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SPACA1 sperm acrosome associated 1 [ Homo sapiens (human) ]

Gene ID: 81833, updated on 25-Nov-2025
Official Symbol
SPACA1provided by HGNC
Official Full Name
sperm acrosome associated 1provided by HGNC
Primary source
HGNC:HGNC:14967
See related
Ensembl:ENSG00000118434 MIM:612739; AllianceGenome:HGNC:14967
Gene type
protein coding
RefSeq status
VALIDATED
Organism
Homo sapiens
Lineage
Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
Also known as
SAMP32; SPGF85
Summary
The correlation of anti-sperm antibodies with cases of unexplained infertility implicates a role for these antibodies in blocking fertilization. Improved diagnosis and treatment of immunologic infertility, as well as identification of proteins for targeted contraception, are dependent on the identification and characterization of relevant sperm antigens. The protein expressed by this gene is recognized by anti-sperm antibodies from infertile males. Furthermore, antibodies generated against the recombinant protein block in vitro fertilization. This protein localizes to the acrosomal membrane of spermatids and mature spermatozoa where it is thought to play a role in acrosomal morphogenesis and in sperm-egg binding and fusion, respectively. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
Expression
Restricted expression toward testis (RPKM 11.4) See more
Orthologs
mouse all
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See SPACA1 in Genome Data Viewer
Location:
6q15
Exon count:
8
Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
RS_2025_08 current GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40) 6 NC_000006.12 (88046901..88066838)
RS_2025_08 current T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1) 6 NC_060930.1 (89255379..89275314)
RS_2024_09 previous assembly GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25) 6 NC_000006.11 (88757559..88776556)

Chromosome 6 - NC_000006.12Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC105377882 Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC107986541 Neighboring gene CDK7 strongly-dependent group 2 enhancer GRCh37_chr6:88834755-88835954 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 17377 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 17378 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 17379 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 17380 Neighboring gene cannabinoid receptor 1 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 24814 Neighboring gene OCT4-NANOG hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr6:88893112-88893675 Neighboring gene MPRA-validated peak5945 silencer Neighboring gene ribosomal protein S14 pseudogene 9

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

  • Project title: Tissue-specific circular RNA induction during human fetal development
  • Description: 35 human fetal samples from 6 tissues (3 - 7 replicates per tissue) collected between 10 and 20 weeks gestational time were sequenced using Illumina TruSeq Stranded Total RNA
  • BioProject: PRJNA270632
  • Publication: PMID 26076956
  • Analysis date: Mon Apr 2 22:54:59 2018

Related articles in PubMed

  1. Bioinformatic prediction of the structure and characteristics of human sperm acrosome membrane-associated protein 1 (hSAMP32) and evaluation of its antifertility function in vivo. Zhang T, et al. Reprod Fertil Dev, 2020 Nov. PMID 33220718
  2. Individual differences in the distribution of sperm acrosome-associated 1 proteins among male patients of infertile couples; their possible impact on outcomes of conventional in vitro fertilization. Kishida K, et al. Zygote, 2016 Oct. PMID 27185107
  3. Anti-sperm antibodies from infertile patients and their cognate sperm antigens: a review. Identity between SAGA-1, the H6-3C4 antigen, and CD52. Diekman AB, et al. Am J Reprod Immunol, 2000 Mar. PMID 10735589
  4. Mammalian sperm acrosome: formation, contents, and function. Abou-Haila A, et al. Arch Biochem Biophys, 2000 Jul 15. PMID 10898932
  5. SAMP32, a testis-specific, isoantigenic sperm acrosomal membrane-associated protein. Hao Z, et al. Biol Reprod, 2002 Mar. PMID 11870081

