U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Format

Send to:

Choose Destination

MIR21 microRNA 21 [ Homo sapiens (human) ]

Gene ID: 406991, updated on 1-Oct-2024

Summary

Official Symbol
MIR21provided by HGNC
Official Full Name
microRNA 21provided by HGNC
Primary source
HGNC:HGNC:31586
See related
Ensembl:ENSG00000284190 MIM:611020; miRBase:MI0000077; AllianceGenome:HGNC:31586
Gene type
ncRNA
RefSeq status
PROVISIONAL
Organism
Homo sapiens
Lineage
Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
Also known as
MIRN21; miR-21; miRNA21; hsa-mir-21
Summary
microRNAs (miRNAs) are short (20-24 nt) non-coding RNAs that are involved in post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression in multicellular organisms by affecting both the stability and translation of mRNAs. miRNAs are transcribed by RNA polymerase II as part of capped and polyadenylated primary transcripts (pri-miRNAs) that can be either protein-coding or non-coding. The primary transcript is cleaved by the Drosha ribonuclease III enzyme to produce an approximately 70-nt stem-loop precursor miRNA (pre-miRNA), which is further cleaved by the cytoplasmic Dicer ribonuclease to generate the mature miRNA and antisense miRNA star (miRNA*) products. The mature miRNA is incorporated into a RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC), which recognizes target mRNAs through imperfect base pairing with the miRNA and most commonly results in translational inhibition or destabilization of the target mRNA. The RefSeq represents the predicted microRNA stem-loop. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2009]
NEW
Try the new Gene table
Try the new Transcript table

Genomic context

See MIR21 in Genome Data Viewer
Location:
17q23.1
Exon count:
1
Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
RS_2024_08 current GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40) 17 NC_000017.11 (59841266..59841337)
RS_2024_08 current T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1) 17 NC_060941.1 (60710020..60710091)
RS_2024_09 previous assembly GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25) 17 NC_000017.10 (57918627..57918698)

Chromosome 17 - NC_000017.11Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene Sharpr-MPRA regulatory region 22 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 8782 Neighboring gene clathrin heavy chain Neighboring gene CDK7 strongly-dependent group 2 enhancer GRCh37_chr17:57760547-57761746 Neighboring gene Sharpr-MPRA regulatory region 12460 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 12513 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr17:57780642-57781146 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr17:57781147-57781650 Neighboring gene NANOG-H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr17:57784605-57785260 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr17:57794547-57795046 Neighboring gene peptidyl-tRNA hydrolase 2 Neighboring gene vacuole membrane protein 1 Neighboring gene MED14-independent group 3 enhancer GRCh37_chr17:57831571-57832770 Neighboring gene H3K27ac hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr17:57845677-57846178 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr17:57860713-57861526 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 12515 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 12516 Neighboring gene H3K27ac hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr17:57911971-57912470 Neighboring gene VISTA enhancer hs1656 Neighboring gene OCT4-NANOG-H3K27ac hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr17:57917673-57918402 Neighboring gene ReSE screen-validated silencer GRCh37_chr17:57919688-57919882 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr17:57923900-57924888 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 8783 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 12518 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 12519 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr17:57931677-57932291 Neighboring gene RNA, U6 small nuclear 450, pseudogene Neighboring gene tubulin delta 1 Neighboring gene NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B8 pseudogene 2

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

Bibliography

GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

Pathways from PubChem

Interactions

Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

General gene information

Markers

Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

Process Evidence Code Pubs
involved_in BMP signaling pathway IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
PubMed 
acts_upstream_of blood vessel development ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
PubMed 
involved_in cellular response to gamma radiation IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
PubMed 
involved_in cellular response to ionizing radiation IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
involved_in cellular response to lipopolysaccharide IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
involved_in cellular response to lipopolysaccharide IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
PubMed 
involved_in cellular response to resveratrol ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
 
involved_in cellular response to virus IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
PubMed 
involved_in collagen metabolic process ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
 
involved_in embryo implantation NAS
Non-traceable Author Statement
more info
PubMed 
involved_in endothelial tube morphogenesis IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
PubMed 
involved_in epithelial to mesenchymal transition involved in cardiac fibroblast development IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
involved_in miRNA-mediated gene silencing by inhibition of translation IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
involved_in miRNA-mediated gene silencing by inhibition of translation IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
PubMed 
involved_in miRNA-mediated post-transcriptional gene silencing IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
involved_in miRNA-mediated post-transcriptional gene silencing IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
PubMed 
involved_in negative regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
involved_in negative regulation of MAPK cascade ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
 
acts_upstream_of negative regulation of NF-kappaB transcription factor activity IGI
Inferred from Genetic Interaction
more info
PubMed 
involved_in negative regulation of Rac protein signal transduction IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
involved_in negative regulation of Rho protein signal transduction IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
involved_in negative regulation of angiogenesis IC
Inferred by Curator
more info
PubMed 
involved_in negative regulation of angiogenesis ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
 
involved_in negative regulation of aortic smooth muscle cell differentiation IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
involved_in negative regulation of apoptotic process IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
involved_in negative regulation of arginine catabolic process ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
 
involved_in negative regulation of cardiac muscle cell apoptotic process ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
 
involved_in negative regulation of cardiac muscle hypertrophy ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
 
involved_in negative regulation of cartilage development IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
involved_in negative regulation of cell migration IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
involved_in negative regulation of cell population proliferation IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
involved_in negative regulation of chondrocyte proliferation IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
involved_in negative regulation of cytokine-mediated signaling pathway IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
involved_in negative regulation of endothelial cell migration IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
involved_in negative regulation of endothelial cell proliferation IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
involved_in negative regulation of endothelial tube morphogenesis ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
 
