotransferase 4

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_005760.1

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (1) and variant 2 encode the same protein.
    Source sequence(s)
    AC010547, AF131235, BC035282, DA496702
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS10902.1
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    Q8IV46, Q8NCG5, Q9Y5R3
    Related
    ENSP00000597585.1, ENST00000927526.1
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    cl21551
    Location:168 → 358
    Sulfotransfer_1; Sulfotransferase domain

RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001405.40-RS_2025_08

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

Genomic

  1. NC_000016.10 Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

    Range
    71526120..71538748
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

Genomic

  1. NC_060940.1 Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

    Range
    77343320..77355947
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)
Nucleotide Protein
Heading Accession and Version
Protein Accession Links
GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
Q8NCG5.2 GenPept UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:Q8NCG5

Gene LinkOut

The following LinkOut resources are supplied by external providers. These providers are responsible for maintaining the links.

Chemical Information
Molecular Biology Databases
Research Materials
Tools
Miscellaneous