See all (18) citations in PubMed

GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?
  1. Bioinformatic prediction of the structure and characteristics of human sperm acrosome membrane-associated protein 1 (hSAMP32) and evaluation of its antifertility function in vivo.
    Title: Bioinformatic prediction of the structure and characteristics of human sperm acrosome membrane-associated protein 1 (hSAMP32) and evaluation of its antifertility function in vivo.
  2. Spaca1 role in male infertility.Distribution of SPACA1 in the sperm affects the outcomes of conventional in vitro fertilization.
    Title: Individual differences in the distribution of sperm acrosome-associated 1 proteins among male patients of infertile couples; their possible impact on outcomes of conventional in vitro fertilization.
  3. Human posterior head 20 (hPH20) and homo sapiens sperm acrosome associated 1 (hSPACA1) immunocontraceptive epitopes reduced fertility in male/female mice.
    Title: Discovery of human posterior head 20 (hPH20) and homo sapiens sperm acrosome associated 1 (hSPACA1) immunocontraceptive epitopes and their effects on fertility in male and female mice.
  4. Observational study of gene-disease association. (HuGE Navigator)
    Title: L-type voltage-dependent calcium channel alpha subunit 1C is a novel candidate gene associated with secondary hyperparathyroidism: an application of haplotype-based analysis for multiple linked single nucleotide polymorphisms.
  5. SAMP32 was associated with the inner acrosomal membrane and recombinant SAMP32 reacted with serum from an infertile man suggesting that it is isoantigenic
    Title: SAMP32, a testis-specific, isoantigenic sperm acrosomal membrane-associated protein.
Submit: New GeneRIF Correction

Find tests for this gene in the NIH Genetic Testing Registry (GTR)

Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

Associated conditions

Description Tests
Spermatogenic failure 85
MedGen: C5882685 OMIM: 620490 GeneReviews: Not available
not available

EBI GWAS Catalog

Description
Genome-wide association of echocardiographic dimensions, brachial artery endothelial function and treadmill exercise responses in the Framingham Heart Study.
EBI GWAS Catalog

See variants in ClinVar

See studies and variants in dbVar

See Variation Viewer (GRCh37.p13)

See Variation Viewer (GRCh38)

Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

Markers

Homology

Clone Names

  • MGC32952

Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

Function Evidence Code Pubs
enables protein binding IPI
Inferred from Physical Interaction
more info
 PubMed 
Process Evidence Code Pubs
involved_in acrosome assembly IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
acts_upstream_of_or_within acrosome assembly IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
acts_upstream_of_or_within spermatogenesis IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
Component Evidence Code Pubs
is_active_in acrosomal membrane IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
located_in acrosomal membrane IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
located_in acrosomal vesicle IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
  
located_in acrosomal vesicle IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
located_in cytoplasmic vesicle IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
located_in inner acrosomal membrane IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
Preferred Names
sperm acrosome membrane-associated protein 1
Names
sperm acrosomal membrane-associated protein 32

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. NM_030960.3 → NP_112222.1  sperm acrosome membrane-associated protein 1 precursor

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_112222.1

    Status: VALIDATED

    Source sequence(s)
    AF203447, AL136096, BC029488
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS5014.1
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    Q9HBV2
    Related
    ENSP00000237201.1, ENST00000237201.2
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    cd13783
    Location:31 → 275
    SPACA1; Sperm acrosome membrane-associated protein 1

RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001405.40-RS_2025_08

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

Genomic

  1. NC_000006.12 Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

    Range
    88046901..88066838
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. XM_011536160.3 → XP_011534462.1  sperm acrosome membrane-associated protein 1 isoform X2

    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    cd13783
    Location:1 → 193
    SPACA1; Sperm acrosome membrane-associated protein 1

  2. XM_017011335.2 → XP_016866824.1  sperm acrosome membrane-associated protein 1 isoform X2

    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    cd13783
    Location:1 → 193
    SPACA1; Sperm acrosome membrane-associated protein 1

  3. XM_047419385.1 → XP_047275341.1  sperm acrosome membrane-associated protein 1 isoform X1

Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

Genomic

  1. NC_060930.1 Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

    Range
    89255379..89275314
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. XM_054356497.1 → XP_054212472.1  sperm acrosome membrane-associated protein 1 isoform X2

  2. XM_054356498.1 → XP_054212473.1  sperm acrosome membrane-associated protein 1 isoform X2

  3. XM_054356496.1 → XP_054212471.1  sperm acrosome membrane-associated protein 1 isoform X1

Nucleotide Protein
Heading Accession and Version
Protein Accession Links
GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
Q9HBV2.1 GenPept UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:Q9HBV2

Gene LinkOut

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