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S surface glycoprotein [ Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 ]

Gene ID: 43740568, updated on 3-Nov-2024

Summary

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Gene symbol
S
Gene description
surface glycoprotein
Locus tag
GU280_gp02
Gene type
protein coding
RefSeq status
PROVISIONAL
Organism
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (isolate: Wuhan-Hu-1, nat-host: Homo sapiens)
Lineage
Viruses; Riboviria; Orthornavirae; Pisuviricota; Pisoniviricetes; Nidovirales; Cornidovirineae; Coronaviridae; Orthocoronavirinae; Betacoronavirus; Sarbecovirus
Also known as
spike glycoprotein
Summary
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is an enveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Virus particles include the RNA genetic material and structural proteins needed for invasion of host cells. Once inside the cell the infecting RNA is used to encode structural proteins that make up virus particles, nonstructural proteins that direct virus assembly, transcription, replication and host control and accessory proteins whose function has not been determined.~ The structural proteins of SARS-CoV-2 include the envelope protein (E), spike or surface glycoprotein (S), membrane protein (M) and the nucleocapsid protein (N). The spike glycoprotein is found on the outside of the virus particle and gives coronavirus viruses their crown-like appearance. This glycoprotein mediates attachment of the virus particle and entry into the host cell. S protein is an important target for vaccine development, antibody therapies and diagnostic antigen-based tests.
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Genomic context

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Sequence:
NC_045512.2 (21563..25384)

NC_045512.2Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene ORF1a polyprotein;ORF1ab polyprotein Neighboring gene ORF3a protein Neighboring gene envelope protein

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Genomic Sequence:
NC_045512.2

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Bibliography

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Related articles in PubMed

  1. Disruption of disulfides within RBD of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein prevents fusion and represents a target for viral entry inhibition by registered drugs. Manček-Keber M, et al. FASEB J, 2021 Jun. PMID 34004056, Free PMC Article
  2. Genome-wide analysis of SARS-CoV-2 strains circulating in Vietnam: Understanding the nature of the epidemic and role of the D614G mutation. Dao MH, et al. J Med Virol, 2021 Sep. PMID 34042186, Free PMC Article
  3. Landscape-Based Protein Stability Analysis and Network Modeling of Multiple Conformational States of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike D614G Mutant: Conformational Plasticity and Frustration-Induced Allostery as Energetic Drivers of Highly Transmissible Spike Variants. Verkhivker GM, et al. J Chem Inf Model, 2022 Apr 25. PMID 35377633
  4. A potent human monoclonal antibody with pan-neutralizing activities directly dislocates S trimer of SARS-CoV-2 through binding both up and down forms of RBD. Wang X, et al. Signal Transduct Target Ther, 2022 Apr 5. PMID 35383141, Free PMC Article
  5. Spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 variants: a brief review and practical implications. Candido KL, et al. Braz J Microbiol, 2022 Sep. PMID 35397075, Free PMC Article

See all (1000) citations in PubMed

GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?
  1. SARS-CoV-2 spike protein potentiates platelet aggregation via upregulating integrin alphaIIbbeta3 outside-in signaling pathway.
    Title: SARS-CoV-2 spike protein potentiates platelet aggregation via upregulating integrin αIIbβ3 outside-in signaling pathway.
  2. Interaction of SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein with ACE2 induces cortical actin modulation, including dephosphorylation of ERM proteins and reduction of cortical stiffness.
    Title: Interaction of SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein with ACE2 induces cortical actin modulation, including dephosphorylation of ERM proteins and reduction of cortical stiffness.
  3. ACE2 expression and spike S1 protein-mediated immune responses in oral mucosal cells.
    Title: ACE2 expression and spike S1 protein-mediated immune responses in oral mucosal cells.
  4. O-glycosylation of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein by host O-glycosyltransferase strengthens its trimeric structure.
    Title: O-glycosylation of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein by host O-glycosyltransferase strengthens its trimeric structure.
  5. An integrated bioinformatics approach reveals the potential role of microRNA-30b-5p and let-7a-5p during SARS CoV-2 spike-1 mediated neuroinflammation.
    Title: An integrated bioinformatics approach reveals the potential role of microRNA-30b-5p and let-7a-5p during SARS CoV-2 spike-1 mediated neuroinflammation.
  6. Glycosylation Modulation Dictates Trafficking and Interaction of SARS-CoV-2 S1 Subunit and ACE2 in Intestinal Epithelial Caco-2 Cells.
    Title: Glycosylation Modulation Dictates Trafficking and Interaction of SARS-CoV-2 S1 Subunit and ACE2 in Intestinal Epithelial Caco-2 Cells.
  7. Adsorption-Driven Deformation and Footprints of the RBD Proteins in SARS-CoV-2 Variants on Biological and Inanimate Surfaces.
    Title: Adsorption-Driven Deformation and Footprints of the RBD Proteins in SARS-CoV-2 Variants on Biological and Inanimate Surfaces.
  8. Sequential glycosylations at the multibasic cleavage site of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein regulate viral activity.
    Title: Sequential glycosylations at the multibasic cleavage site of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein regulate viral activity.
  9. Interaction Analysis on the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Receptor Binding Domain Using Visualization of the Interfacial Electrostatic Complementarity.
    Title: Interaction Analysis on the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Receptor Binding Domain Using Visualization of the Interfacial Electrostatic Complementarity.
  10. Mechanistic insights into SARS-CoV-2 spike protein induction of the chemokine CXCL10.
    Title: Mechanistic insights into SARS-CoV-2 spike protein induction of the chemokine CXCL10.
Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (564)

Pathways from PubChem

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Interactions

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Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

General protein information

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Preferred Names
surface glycoprotein
YP_009724390.1
  • structural protein; spike protein

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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Genome Annotation

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference assembly

Genomic

  1. NC_045512.2 Reference assembly

    Range
    21563..25384
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. YP_009724390.1 surface glycoprotein [Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2]

    Status: PROVISIONAL

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    P0DTC2
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    A0A679G9E9, A0A6B9XJC0, A0A6C0QGH5, A0A6G7K2L4, A0A6G7K2M4, A0A6G7WEE2, A0A6G9HF12, A0A6G9ZWU8, A0A6H0JQ80, A0A6H1PJZ3, A0A6H1PMM5, A0A6H1PRU2, A0A6H1W0J3, A0A6H2EIN2, A0A6H2L6Y7, A0A6M3HLG5, A0A6M6IYS1, A0A6P3CTT1, A0A7D5UC98, A0A858Z311, A0A858Z325, A0A897EF70, A0A897FD82
    Conserved Domains (4) summary
    cd21480
    Location:319 → 541
    SARS-CoV-2_Spike_S1_RBD; receptor-binding domain of the S1 subunit of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Spike (S) protein
    cd21624
    Location:13 → 304
    SARS-CoV-like_Spike_S1_NTD; N-terminal domain of the S1 subunit of the Spike (S) protein from Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus and related betacoronaviruses in the B lineage
    pfam19214
    Location:1233 → 1273
    CoV_S2_C; Coronavirus spike glycoprotein S2, intravirion
    cd22378
    Location:543 → 1208
    SARS-CoV-like_Spike_SD1-2_S1-S2_S2; SD-1 and SD-2 subdomains, the S1/S2 cleavage region, and the S2 fusion subunit of the spike (S) glycoprotein from SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) and related betacoronaviruses in the B lineage
Nucleotide Protein
Heading Accession and Version
Protein Accession Links
GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
P0DTC2.1 P0DTC2

Gene LinkOut