Srr serine racemase [Mus musculus (house mouse)] - Gene

Summary

Official Symbol: Srrprovided by MGI
Official Full Name: serine racemaseprovided by MGI
Primary source: MGI:MGI:1351636
See related: Ensembl:ENSMUSG00000001323 AllianceGenome:MGI:1351636
Gene type: protein coding
RefSeq status: VALIDATED
Organism: Mus musculus
Lineage: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Glires; Rodentia; Myomorpha; Muroidea; Muridae; Murinae; Mus; Mus
Also known as: Srs; Rgsc34; M100034
Summary: Enables several functions, including amino-acid racemase activity; anion binding activity; and identical protein binding activity. Acts upstream of or within D-serine biosynthetic process and L-serine metabolic process. Predicted to be located in apical part of cell and neuronal cell body. Predicted to be active in cytoplasm. Is expressed in facial bone primordium and nervous system. Used to study schizophrenia. Orthologous to human SRR (serine racemase). [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Jul 2025]
Expression: Ubiquitous expression in frontal lobe adult (RPKM 12.8), cortex adult (RPKM 12.1) and 28 other tissues See more
Orthologs: all
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Genomic context

Location:: 11 B5; 11 45.76 cM

Exon count:: 9

Annotation release	Status	Assembly	Chr	Location
RS_2024_02	current	GRCm39 (GCF_000001635.27)	11	NC_000077.7 (74794853..74818427, complement)
108.20200622	previous assembly	GRCm38.p6 (GCF_000001635.26)	11	NC_000077.6 (74904027..74927533, complement)

Chromosome 11 - NC_000077.7 Genomic Context describing neighboring genes

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Go to reference sequence details

Genomic Sequence:

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Expression

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See details

Project title: Mouse ENCODE transcriptome data
Description: RNA profiling data sets generated by the Mouse ENCODE project.
BioProject: PRJNA66167
Publication: PMID 25409824
Analysis date: n/a

Bibliography

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GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

Serine Racemase mediates subventricular zone neurogenesis via fatty acid metabolism.
Title: Serine Racemase mediates subventricular zone neurogenesis via fatty acid metabolism.
Serine Racemase Expression by Striatal Neurons.
Title: Serine Racemase Expression by Striatal Neurons.
Factors regulating serine racemase and d-amino acid oxidase expression in the mouse striatum.
Title: Factors regulating serine racemase and d-amino acid oxidase expression in the mouse striatum.
Forebrain expression of serine racemase during postnatal development.
Title: Forebrain expression of serine racemase during postnatal development.
Postsynaptic Serine Racemase Regulates NMDA Receptor Function.
Title: Postsynaptic Serine Racemase Regulates NMDA Receptor Function.
Serine racemase knockout mice demonstrate abnormalities in socio-communicative behaviors consistent with an impairment in sociality, a negative symptom of schizophrenia.
Title: Sociality deficits in serine racemase knockout mice.
SR-/- mice exhibited similar baseline intracranial self-stimulation thresholds but were less sensitive to the threshold-lowering (rewarding) and the performance-elevating (stimulant) effects of cocaine. While basal DA and glutamate release were elevated in the nucleus accumbens of SR-/- mice, cocaine-induced increases in DA and glutamate release were blunted. GABA efflux was unaffected in the SR-/- mice.
Title: N-Methyl-d-aspartate receptor co-agonist availability affects behavioral and neurochemical responses to cocaine: insights into comorbid schizophrenia and substance abuse.
The studies findings demonstrate neuronal serine racemase association with DISC1 and its agglomerates, which can be modulated by d-Serine.
Title: Neuronal serine racemase associates with Disrupted-In-Schizophrenia-1 and DISC1 agglomerates: Implications for schizophrenia.
Serine racemase (SR) deficiency significantly prevented retinal ganglion cell (RGC) loss in diabetic mice. We conclude that D-serine is a critical factor in the degeneration of RGC in diabetic retinopathy (DR). Targeting SR expression or activity may be a strategy for ameliorating RGC loss in DR.
Title: Loss-of-function mutation of serine racemase attenuates retinal ganglion cell loss in diabetic mice.
Study to demonstrate that serine racemase inhibitor alleviates neuronal ischemic injury. Serine racemase inhibition acts on the neurovascular unit as a neuroprotectant and ameliorant of reductions in regional cerebral blood flow.
Title: Serine racemase inhibition induces nitric oxide-mediated neurovascular protection during cerebral ischemia.

Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (39)

Variation

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Alleles

Alleles of this type are documented at Mouse Genome Informatics (MGI)

Chemically induced (ENU) (9) 1 citation
Endonuclease-mediated (3)
Gene trapped (2)
Targeted (7) 1 citation

Interactions

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Products	Interactant	Other Gene	Complex	Source	Pubs	Description

General gene information

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Markers

AU040765 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:180251

AW550801 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:180253

NoName (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:236634

NoName (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:236637

D11Jcs5 (e-PCR), detects polymorphism
- UniSTS:474718

D11Bhm11 (e-PCR), detects polymorphism
- UniSTS:141545

Gene Ontology Provided by MGI

Function	Evidence Code	Pubs
enables ATP binding	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
enables ATP binding	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables ATP binding	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables ATP binding	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
enables D-serine ammonia-lyase activity	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables D-serine ammonia-lyase activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables L-serine ammonia-lyase activity	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
enables L-serine ammonia-lyase activity	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables L-serine ammonia-lyase activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables L-serine ammonia-lyase activity	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
enables PDZ domain binding	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables PDZ domain binding	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
enables calcium ion binding	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables glycine binding	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables identical protein binding	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables identical protein binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed
enables identical protein binding	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
enables magnesium ion binding	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
enables magnesium ion binding	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables magnesium ion binding	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
enables metal ion binding	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables protein binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed
enables protein homodimerization activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables protein homodimerization activity	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
enables pyridoxal phosphate binding	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
enables pyridoxal phosphate binding	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables pyridoxal phosphate binding	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
enables pyridoxal phosphate binding	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
enables serine racemase activity	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
enables serine racemase activity	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables serine racemase activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables serine racemase activity	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info	PubMed
enables threonine racemase activity	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed

Process	Evidence Code	Pubs
involved_in D-serine biosynthetic process	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within D-serine biosynthetic process	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in D-serine biosynthetic process	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in D-serine biosynthetic process	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in D-serine biosynthetic process	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within L-serine metabolic process	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in L-serine metabolic process	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within L-serine metabolic process	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info	PubMed
involved_in L-serine metabolic process	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in amino acid metabolic process	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in pyruvate biosynthetic process	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in pyruvate biosynthetic process	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in response to ketamine	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in response to lipopolysaccharide	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in response to xenobiotic stimulus	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info

Component	Evidence Code	Pubs
located_in apical part of cell	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in apical part of cell	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
is_active_in cytoplasm	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
located_in cytoplasm	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in cytoplasm	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in neuronal cell body	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in neuronal cell body	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info

General protein information

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Preferred Names: serine racemase

Names: D-serine ammonia-lyase; D-serine dehydratase; L-serine ammonia-lyase; L-serine dehydratase

NP_001156783.1

EC 4.3.1.17

EC 4.3.1.18

EC 5.1.1.18

NP_001349671.1

EC 4.3.1.17

EC 4.3.1.18

EC 5.1.1.18

NP_001349672.1

EC 4.3.1.17

EC 4.3.1.18

EC 5.1.1.18

NP_001349673.1

EC 4.3.1.17

EC 4.3.1.18

EC 5.1.1.18

NP_038789.1

EC 4.3.1.17

EC 4.3.1.18

EC 5.1.1.18

XP_006533520.1

EC 4.3.1.17

EC 4.3.1.18

EC 5.1.1.18

XP_011247359.1

EC 4.3.1.17

EC 4.3.1.18

EC 5.1.1.18

XP_017170060.1

EC 4.3.1.17

EC 4.3.1.18

EC 5.1.1.18

XP_030101905.1

EC 4.3.1.17

EC 4.3.1.18

EC 5.1.1.18

XP_030101906.1

EC 4.3.1.17

EC 4.3.1.18

EC 5.1.1.18

XP_036012631.1

EC 4.3.1.17

EC 4.3.1.18

EC 5.1.1.18

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

mRNA and Protein(s)

NM_001163311.2 → NP_001156783.1 serine racemase isoform 1

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001156783.1

Status: VALIDATED

Source sequence(s)

AB232342, AK043738, AK079343, AL604066, BY475189

Consensus CDS

CCDS25038.1

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

Q401M7, Q5SWE4, Q5SWE5, Q5SWE7, Q8BT19, Q8CD11, Q9QZX7

Related

ENSMUSP00000113372.2, ENSMUST00000121738.8

Conserved Domains (1) summary

cl00342
Location:5 → 322

Trp-synth-beta_II; Tryptophan synthase beta superfamily (fold type II); this family of pyridoxal phosphate (PLP)-dependent enzymes catalyzes beta-replacement and beta-elimination reactions. This CD corresponds to aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase (ACCD), tryptophan ...
NM_001362742.1 → NP_001349671.1 serine racemase isoform 2

Status: VALIDATED

Source sequence(s)

AK031687, AL604066

Consensus CDS

CCDS88190.1

Related

ENSMUSP00000104086.2, ENSMUST00000108447.8

Conserved Domains (1) summary

cl00342
Location:5 → 297

Trp-synth-beta_II; Tryptophan synthase beta superfamily (fold type II); this family of pyridoxal phosphate (PLP)-dependent enzymes catalyzes beta-replacement and beta-elimination reactions. This CD corresponds to aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase (ACCD), tryptophan ...
NM_001362743.1 → NP_001349672.1 serine racemase isoform 3

