Structured Abstract

Contents

• 1. Introduction
  • Purpose of the Review
  • Prior USPSTF Recommendation
• 2. Methods
  • Key Questions and Analytic Framework
  • Search Strategy
  • Study Selection
  • Data Abstraction and Quality Assessment
  • Data Analysis and Synthesis
  • Role of the Funding Source
  • Review of Draft
• 3. Results
  • Key Question 1 Does PSA-Based Screening Decrease Prostate Cancer-Specific or All-Cause Mortality?
  • Key Question 2 What Are the Harms of PSA-Based Screening for Prostate Cancer?
• 4. Discussion
  • Incomplete Followup and the Role of Chance
  • Differences in the Proportion of Men With Prior PSA Testing
  • Effects of Screening in Controls and Noncompliance in the Intervention Arm
  • Differences in PSA Cut-Off Points, Screening Intervals, and Treatment Choices
  • Limitations
  • Future Research
  • Conclusions
• References
• Appendixes
  • Appendix 1 Literature Search Strategy
  • Appendix 2 USPSTF Quality Rating Criteria
  • Appendix 3 Quality Ratings of Randomized, Controlled Trials of Screening
  • Appendix 4 ERSPC Protocol Differences By Study Center
  • Appendix 5 Model to Adjust for Contamination and Compliance in the PLCO Trial
  • Appendix 6 Excluded Studies

Acknowledgements: The authors would like to acknowledge Mary Barton, MD, MPP; Robert Baskin, PhD, Eileen Birmingham, MD, MPH, and Roger Chou, MD, of the Oregon Evidence-based Practice Center; and U.S. Preventive Services Task Force members Ned Calonge, MD, MPH, Michael LeFevre, MD, MSPH, Rosanne Leipzig, MD, PhD, and Timothy Wilt, MD, MPH.

Prepared for: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services¹,

Suggested citation:

Lin K, Croswell JM, Koenig H, Lam C, Maltz A. Prostate-Specific Antigen-Based Screening for Prostate Cancer: An Evidence Update for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. Evidence Synthesis No. 90. AHRQ Publication No. 12-05160-EF-1. Rockville, MD: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality; October 2011.

This report is based on research conducted by staff of the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), Rockville, MD. No statement in this report should be construed as an official position of AHRQ or of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.

The information in this report is intended to help clinicians, employers, policymakers, and others make informed decisions about the provision of health care services. This report is intended as a reference and not as a substitute for clinical judgment.

This report may be used, in whole or in part, as the basis for the development of clinical practice guidelines and other quality enhancement tools, or as a basis for reimbursement and coverage policies. AHRQ or U.S. Department of Health and Human Services endorsement of such derivative products may not be stated or implied.

1

540 Gaither Road, Rockville, MD 20850; www​.ahrq.gov