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NLGN4X neuroligin 4 X-linked [ Homo sapiens (human) ]

Gene ID: 57502, updated on 25-Jan-2022

Summary

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Official Symbol
NLGN4Xprovided by HGNC
Official Full Name
neuroligin 4 X-linkedprovided by HGNC
Primary source
HGNC:HGNC:14287
See related
Ensembl:ENSG00000146938 MIM:300427; AllianceGenome:HGNC:14287
Gene type
protein coding
RefSeq status
REVIEWED
Organism
Homo sapiens
Lineage
Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
Also known as
HLNX; HNL4X; NLGN4; ASPGX2; AUTSX2
Summary
This gene encodes a member of the type-B carboxylesterase/lipase protein family. The encoded protein belongs to a family of neuronal cell surface proteins. Members of this family may act as splice site-specific ligands for beta-neurexins and may be involved in the formation and remodeling of central nervous system synapses. The encoded protein interacts with discs large homolog 4 (DLG4). Mutations in this gene have been associated with autism and Asperger syndrome. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2013]
Expression
Broad expression in brain (RPKM 6.8), ovary (RPKM 4.3) and 19 other tissues See more
Orthologs
all
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Genomic context

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See NLGN4X in Genome Data Viewer
Location:
Xp22.32-p22.31
Exon count:
13
Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
109.20211119 current GRCh38.p13 (GCF_000001405.39) X NC_000023.11 (5890042..6228878, complement)
105.20201022 previous assembly GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25) X NC_000023.10 (5808083..6146908, complement)

Chromosome X - NC_000023.11Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase trifunctional multienzyme complex subunit beta pseudogene Neighboring gene HADHB pseudogene 1 Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC101928228 Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC105373156 Neighboring gene microRNA 4770 Neighboring gene RPS5 pseudogene 8

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Expression

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  • Project title: HPA RNA-seq normal tissues
  • Description: RNA-seq was performed of tissue samples from 95 human individuals representing 27 different tissues in order to determine tissue-specificity of all protein-coding genes
  • BioProject: PRJEB4337
  • Publication: PMID 24309898
  • Analysis date: Wed Apr 4 07:08:55 2018

Bibliography

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Related articles in PubMed

  1. Pathogenic paternally inherited NLGN4X deletion in a female with autism spectrum disorder: Clinical, cytogenetic, and molecular characterization. Kopp N, et al. Am J Med Genet A, 2021 Mar. PMID 33369065
  2. An Autism-Associated Mutation Impairs Neuroligin-4 Glycosylation and Enhances Excitatory Synaptic Transmission in Human Neurons. Cast TP, et al. J Neurosci, 2021 Jan 20. PMID 33268543, Free PMC Article
  3. Autism-associated variants of neuroligin 4X impair synaptogenic activity by various molecular mechanisms. Yumoto T, et al. Mol Autism, 2020 Sep 1. PMID 32873342, Free PMC Article
  4. Neuroligins and Neurodevelopmental Disorders: X-Linked Genetics. Nguyen TA, et al. Front Synaptic Neurosci, 2020. PMID 32848696, Free PMC Article
  5. Neuroligin-4 Regulates Excitatory Synaptic Transmission in Human Neurons. Marro SG, et al. Neuron, 2019 Aug 21. PMID 31257103, Free PMC Article

See all (65) citations in PubMed

See citations in PubMed for homologs of this gene provided by HomoloGene

GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?
  1. Autism-associated variants of neuroligin 4X impair synaptogenic activity by various molecular mechanisms.
    Title: Autism-associated variants of neuroligin 4X impair synaptogenic activity by various molecular mechanisms.
  2. Pathogenic paternally inherited NLGN4X deletion in a female with autism spectrum disorder: Clinical, cytogenetic, and molecular characterization.
    Title: Pathogenic paternally inherited NLGN4X deletion in a female with autism spectrum disorder: Clinical, cytogenetic, and molecular characterization.
  3. An Autism-Associated Mutation Impairs Neuroligin-4 Glycosylation and Enhances Excitatory Synaptic Transmission in Human Neurons.
    Title: An Autism-Associated Mutation Impairs Neuroligin-4 Glycosylation and Enhances Excitatory Synaptic Transmission in Human Neurons.
  4. A Cluster of Autism-Associated Variants on X-Linked NLGN4X Functionally Resemble NLGN4Y.
    Title: A Cluster of Autism-Associated Variants on X-Linked NLGN4X Functionally Resemble NLGN4Y.
  5. Neuroligin-4 is primarily expressed in cerebral cortex and localized to excitatory synapses. Overexpression of NLGN4 in human embryonic stem cell-derived neurons resulted in an increase in excitatory synapse numbers but a remarkable decrease in synaptic strength. The syndromic autism mutation NLGN4-R704C elicited more excitatory synapses but with increased functional synaptic transmission via a postsynaptic mechanism.
    Title: Neuroligin-4 Regulates Excitatory Synaptic Transmission in Human Neurons.
  6. the effects of rs1421589 within NRXN1, rs4844285 and rs11795613 within NLGN3, as well as rs5961397 within NLGX4X on Hirschsprung's disease phenotypes were also statistically significant.
    Title: Significance of neurexin and neuroligin polymorphisms in regulating risk of Hirschsprung's disease.
  7. Steady-state fluorescence and microscale thermophoresis experiments allowed the authors to confirm the binding of some of mycotoxins to acetylcholinesterase and X-linked neuroligin 4, two proteins involved in synapse activity and, particularly for the second protein, neuronal plasticity and development.
    Title: Binding of mycotoxins to proteins involved in neuronal plasticity: a combined in silico/wet investigation.
  8. Our data suggest that these four previously described neuroligin mutations are not primary risk factors for autism.
    Title: Not all neuroligin 3 and 4X missense variants lead to significant functional inactivation.
  9. NLGN4X might represent novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets for breast cancer. Inhibition of NLGN4X may be a new target for the prevention and treatment of breast cancer
    Title: Neuroligin 4X overexpression in human breast cancer is associated with poor relapse-free survival.
  10. Noncoding polymorphisms on NLGN4X may be associated to autism suggesting the key role of NLGN4X in autism pathophysiology and in its male prevalence.
    Title: Association Analysis of Noncoding Variants in Neuroligins 3 and 4X Genes with Autism Spectrum Disorder in an Italian Cohort.
Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (35)

