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KREMEN2 kringle containing transmembrane protein 2 [ Homo sapiens (human) ]

Gene ID: 79412, updated on 18-Sep-2024

Summary

Official Symbol
KREMEN2provided by HGNC
Official Full Name
kringle containing transmembrane protein 2provided by HGNC
Primary source
HGNC:HGNC:18797
See related
Ensembl:ENSG00000131650 MIM:609899; AllianceGenome:HGNC:18797
Gene type
protein coding
RefSeq status
REVIEWED
Organism
Homo sapiens
Lineage
Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
Also known as
KRM2
Summary
This gene encodes a high-affinity dickkopf homolog 1 (DKK1) transmembrane receptor. A similar protein in mouse functions interacts with with DKK1 to block wingless (WNT)/beta-catenin signaling. The encoded protein forms a ternary membrane complex with DKK1 and the WNT receptor lipoprotein receptor-related protein 6 (LRP6), and induces rapid endocytosis and removal of LRP6 from the plasma membrane. It contains extracellular kringle, WSC, and CUB domains. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2011]
Expression
Biased expression in skin (RPKM 2.2), brain (RPKM 0.7) and 7 other tissues See more
Orthologs
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Genomic context

See KREMEN2 in Genome Data Viewer
Location:
16p13.3
Exon count:
9
Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
RS_2024_08 current GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40) 16 NC_000016.10 (2964275..2968380)
RS_2024_08 current T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1) 16 NC_060940.1 (2990954..2995059)
RS_2024_09 previous assembly GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25) 16 NC_000016.9 (3014276..3018381)

Chromosome 16 - NC_000016.10Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene FLYWCH-type zinc finger 1 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr16:2974631-2975496 Neighboring gene ribosomal protein L23a pseudogene 86 Neighboring gene NANOG-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr16:2978151-2978660 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr16:2988192-2988805 Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC105371055 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr16:3005307-3006228 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr16:3006229-3007148 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 10287 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr16:3011513-3012510 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr16:3012511-3013508 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 7088 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 7089 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr16:3015093-3016052 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr16:3018331-3019320 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 7093 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 7092 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 7094 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 7095 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr16:3021603-3022419 Neighboring gene progestin and adipoQ receptor family member 4 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr16:3029137-3030013 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr16:3030014-3030889 Neighboring gene protein kinase, membrane associated tyrosine/threonine 1 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr16:3030890-3031766 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr16:3032811-3033312 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 7098 Neighboring gene ReSE screen-validated silencer GRCh37_chr16:3033737-3033923 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr16:3037455-3038406 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr16:3038407-3039356 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr16:3043721-3044222 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr16:3045542-3046514 Neighboring gene glycine rich extracellular protein 1 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr16:3048182-3048682 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr16:3048683-3049183 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr16:3051481-3052017

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

Expression

  • Project title: HPA RNA-seq normal tissues HPA RNA-seq normal tissues
  • Description: RNA-seq was performed of tissue samples from 95 human individuals representing 27 different tissues in order to determine tissue-specificity of all protein-coding genes
  • BioProject: PRJEB4337
  • Publication: PMID 24309898
  • Analysis date: Wed Apr 4 07:08:55 2018

Bibliography

GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

Pathways from PubChem

Interactions

Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

General gene information

Clone Names

  • MGC10791, MGC16709

Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

Function Evidence Code Pubs
enables transmembrane signaling receptor activity IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
 
Process Evidence Code Pubs
involved_in Wnt signaling pathway IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
 
involved_in limb development ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
 
involved_in negative regulation of ossification ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
 
involved_in signal transduction IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
 
Component Evidence Code Pubs
located_in early endosome membrane TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
 
is_active_in plasma membrane IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
 
located_in plasma membrane TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
 

General protein information

Preferred Names
kremen protein 2
Names
dickkopf receptor 2
kringle domain-containing transmembrane protein 2
kringle-containing protein marking the eye and the nose

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. NM_001253725.2NP_001240654.1  kremen protein 2 isoform e precursor

