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    tws twins [ Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly) ]

    Gene ID: 47877, updated on 19-Jun-2024

    Summary

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    Official Symbol
    twsprovided by FlyBase
    Official Full Name
    twinsprovided by FlyBase
    Primary source
    FLYBASE:FBgn0004889
    Locus tag
    Dmel_CG6235
    See related
    AllianceGenome:FB:FBgn0004889
    Gene type
    protein coding
    RefSeq status
    REVIEWED
    Organism
    Drosophila melanogaster
    Lineage
    Eukaryota; Metazoa; Ecdysozoa; Arthropoda; Hexapoda; Insecta; Pterygota; Neoptera; Endopterygota; Diptera; Brachycera; Muscomorpha; Ephydroidea; Drosophilidae; Drosophila; Sophophora
    Also known as
    1466/06; 2414; aar; B/PR55; CG6235; Dmel\CG6235; dPP2A; dPP2A-B55; dPP2A-Balpha; dPR55; DPR55; l(3)01436; l(3)02414; l(3)j11C8; l(3)S022205b; l(3)S022361; l(3)S022440; l(3)S023013; l(3)S023141a; l(3)S023206; l(3)S023309; l(3)S023938; l(3)S024455; l(3)S024834a; l(3)S024838; l(3)S025806; l(3)S025832; l(3)S025913; l(3)S026226; l(3)S026326; l(3)S027127; l(3)S027313; l(3)S028707; l(3)S029110; l(3)S029403; l(3)S029701a; l(3)S031006; l(3)S032303; l(3)S032708c; l(3)S033903; l(3)S035505b; l(3)S042629; l(3)S042630; l(3)S043008b; l(3)S043029; l(3)S045519; l(3)S046918; l(3)S048006; l(3)S048013; l(3)S048507; l(3)S049902; l(3)S052810; l(3)S053011; l(3)S060203; l(3)S060804; l(3)S061805; l(3)S061915; l(3)S063110; l(3)S066017; l(3)S066813; l(3)S067109b; l(3)S067915; l(3)S069206a; l(3)S075110; l(3)S075515b; l(3)S075902b; l(3)S076415; l(3)S080409; l(3)S088513; l(3)S091905; l(3)S101413b; l(3)S105605; l(3)S110008a; l(3)S110815; l(3)S111515; l(3)S119908; l(3)S132907; l(3)S134601a; l(3)S141309; l(3)S146606; l(3)s1801; PP2a; PP2A; Pp2A-85F; PP2A-B55; PP2A[B]; PR55; tw; Twins; Tws; TWS; tws/aar; v158
    Summary
    Enables protein phosphatase regulator activity. Involved in several processes, including generation of neurons; positive regulation of signal transduction; and regulation of cell cycle process. Located in cytosol and nucleus. Is expressed in several structures, including Malpighian tubule; gonad; gut section; imaginal disc; and supraesophageal ganglion. Used to study autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxia. Human ortholog(s) of this gene implicated in Alzheimer's disease; brain disease; breast cancer; and spinocerebellar ataxia type 12. Orthologous to several human genes including PPP2R2A (protein phosphatase 2 regulatory subunit Balpha); PPP2R2B (protein phosphatase 2 regulatory subunit Bbeta); and PPP2R2D (protein phosphatase 2 regulatory subunit Bdelta). [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Apr 2022]
    Orthologs
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    Genomic context

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    See tws in Genome Data Viewer
    Location:
    85F13-85F14; 3-49 cM
    Exon count:
    8
    Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
    Release 6.54 current Release 6 plus ISO1 MT (GCF_000001215.4) 3R NT_033777.3 (10126129..10139772, complement)
    Release 5.57 previous assembly Release 5 (GCF_000001215.2) 3R NT_033777.2 (5951851..5965494, complement)