Phenotypes

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Find tests for this gene in the NIH Genetic Testing Registry (GTR)

Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

Associated conditions

Description Tests
Asperger syndrome X-linked 2
MedGen: C1845334 OMIM: 300497 GeneReviews: Not available
Compare labs
Autism, susceptibility to, X-linked 2
MedGen: C1845539 OMIM: 300495 GeneReviews: Not available
Compare labs

EBI GWAS Catalog

Description
Biological insights from 108 schizophrenia-associated genetic loci.
EBI GWAS Catalog

Variation

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See variants in ClinVar

See studies and variants in dbVar

See Variation Viewer (GRCh37.p13)

See Variation Viewer (GRCh38)

Genotypes

Pathways from PubChem

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Interactions

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Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

General gene information

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Markers

Homology

Clone Names

  • KIAA1260, MGC22376

Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

Function Evidence Code Pubs
enables cell adhesion molecule binding TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
 PubMed 
enables chloride ion binding IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
enables neurexin family protein binding IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
 PubMed 
enables neurexin family protein binding IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
enables neurexin family protein binding IPI
Inferred from Physical Interaction
more info
 PubMed 
enables protein binding IPI
Inferred from Physical Interaction
more info
 PubMed 
enables protein homodimerization activity IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
enables scaffold protein binding IPI
Inferred from Physical Interaction
more info
 PubMed 
enables signaling receptor activity IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
 PubMed 
Process Evidence Code Pubs
involved_in adult behavior IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in brainstem development ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in cell-cell junction organization NAS
Non-traceable Author Statement
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in cerebellum development ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in chemical synaptic transmission IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in learning IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in modulation of chemical synaptic transmission IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in negative regulation of excitatory postsynaptic potential IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in neuron cell-cell adhesion IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in neuron cell-cell adhesion TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in neuron differentiation NAS
Non-traceable Author Statement
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in organ growth ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in postsynaptic membrane assembly IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in presynapse assembly TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in presynaptic membrane assembly IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in presynaptic membrane assembly IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in social behavior IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in synapse organization IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in synapse organization NAS
Non-traceable Author Statement
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in synaptic vesicle endocytosis IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in vocalization behavior IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in vocalization behavior ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
 PubMed 
Component Evidence Code Pubs
located_in asymmetric, glutamatergic, excitatory synapse TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
 PubMed 
is_active_in cell surface IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
 PubMed 
located_in cell surface IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
located_in dendrite IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
located_in excitatory synapse IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
located_in integral component of membrane NAS
Non-traceable Author Statement
more info
 PubMed 
is_active_in integral component of plasma membrane IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
 PubMed 
located_in integral component of plasma membrane IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
is_active_in integral component of postsynaptic specialization membrane IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
 PubMed 
located_in plasma membrane IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
located_in plasma membrane TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
  
located_in postsynaptic density membrane IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
located_in presynapse IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
located_in spanning component of membrane TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
 PubMed 
located_in symmetric, GABA-ergic, inhibitory synapse TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
 PubMed 
is_active_in synapse IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
 PubMed 
located_in synapse ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
 PubMed 

General protein information

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Preferred Names
neuroligin-4, X-linked

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

Genomic

  1. NG_008881.2 RefSeqGene

    Range
    5016..343841
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. NM_001282145.2 → NP_001269074.1  neuroligin-4, X-linked

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001269074.1

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (3) represents the longest transcript. Variants 1, 2, 3, and 4 encode the same protein.
    Source sequence(s)
    AC078989, AC079173, AK055471, CN357526
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS14126.1
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    Q8N0W4
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    A0A024RBV0, B3KP11
    Related
    ENSP00000370482.1, ENST00000381092.1
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    pfam00135
    Location:46 → 590
    COesterase; Carboxylesterase family