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (5) has multiple differences in the coding region, compared to variant 1, one of which results in a translational frameshift. The resulting protein (isoform e) has a distinct C-terminus and is shorter than isoform d.
    Source sequence(s)
    AC004235, AK075033, AK223422
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS58413.1
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    Q53F67
    Related
    ENSP00000459878.1, ENST00000575885.5
    Conserved Domains (3) summary
    smart00130
    Location:34119
    KR; Kringle domain
    cd00041
    Location:180285
    CUB; CUB domain; extracellular domain; present in proteins mostly known to be involved in development; not found in prokaryotes, plants and yeast.
    cl02568
    Location:124165
    WSC; WSC domain
  2. NM_001253726.2NP_001240655.1  kremen protein 2 isoform f precursor

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (6) uses an alternate in-frame splice site in the 3' coding region, compared to variant 1. This results in a shorter protein (isoform f), compared to isoform d.
    Source sequence(s)
    AK301953, BC003533
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS58412.1
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    Q53F67
    Related
    ENSP00000461860.1, ENST00000571007.5
    Conserved Domains (3) summary
    cd00041
    Location:180285
    CUB; CUB domain; extracellular domain; present in proteins mostly known to be involved in development; not found in prokaryotes, plants and yeast.
    cd00108
    Location:35119
    KR; Kringle domain; Kringle domains are believed to play a role in binding mediators, such as peptides, other proteins, membranes, or phospholipids. They are autonomous structural domains, found in a varying number of copies, in blood clotting and ...
    cl02568
    Location:124165
    WSC; WSC domain
  3. NM_024507.4NP_078783.1  kremen protein 2 isoform b precursor

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (2), also called kremen2b, lacks an exon in the 3' coding region compared to variant 4, resulting in a frameshift. The encoded isoform (b) is shorter and has a distinct C-terminus compared to isoform d.
    Source sequence(s)
    BC003533, BC009383
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS10484.1
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    Q53F67
    Related
    ENSP00000322079.6, ENST00000319500.11
    Conserved Domains (3) summary
    smart00130
    Location:34119
    KR; Kringle domain
    cd00041
    Location:219324
    CUB; CUB domain; extracellular domain; present in proteins mostly known to be involved in development; not found in prokaryotes, plants and yeast.
    pfam01822
    Location:124205
    WSC; WSC domain
  4. NM_172229.3NP_757384.1  kremen protein 2 isoform d precursor

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (4) represents the longest transcript and encodes the longest isoform (d).
    Source sequence(s)
    AB086405, BC003533, BC009383
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS10483.1
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    B4DXF6, I3L2S2, Q8N2J4, Q8NCW0, Q8NCW1, Q96GL8, Q9BTP9
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    Q53F67
    Related
    ENSP00000304422.5, ENST00000303746.10
    Conserved Domains (3) summary
    cd00041
    Location:219324
    CUB; CUB domain; extracellular domain; present in proteins mostly known to be involved in development; not found in prokaryotes, plants and yeast.
    cd00108
    Location:35119
    KR; Kringle domain; Kringle domains are believed to play a role in binding mediators, such as peptides, other proteins, membranes, or phospholipids. They are autonomous structural domains, found in a varying number of copies, in blood clotting and ...
    pfam01822
    Location:124205
    WSC; WSC domain

RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001405.40-RS_2024_08

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

Genomic

  1. NC_000016.10 Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

    Range
    2964275..2968380
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

Genomic

  1. NC_060940.1 Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

    Range
    2990954..2995059
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

Suppressed Reference Sequence(s)

The following Reference Sequences have been suppressed. Explain

  1. NM_145347.1: Suppressed sequence

    Description
    NM_145347.1: This RefSeq was temporarily suppressed because currently there is insufficient data to support this transcript.
  2. NM_145348.1: Suppressed sequence

    Description
    NM_145348.1: This RefSeq was temporarily suppressed because currently there is insufficient data to support this transcript.