    Chromosome 3R - NT_033777.3Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene ATP synthase, epsilon subunit-like Neighboring gene antisense RNA:CR46038 Neighboring gene knickkopf Neighboring gene TATA box-binding protein-associated factor RNA polymerase I subunit B Neighboring gene invadolysin Neighboring gene uncharacterized protein Neighboring gene uncharacterized protein

    Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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    Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

    Bibliography

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    Related articles in PubMed

    1. Protein phosphatase 2A--a 'ménage à trois'. Mayer-Jaekel RE, et al. Trends Cell Biol, 1994 Aug. PMID 14731592
    2. [Genetic control of mitosis: features of origin of sister chromatid sets in anaphase in Drosophila melanogaster mutant line aar(V158)]. Lebedeva LI, et al. Genetika, 2003 Sep. PMID 14582390
    3. [Genetic control of mitosis. Adaptive modifications of v158 mutation expression]. Lebedeva LI, et al. Genetika, 2000 Oct. PMID 11094746
    4. Abnormal anaphase resolution (aar): a locus required for progression through mitosis in Drosophila. Gomes R, et al. J Cell Sci, 1993 Feb. PMID 8505381
    5. The 55 kd regulatory subunit of Drosophila protein phosphatase 2A is required for anaphase. Mayer-Jaekel RE, et al. Cell, 1993 Feb 26. PMID 8382567

    See all (183) citations in PubMed

    GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

    What's a GeneRIF?
    1. Identification of PP2A-B55 targets uncovers regulation of emerin during nuclear envelope reassembly in Drosophila.
      Title: Identification of PP2A-B55 targets uncovers regulation of emerin during nuclear envelope reassembly in Drosophila.
    2. This work establishes Drosophila as a powerful model to further dissect the molecular mechanisms of NER and suggests additional roles of PP2A-Tws in the completion of meiosis and mitosis.
      Title: PP2A-B55 promotes nuclear envelope reformation after mitosis in Drosophila.
    3. Mutations in tws cause high frequencies of chromosome aberrations. Tws is required for activation of the G2/M DNA damage checkpoint.
      Title: A Role for the Twins Protein Phosphatase (PP2A-B55) in the Maintenance of Drosophila Genome Integrity.
    4. Our results indicate that the cyclic changes in Gwl localization at mitotic entry and exit are directly regulated by the antagonistic cyclin B-Cdk1 and PP2A-Tws enzymes
      Title: Spatial regulation of greatwall by Cdk1 and PP2A-Tws in the cell cycle.
    5. This mechanism explains simultaneously how PP2A-B55 and Gwl together regulate phosphorylated Endos, and how phosphorylated Endos controls PP2A-B55.
      Title: Greatwall-phosphorylated Endosulfine is both an inhibitor and a substrate of PP2A-B55 heterotrimers.
    6. The PP2A complex plays a novel role in differentiating tissues to promote developmentally controlled quiescence through the regulation of Cyclin E/Cdk2 activity.
      Title: Protein phosphatase 2A promotes the transition to G0 during terminal differentiation in Drosophila.
    7. Drosophila protein PP2A is a liprin-alpha-interacting protein that mediates interaction between the two proteins.
      Title: Drosophila Syd-1, liprin-α, and protein phosphatase 2A B' subunit Wrd function in a linear pathway to prevent ectopic accumulation of synaptic materials in distal axons.
    8. We conclude that the balanced antagonism between NAP1 and PP2A controls cohesin dissociation during mitosis
      Title: Histone chaperone NAP1 mediates sister chromatid resolution by counteracting protein phosphatase 2A.
    9. E4orf4 has a role in inducing PP2A- and Src-dependent cell death while inhibiting classic apoptosis pathways in Drosophila melanogaster
      Title: E4orf4 induces PP2A- and Src-dependent cell death in Drosophila melanogaster and at the same time inhibits classic apoptosis pathways.
    10. greatwall protein antagonizes protein phosphatase 2A function in both meiosis and mitosis
      Title: PP2A-twins is antagonized by greatwall and collaborates with polo for cell cycle progression and centrosome attachment to nuclei in drosophila embryos.
    Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (15)