  2. NM_001282146.2 → NP_001269075.1  neuroligin-4, X-linked

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001269075.1

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (4) differs in the 5' UTR, compared to variant 3. Variants 1, 2, 3, and 4 encode the same protein.
    Source sequence(s)
    AB033086, AC078989, AK291036, DA724500
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS14126.1
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    Q8N0W4
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    A0A024RBV0, A8K4S1
    Related
    ENSP00000370483.3, ENST00000381093.6
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    pfam00135
    Location:46 → 590
    COesterase; Carboxylesterase family

  3. NM_020742.4 → NP_065793.1  neuroligin-4, X-linked

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_065793.1

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (1) differs in the 5' UTR, compared to variant 3. Variants 1, 2, 3, and 4 encode the same protein.
    Source sequence(s)
    AB033086, AC078989, AC112654
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS14126.1
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    Q8N0W4
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    A0A024RBV0
    Related
    ENSP00000275857.6, ENST00000275857.10
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    pfam00135
    Location:46 → 590
    COesterase; Carboxylesterase family

  4. NM_181332.3 → NP_851849.1  neuroligin-4, X-linked

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_851849.1

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (2) differs in the 5' UTR, compared to variant 3. Variants 1, 2, 3, and 4 encode the same protein.
    Source sequence(s)
    AB033086, AC078989, CN357526
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS14126.1
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    Q8N0W4
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    A0A024RBV0
    Related
    ENSP00000370485.3, ENST00000381095.8
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    pfam00135
    Location:46 → 590
    COesterase; Carboxylesterase family

RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: Homo sapiens Updated Annotation Release 109.20211119

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference GRCh38.p13 Primary Assembly

Genomic

  1. NC_000023.11 Reference GRCh38.p13 Primary Assembly

    Range
    5890042..6228878 complement
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. XM_005274564.3 → XP_005274621.1  neuroligin-4, X-linked isoform X1

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for XP_005274621.1

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    Q8N0W4
    Conserved Domains (2) summary
    COG0657
    Location:179 → 286
    Aes; Acetyl esterase/lipase [Lipid transport and metabolism]
    pfam00135
    Location:42 → 610
    COesterase; Carboxylesterase family

  2. XM_011545548.2 → XP_011543850.1  neuroligin-4, X-linked isoform X1

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for XP_011543850.1

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    Q8N0W4
    Conserved Domains (2) summary
    COG0657
    Location:179 → 286
    Aes; Acetyl esterase/lipase [Lipid transport and metabolism]
    pfam00135
    Location:42 → 610
    COesterase; Carboxylesterase family

  3. XM_017029691.1 → XP_016885180.1  neuroligin-4, X-linked isoform X2

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    Q8N0W4
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    A0A024RBV0
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    pfam00135
    Location:46 → 590
    COesterase; Carboxylesterase family

  4. XM_011545547.2 → XP_011543849.1  neuroligin-4, X-linked isoform X1

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for XP_011543849.1

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    Q8N0W4
    Conserved Domains (2) summary
    COG0657
    Location:179 → 286
    Aes; Acetyl esterase/lipase [Lipid transport and metabolism]
    pfam00135
    Location:42 → 610
    COesterase; Carboxylesterase family

  5. XM_005274565.2 → XP_005274622.1  neuroligin-4, X-linked isoform X1

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for XP_005274622.1

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    Q8N0W4
    Conserved Domains (2) summary
    COG0657
    Location:179 → 286
    Aes; Acetyl esterase/lipase [Lipid transport and metabolism]
    pfam00135
    Location:42 → 610
    COesterase; Carboxylesterase family

  6. XM_017029692.1 → XP_016885181.1  neuroligin-4, X-linked isoform X2

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    Q8N0W4
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    A0A024RBV0
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    pfam00135
    Location:46 → 590
    COesterase; Carboxylesterase family

  7. XM_005274566.4 → XP_005274623.1  neuroligin-4, X-linked isoform X1

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for XP_005274623.1

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    Q8N0W4
    Conserved Domains (2) summary
    COG0657
    Location:179 → 286
    Aes; Acetyl esterase/lipase [Lipid transport and metabolism]
    pfam00135
    Location:42 → 610
    COesterase; Carboxylesterase family

  8. XM_017029693.1 → XP_016885182.1  neuroligin-4, X-linked isoform X2

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    Q8N0W4
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    A0A024RBV0
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    pfam00135
    Location:46 → 590
    COesterase; Carboxylesterase family

  9. XM_006724504.3 → XP_006724567.1  neuroligin-4, X-linked isoform X1

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for XP_006724567.1

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    Q8N0W4
    Related
    ENSP00000439203.3, ENST00000538097.6
    Conserved Domains (2) summary
    COG0657
    Location:179 → 286
    Aes; Acetyl esterase/lipase [Lipid transport and metabolism]
    pfam00135
    Location:42 → 610
    COesterase; Carboxylesterase family
Nucleotide Protein
Heading Accession and Version
Protein Accession Links
GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
Q8N0W4.1 GenPept UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:Q8N0W4

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