Status: VALIDATED

Source sequence(s)

AL604066

Conserved Domains (1) summary

cl00342
Location:5 → 267

Trp-synth-beta_II; Tryptophan synthase beta superfamily (fold type II); this family of pyridoxal phosphate (PLP)-dependent enzymes catalyzes beta-replacement and beta-elimination reactions. This CD corresponds to aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase (ACCD), tryptophan ...
NM_001362744.1 → NP_001349673.1 serine racemase isoform 4

Status: VALIDATED

Source sequence(s)

AK079343, AL604066

Conserved Domains (1) summary

cl00342
Location:1 → 180

Trp-synth-beta_II; Tryptophan synthase beta superfamily (fold type II); this family of pyridoxal phosphate (PLP)-dependent enzymes catalyzes beta-replacement and beta-elimination reactions. This CD corresponds to aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase (ACCD), tryptophan ...
NM_013761.5 → NP_038789.1 serine racemase isoform 1

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_038789.1

Status: VALIDATED

Source sequence(s)

AB232342, AK043738, AK079343, AL604066, BY475189

Consensus CDS

CCDS25038.1

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

Q401M7, Q5SWE4, Q5SWE5, Q5SWE7, Q8BT19, Q8CD11, Q9QZX7

Related

ENSMUSP00000067552.3, ENSMUST00000065211.9

Conserved Domains (1) summary

cl00342
Location:5 → 322

Trp-synth-beta_II; Tryptophan synthase beta superfamily (fold type II); this family of pyridoxal phosphate (PLP)-dependent enzymes catalyzes beta-replacement and beta-elimination reactions. This CD corresponds to aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase (ACCD), tryptophan ...

RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001635.27-RS_2024_02

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference GRCm39 C57BL/6J

Genomic

NC_000077.7 Reference GRCm39 C57BL/6J

Range

74794853..74818427 complement

Download

GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

XM_011249057.4 → XP_011247359.1 serine racemase isoform X2

Conserved Domains (1) summary

cl00342
Location:5 → 267

Trp-synth-beta_II; Tryptophan synthase beta superfamily (fold type II); this family of pyridoxal phosphate (PLP)-dependent enzymes catalyzes beta-replacement and beta-elimination reactions. This CD corresponds to aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase (ACCD), tryptophan ...
XM_036156738.1 → XP_036012631.1 serine racemase isoform X2

Conserved Domains (1) summary

cl00342
Location:5 → 267

Trp-synth-beta_II; Tryptophan synthase beta superfamily (fold type II); this family of pyridoxal phosphate (PLP)-dependent enzymes catalyzes beta-replacement and beta-elimination reactions. This CD corresponds to aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase (ACCD), tryptophan ...
XM_017314571.3 → XP_017170060.1 serine racemase isoform X3

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

Q401M7, Q5SWE4, Q5SWE5, Q5SWE7, Q8BT19, Q8CD11, Q9QZX7

Conserved Domains (1) summary

cl00342
Location:5 → 322

Trp-synth-beta_II; Tryptophan synthase beta superfamily (fold type II); this family of pyridoxal phosphate (PLP)-dependent enzymes catalyzes beta-replacement and beta-elimination reactions. This CD corresponds to aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase (ACCD), tryptophan ...
XM_006533457.5 → XP_006533520.1 serine racemase isoform X3

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for XP_006533520.1

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

Q401M7, Q5SWE4, Q5SWE5, Q5SWE7, Q8BT19, Q8CD11, Q9QZX7

Conserved Domains (1) summary

cl00342
Location:5 → 322

Trp-synth-beta_II; Tryptophan synthase beta superfamily (fold type II); this family of pyridoxal phosphate (PLP)-dependent enzymes catalyzes beta-replacement and beta-elimination reactions. This CD corresponds to aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase (ACCD), tryptophan ...
XM_030246045.2 → XP_030101905.1 serine racemase isoform X1

Conserved Domains (1) summary

cl00342
Location:5 → 267

Trp-synth-beta_II; Tryptophan synthase beta superfamily (fold type II); this family of pyridoxal phosphate (PLP)-dependent enzymes catalyzes beta-replacement and beta-elimination reactions. This CD corresponds to aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase (ACCD), tryptophan ...
XM_030246046.2 → XP_030101906.1 serine racemase isoform X2

Conserved Domains (1) summary

cl00342
Location:5 → 267

Trp-synth-beta_II; Tryptophan synthase beta superfamily (fold type II); this family of pyridoxal phosphate (PLP)-dependent enzymes catalyzes beta-replacement and beta-elimination reactions. This CD corresponds to aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase (ACCD), tryptophan ...