U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Format

Send to:

Choose Destination

RAX2 retina and anterior neural fold homeobox 2 [ Homo sapiens (human) ]

Gene ID: 84839, updated on 9-Jun-2025
Official Symbol
RAX2provided by HGNC
Official Full Name
retina and anterior neural fold homeobox 2provided by HGNC
Primary source
HGNC:HGNC:18286
See related
Ensembl:ENSG00000173976 MIM:610362; AllianceGenome:HGNC:18286
Gene type
protein coding
RefSeq status
REVIEWED
Organism
Homo sapiens
Lineage
Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
Also known as
QRX; RP95; ARMD6; RAXL1; CORD11
Summary
This gene encodes a homeodomain-containing protein that plays a role in eye development. Mutation of this gene causes age-related macular degeneration type 6, an eye disorder resulting in accumulations of protein and lipid beneath the retinal pigment epithelium and within the Bruch's membrane. Defects in this gene can also cause cone-rod dystrophy type 11, a disease characterized by the initial degeneration of cone photoreceptor cells and resulting in loss of color vision and visual acuity, followed by the degeneration of rod photoreceptor cells, which progresses to night blindness and the loss of peripheral vision. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2016]
Expression
Low expression observed in reference dataset See more
Orthologs
all
NEW
Try the new Gene table
Try the new Transcript table
See RAX2 in Genome Data Viewer
Location:
19p13.3
Exon count:
3
Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
RS_2024_08 current GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40) 19 NC_000019.10 (3769089..3772228, complement)
RS_2024_08 current T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1) 19 NC_060943.1 (3748340..3751481, complement)
RS_2024_09 previous assembly GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25) 19 NC_000019.9 (3769087..3772226, complement)

Chromosome 19 - NC_000019.10Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene ReSE screen-validated silencer GRCh37_chr19:3761575-3761892 Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC105372248 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 13744 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr19:3770519-3771018 Neighboring gene mitochondrial ribosomal protein L54 Neighboring gene MPRA-validated peak3254 silencer Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr19:3784812-3785807 Neighboring gene ReSE screen-validated silencer GRCh37_chr19:3787338-3787536 Neighboring gene MPRA-validated peak3255 silencer Neighboring gene megakaryocyte-associated tyrosine kinase Neighboring gene ReSE screen-validated silencer GRCh37_chr19:3809153-3809388 Neighboring gene zinc finger RNA binding protein 2 Neighboring gene Sharpr-MPRA regulatory region 15218 Neighboring gene MPRA-validated peak3257 silencer Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 13745 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr19:3831251-3831840 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr19:3843229-3843728 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr19:3849523-3850024

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

  • Project title: Tissue-specific circular RNA induction during human fetal development
  • Description: 35 human fetal samples from 6 tissues (3 - 7 replicates per tissue) collected between 10 and 20 weeks gestational time were sequenced using Illumina TruSeq Stranded Total RNA
  • BioProject: PRJNA270632
  • Publication: PMID 26076956
  • Analysis date: Mon Apr 2 22:54:59 2018

Related articles in PubMed

  1. Autosomal Dominant Retinal Dystrophy With Electronegative Waveform Associated With a Novel RAX2 Mutation. Yang P, et al. JAMA Ophthalmol, 2015 Jun. PMID 25789692, Free PMC Article
  2. QRX, a novel homeobox gene, modulates photoreceptor gene expression. Wang QL, et al. Hum Mol Genet, 2004 May 15. PMID 15028672
  3. New genetic associations detected in a host response study to hepatitis B vaccine. Davila S, et al. Genes Immun, 2010 Apr. PMID 20237496
  4. A census of human transcription factors: function, expression and evolution. Vaquerizas JM, et al. Nat Rev Genet, 2009 Apr. PMID 19274049
  5. Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences. Strausberg RL, et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 2002 Dec 24. PMID 12477932, Free PMC Article

See all (6) citations in PubMed

GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?
  1. A frameshift heterozygous mutation in RAX2 inherited in an autosomal dominant fashion was associated with mixed cone and rod dysfunction.
    Title: Autosomal Dominant Retinal Dystrophy With Electronegative Waveform Associated With a Novel RAX2 Mutation.
  2. Observational study of gene-disease association. (HuGE Navigator)
    Title: New genetic associations detected in a host response study to hepatitis B vaccine.
Submit: New GeneRIF Correction

Find tests for this gene in the NIH Genetic Testing Registry (GTR)

Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

Associated conditions

Description Tests
Age related macular degeneration 6
MedGen: C3151060 OMIM: 613757 GeneReviews: Not available
Compare labs
Cone-rod dystrophy 11
MedGen: C1835865 OMIM: 610381 GeneReviews: Not available
Compare labs
Retinitis pigmentosa 95
MedGen: C5774244 OMIM: 620102 GeneReviews: Not available
Compare labs

See variants in ClinVar

See studies and variants in dbVar

See Variation Viewer (GRCh37.p13)

See Variation Viewer (GRCh38)

Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

Homology

Clone Names

  • MGC15631

Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

Function Evidence Code Pubs
enables DNA binding IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
enables DNA-binding transcription activator activity, RNA polymerase II-specific IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
enables DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
enables DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
enables DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific ISA
Inferred from Sequence Alignment
more info
  
enables RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
enables RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
Process Evidence Code Pubs
involved_in positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in regulation of DNA-templated transcription IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
involved_in visual perception IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
Component Evidence Code Pubs
located_in chromatin ISA
Inferred from Sequence Alignment
more info
  
located_in nucleus IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
Preferred Names
retina and anterior neural fold homeobox protein 2
Names
Q50-type retinal homeobox protein
retina and anterior neural fold homeobox like 1
retina and anterior neural fold homeobox-like protein 1

NEW Try the new Transcript table

RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

Genomic

  1. NG_011565.1 RefSeqGene

    Range
    4994..8133
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics), LRG_1200

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. NM_001319074.4 → NP_001306003.2  retina and anterior neural fold homeobox protein 2

    Status: REVIEWED

    Source sequence(s)
    AC005777
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS12112.1
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    Q96IS3
    Related
    ENSP00000450456.3, ENST00000555633.3
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    pfam00046
    Location:31 → 84
    Homeobox; Homeobox domain

  2. NM_032753.4 → NP_116142.1  retina and anterior neural fold homeobox protein 2

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_116142.1

    Status: REVIEWED

    Source sequence(s)
    AC005777, AY211277, BC018709
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS12112.1
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    Q96IS3
    Related
    ENSP00000450687.2, ENST00000555978.5
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    pfam00046
    Location:31 → 84
    Homeobox; Homeobox domain

RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001405.40-RS_2024_08

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

Genomic

  1. NC_000019.10 Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

    Range
    3769089..3772228 complement
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

Genomic

  1. NC_060943.1 Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

    Range
    3748340..3751481 complement
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)
Nucleotide Protein
Heading Accession and Version
Protein Accession Links
GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
Q96IS3.1 GenPept UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:Q96IS3

Gene LinkOut

The following LinkOut resources are supplied by external providers. These providers are responsible for maintaining the links.

Chemical Information
Molecular Biology Databases
Research Materials
Tools