involved_in negative regulation of gene expression IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
acts_upstream_of negative regulation of gene expression IGI
Inferred from Genetic Interaction
more info
PubMed 
acts_upstream_of negative regulation of gene expression IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
PubMed 
involved_in negative regulation of gene expression IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
PubMed 
involved_in negative regulation of hydrogen peroxide-mediated programmed cell death ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
 
involved_in negative regulation of hydrogen sulfide biosynthetic process IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
involved_in negative regulation of innate immune response IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
PubMed 
acts_upstream_of_or_within negative regulation of interleukin-1-mediated signaling pathway IGI
Inferred from Genetic Interaction
more info
PubMed 
acts_upstream_of negative regulation of interleukin-12 production IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
involved_in negative regulation of interleukin-12 production IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
involved_in negative regulation of interleukin-21 production IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
involved_in negative regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway by p53 class mediator IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
acts_upstream_of negative regulation of mitotic cell cycle IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
PubMed 
involved_in negative regulation of non-canonical NF-kappaB signal transduction IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
PubMed 
involved_in negative regulation of non-canonical NF-kappaB signal transduction ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
 
involved_in negative regulation of reactive oxygen species biosynthetic process ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
 
involved_in negative regulation of regulatory T cell differentiation IGI
Inferred from Genetic Interaction
more info
PubMed 
involved_in negative regulation of smooth muscle cell apoptotic process ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
 
involved_in negative regulation of stress fiber assembly IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
involved_in negative regulation of type I interferon production IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
involved_in negative regulation of type I interferon-mediated signaling pathway IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
involved_in negative regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell apoptotic process IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
involved_in negative regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell migration IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
involved_in phenotypic switching IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
involved_in positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
involved_in positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
 
involved_in positive regulation of T-helper 17 cell differentiation ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
 
involved_in positive regulation of T-helper 17 type immune response ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
 
involved_in positive regulation of activated T cell proliferation IGI
Inferred from Genetic Interaction
more info
PubMed 
involved_in positive regulation of angiogenesis IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
involved_in positive regulation of apoptotic process IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
acts_upstream_of positive regulation of blood vessel endothelial cell proliferation involved in sprouting angiogenesis IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
involved_in positive regulation of cardiac muscle hypertrophy ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
 
involved_in positive regulation of cell migration IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
involved_in positive regulation of cell migration IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
PubMed 
involved_in positive regulation of cell population proliferation IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
involved_in positive regulation of cell population proliferation IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
PubMed 
involved_in positive regulation of cell projection organization ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
 
involved_in positive regulation of cellular response to hypoxia ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
 
acts_upstream_of positive regulation of cytokine production IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
involved_in positive regulation of cytokine production involved in inflammatory response ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
 
involved_in positive regulation of endothelial cell differentiation IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
involved_in positive regulation of endothelial cell migration IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
involved_in positive regulation of epithelial to mesenchymal transition IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
involved_in positive regulation of fat cell differentiation IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
involved_in positive regulation of gene expression IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
involved_in positive regulation of inflammatory response IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
PubMed 
acts_upstream_of positive regulation of inflammatory response ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
PubMed 
involved_in positive regulation of inflammatory response to wounding ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
 
involved_in positive regulation of keratinocyte proliferation IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
involved_in positive regulation of leukocyte adhesion to vascular endothelial cell IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
PubMed 
involved_in positive regulation of myofibroblast differentiation IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
PubMed 
involved_in positive regulation of osteoblast differentiation IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
acts_upstream_of positive regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signal transduction IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
acts_upstream_of positive regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signal transduction IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
PubMed 
involved_in positive regulation of potassium ion export across plasma membrane IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
involved_in positive regulation of protein phosphorylation IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
involved_in positive regulation of protein phosphorylation ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
 
involved_in positive regulation of replicative senescence IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
acts_upstream_of positive regulation of transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
PubMed 
acts_upstream_of positive regulation of transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
 
involved_in positive regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell differentiation IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
PubMed 
involved_in positive regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell migration IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
PubMed 
involved_in positive regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell migration ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
 
involved_in positive regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell proliferation IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
involved_in positive regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell proliferation IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
PubMed 
involved_in positive regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell proliferation ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
 
involved_in positive regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle contraction IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
involved_in positive regulation of vascular endothelial cell proliferation IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
acts_upstream_of positive regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor signaling pathway IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
involved_in regulation of calcium ion transmembrane transport via high voltage-gated calcium channel IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
involved_in regulation of cell migration IGI
Inferred from Genetic Interaction
more info
PubMed 
involved_in regulation of cell shape IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
PubMed 
involved_in regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
PubMed 
acts_upstream_of regulation of extracellular matrix organization IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
involved_in regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signal transduction ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
 
involved_in regulation of reactive oxygen species metabolic process IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
involved_in regulation of reactive oxygen species metabolic process ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
 
acts_upstream_of retinal cell apoptotic process ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
PubMed 

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

NEW Try the new Transcript table

RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

RNA

  1. NR_029493.1 RNA Sequence

    Status: PROVISIONAL

    Source sequence(s)
    AC004686
    Related
    ENST00000362134.1

RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001405.40-RS_2024_08

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

Genomic

  1. NC_000017.11 Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

    Range
    59841266..59841337
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

Genomic

  1. NC_060941.1 Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

    Range
    60710020..60710091
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)