    Pathways from PubChem

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    Interactions

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    Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

    General gene information

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    Markers

    Homology

    Gene Ontology Provided by FlyBase

    Function Evidence Code Pubs
    enables protein phosphatase regulator activity IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    enables protein phosphatase regulator activity IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    enables protein phosphatase regulator activity IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables protein phosphatase regulator activity ISS
    Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
    more info
    		  
    Process Evidence Code Pubs
    involved_in centrosome cycle IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in imaginal disc pattern formation IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in maintenance of neuroblast polarity IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in metaphase/anaphase transition of mitotic cell cycle IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in mitotic cell cycle IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in negative regulation of neuroblast proliferation IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in positive regulation of Toll signaling pathway IGI
    Inferred from Genetic Interaction
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in positive regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway IGI
    Inferred from Genetic Interaction
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in positive regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in positive regulation of smoothened signaling pathway IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in protein stabilization IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in protein stabilization IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in regulation of centriole replication IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in regulation of mitotic metaphase/anaphase transition IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in sensory organ development IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    Component Evidence Code Pubs
    located_in cytosol HDA PubMed 
    is_active_in cytosol IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    located_in cytosol IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    located_in nucleus IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    part_of protein phosphatase type 2A complex IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    part_of protein phosphatase type 2A complex IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    part_of protein phosphatase type 2A complex ISS
    Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
    more info
    		  

    General protein information

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    Preferred Names
    twins
    Names
    CG6235-PA
    CG6235-PB
    CG6235-PC
    CG6235-PD
    CG6235-PE
    CG6235-PF
    CG6235-PG
    CG6235-PH
    CG6235-PI
    PP2A regulatory subunit
    PP2A regulatory subunit twins
    PP2A-B
    abnormal anaphase resolution
    phosphoprotein phosphatase 2A 55 kDa
    protein phosphatase 2A
    protein phosphatase 2A at 85F
    protein phosphatase type 2A
    regulatory B subunit of type 2A protein phosphatase
    tws-PA
    tws-PB
    tws-PC
    tws-PD
    tws-PE
    tws-PF
    tws-PG
    tws-PH
    tws-PI

    NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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    Genome Annotation

    The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

    Reference assembly

    Genomic

    1. NT_033777.3 Reference assembly

      Range
      10126129..10139772 complement
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. NM_169329.2 → NP_731451.1  twins, isoform F [Drosophila melanogaster]

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_731451.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      A4V2M9, A4V2N0, P36872, Q9VH21, Q9VH22
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A0A0B4LGZ3
      Related
      FBpp0081665
      Conserved Domains (3) summary
      COG5170
      Location:65 → 495
      CDC55; Serine/threonine protein phosphatase 2A, regulatory subunit [Signal transduction mechanisms]
      sd00039
      Location:84 → 132
      7WD40; WD40 repeat [structural motif]
      cl02567
      Location:82 → 423
      WD40; WD40 domain, found in a number of eukaryotic proteins that cover a wide variety of functions including adaptor/regulatory modules in signal transduction, pre-mRNA processing and cytoskeleton assembly; typically contains a GH dipeptide 11-24 residues from ...

    2. NM_001300340.1 → NP_001287269.1  twins, isoform I [Drosophila melanogaster]

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001287269.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      A4V2M9, A4V2N0, P36872, Q9VH21, Q9VH22
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A0A0B4LGZ3
      Conserved Domains (3) summary
      COG5170
      Location:65 → 495
      CDC55; Serine/threonine protein phosphatase 2A, regulatory subunit [Signal transduction mechanisms]
      sd00039
      Location:84 → 132
      7WD40; WD40 repeat [structural motif]
      cl02567
      Location:82 → 423
      WD40; WD40 domain, found in a number of eukaryotic proteins that cover a wide variety of functions including adaptor/regulatory modules in signal transduction, pre-mRNA processing and cytoskeleton assembly; typically contains a GH dipeptide 11-24 residues from ...

