- 2-LTR circle formation, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
2-LTR circle formation, organism-specific biosystemThe formation of 2-LTR circles requires the action of the cellular non-homologous DNA end-joining pathway. Specifically the cellular Ku, XRCC4 and ligase IV proteins are needed. Evidence for this i...
- DNA Double-Strand Break Repair, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
DNA Double-Strand Break Repair, organism-specific biosystemNumerous types of DNA damage can occur within a cell due to the endogenous production of oxygen free radicals, normal alkylation reactions, or exposure to exogenous radiations and chemicals. Double-s...
- DNA Repair, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
DNA Repair, organism-specific biosystemDNA repair is a phenomenal multi-enzyme, multi-pathway system required to ensure the integrity of the cellular genome. Living organisms are constantly exposed to harmful metabolic by-products, enviro...
- Disease, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Disease, organism-specific biosystemBiological processes are captured in Reactome by identifying the molecules (DNA, RNA, protein, small molecules) involved in them and describing the details of their interactions. From this molecular ...
- Early Phase of HIV Life Cycle, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Early Phase of HIV Life Cycle, organism-specific biosystemIn the early phase of HIV lifecycle, an active virion binds and enters a target cell mainly by specific interactions of the viral envelope proteins with host cell surface receptors. The virion core...
- HIV Infection, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
HIV Infection, organism-specific biosystemThe global pandemic of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection has resulted in tens of millions of people infected by the virus and millions more affected. UNAIDS estimates around 40 million ...
- HIV Life Cycle, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
HIV Life Cycle, organism-specific biosystemThe life cycle of HIV-1 is divided into early and late phases, shown schematically in the figure. In the early phase, an HIV-1 virion binds to receptors and co-receptors on the human host cell surfac...
- Infectious disease, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Infectious disease, organism-specific biosystem
Infectious disease
- Integration of provirus, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Integration of provirus, organism-specific biosystemFor retroviral DNA to direct production of progeny virions it must become covalently integrated into the host cell chromosome (reviewed in Coffin et al. 1997; Hansen et al. 1998). Analyses of mutants...
- Metabolism of proteins, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Metabolism of proteins, organism-specific biosystemProtein metabolism comprises the pathways of translation, post-translational modification and protein folding.
- Non-homologous end joining, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
Non-homologous end joining, organism-specific biosystem(From http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-homologous_end_joining) Non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) is a pathway that repairs double-strand breaks in DNA. NHEJ is referred to as "non-homologous" because...
- Non-homologous end-joining, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
Non-homologous end-joining, organism-specific biosystemNonhomologous end joining (NHEJ) eliminates DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) by direct ligation. NHEJ involves binding of the KU heterodimer to double-stranded DNA ends, recruitment of DNA-PKcs (MRX c...
- Non-homologous end-joining, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
Non-homologous end-joining, conserved biosystemNonhomologous end joining (NHEJ) eliminates DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) by direct ligation. NHEJ involves binding of the KU heterodimer to double-stranded DNA ends, recruitment of DNA-PKcs (MRX c...
- Nonhomologous End-Joining (NHEJ), organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Nonhomologous End-Joining (NHEJ), organism-specific biosystemThe nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ) pathway is initiated in response to the formation of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) induced by DNA-damaging agents, such as ionizing radiation. DNA DSBs are reco...
- Post-translational protein modification, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Post-translational protein modification, organism-specific biosystemAfter translation, many newly formed proteins undergo further covalent modifications that alter their functional properties and that are essentially irreversible under physiological conditions in the...
- SUMO E3 ligases SUMOylate target proteins, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
SUMO E3 ligases SUMOylate target proteins, organism-specific biosystemSUMO proteins are conjugated to lysine residues of target proteins via an isopeptide bond with the C-terminal glycine of SUMO (reviewed in Zhao 2007, Gareau and Lima 2010, Hannoun et al. 2010, Citro ...
- SUMOylation, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
SUMOylation, organism-specific biosystemSmall Ubiquitin-like MOdifiers (SUMOs) are a family of 3 proteins (SUMO1,2,3) that are reversibly conjugated to lysine residues of target proteins via a glycine-lysine isopeptide bond (reviewed in Ha...
- SUMOylation of DNA damage response and repair proteins, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
SUMOylation of DNA damage response and repair proteins, organism-specific biosystemSeveral factors that participate in DNA damage response and repair are SUMOylated (reviewed in Dou et al. 2011, Bekker-Jensen and Mailand 2011, Ulrich 2012, Psakhye and Jentsch 2012, Bologna and Ferr...