    3. NM_057533.3 → NP_476881.1  twins, isoform E [Drosophila melanogaster]

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_476881.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      C8VV30
      Related
      FBpp0081668
      Conserved Domains (2) summary
      COG5170
      Location:1 → 439
      CDC55; Serine/threonine protein phosphatase 2A, regulatory subunit [Signal transduction mechanisms]
      sd00039
      Location:28 → 76
      7WD40; WD40 repeat [structural motif]

    4. NM_134284.3 → NP_599111.1  twins, isoform D [Drosophila melanogaster]

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_599111.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      C8VV30
      Related
      FBpp0081667
      Conserved Domains (2) summary
      COG5170
      Location:1 → 439
      CDC55; Serine/threonine protein phosphatase 2A, regulatory subunit [Signal transduction mechanisms]
      sd00039
      Location:28 → 76
      7WD40; WD40 repeat [structural motif]

    5. NM_134286.3 → NP_599113.1  twins, isoform B [Drosophila melanogaster]

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_599113.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      C8VV30
      Related
      FBpp0081666
      Conserved Domains (2) summary
      COG5170
      Location:1 → 439
      CDC55; Serine/threonine protein phosphatase 2A, regulatory subunit [Signal transduction mechanisms]
      sd00039
      Location:28 → 76
      7WD40; WD40 repeat [structural motif]

    6. NM_057532.4 → NP_476880.1  twins, isoform A [Drosophila melanogaster]

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_476880.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      A4V2M9, A4V2N0, P36872, Q9VH21, Q9VH22
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A0A0B4LGZ3
      Related
      FBpp0081664
      Conserved Domains (3) summary
      COG5170
      Location:65 → 495
      CDC55; Serine/threonine protein phosphatase 2A, regulatory subunit [Signal transduction mechanisms]
      sd00039
      Location:84 → 132
      7WD40; WD40 repeat [structural motif]
      cl02567
      Location:82 → 423
      WD40; WD40 domain, found in a number of eukaryotic proteins that cover a wide variety of functions including adaptor/regulatory modules in signal transduction, pre-mRNA processing and cytoskeleton assembly; typically contains a GH dipeptide 11-24 residues from ...

    7. NM_134285.2 → NP_599112.1  twins, isoform C [Drosophila melanogaster]

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_599112.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      C8VV30
      Related
      FBpp0081669
      Conserved Domains (2) summary
      COG5170
      Location:1 → 439
      CDC55; Serine/threonine protein phosphatase 2A, regulatory subunit [Signal transduction mechanisms]
      sd00039
      Location:28 → 76
      7WD40; WD40 repeat [structural motif]

    8. NM_169331.2 → NP_731453.1  twins, isoform H [Drosophila melanogaster]

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_731453.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      C8VV30
      Related
      FBpp0081671
      Conserved Domains (2) summary
      COG5170
      Location:1 → 439
      CDC55; Serine/threonine protein phosphatase 2A, regulatory subunit [Signal transduction mechanisms]
      sd00039
      Location:28 → 76
      7WD40; WD40 repeat [structural motif]

    9. NM_169330.2 → NP_731452.1  twins, isoform G [Drosophila melanogaster]

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_731452.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      C8VV30
      Related
      FBpp0081670
      Conserved Domains (2) summary
      COG5170
      Location:1 → 439
      CDC55; Serine/threonine protein phosphatase 2A, regulatory subunit [Signal transduction mechanisms]
      sd00039
      Location:28 → 76
      7WD40; WD40 repeat [structural motif]
    Nucleotide Protein
    Heading Accession and Version
    Protein Accession Links
    GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
    A0A0B4LGZ3 A0A0B4LGZ3
    P36872.1 P36872

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