PLA2G15 phospholipase A2 group XV [Homo sapiens (human)] - Gene

Summary

Official Symbol: PLA2G15provided by HGNC
Official Full Name: phospholipase A2 group XVprovided by HGNC
Primary source: HGNC:HGNC:17163
See related: Ensembl:ENSG00000103066 MIM:609362; AllianceGenome:HGNC:17163
Gene type: protein coding
RefSeq status: REVIEWED
Organism: Homo sapiens
Lineage: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
Also known as: ACS; LLPL; LPLA2; LYPLA3; GXVPLA2
Summary: Lysophospholipases are enzymes that act on biological membranes to regulate the multifunctional lysophospholipids. The protein encoded by this gene hydrolyzes lysophosphatidylcholine to glycerophosphorylcholine and a free fatty acid. This enzyme is present in the plasma and thought to be associated with high-density lipoprotein. A later paper contradicts the function of this gene. It demonstrates that this gene encodes a lysosomal enzyme instead of a lysophospholipase and has both calcium-independent phospholipase A2 and transacylase activities. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
Expression: Ubiquitous expression in placenta (RPKM 17.1), heart (RPKM 11.8) and 25 other tissues See more
Orthologs: mouse all
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Genomic context

Location:: 16q22.1

Exon count:: 7

Annotation release	Status	Assembly	Chr	Location
RS_2023_03	current	GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40)	16	NC_000016.10 (68245373..68261058)
RS_2023_03	current	T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1)	16	NC_060940.1 (74041120..74056809)
105.20220307	previous assembly	GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25)	16	NC_000016.9 (68279276..68294961)

Chromosome 16 - NC_000016.10 Genomic Context describing neighboring genes

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Go to reference sequence details

Genomic Sequence:

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Expression

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See details

Project title: HPA RNA-seq normal tissues
Description: RNA-seq was performed of tissue samples from 95 human individuals representing 27 different tissues in order to determine tissue-specificity of all protein-coding genes
BioProject: PRJEB4337
Publication: PMID 24309898
Analysis date: Wed Apr 4 07:08:55 2018

Bibliography

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GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

Phospholipase A2 group XV activity during cardiopulmonary bypass surgery.
Title: Phospholipase A2 group XV activity during cardiopulmonary bypass surgery.
Zn(2+) was found to inhibit the esterase activity of LPLA2 in a noncompetitive manner exclusively at a neutral pH (between 6.5 and 8.0). Because lysosomes are reservoirs of Zn(2+) in cells, the pH optimum of LPLA2 might allow it to catalyze acyl transfer unimpeded within the organelle.
Title: Structural Basis of Lysosomal Phospholipase A(2) Inhibition by Zn(2).
Expression of the NFATC3-PLA2G15 chimera correlated with aggressive disease biology in murine patient-derived T-ALL xenografts, and poor prognosis in human T-ALL patients.
Title: Novel Intergenically Spliced Chimera, NFATC3-PLA2G15, Is Associated with Aggressive T-ALL Biology and Outcome.
findings show that endosomal lipases participate in lipid antigen presentation by processing lipid antigens and have a role in T cell immunity against mycobacteria
Title: Lysosomal Lipases PLRP2 and LPLA2 Process Mycobacterial Multi-acylated Lipids and Generate T Cell Stimulatory Antigens.
Observational study of gene-disease association, gene-environment interaction, and pharmacogenomic / toxicogenomic. (HuGE Navigator)
Title: Variation at the NFATC2 locus increases the risk of thiazolidinedione-induced edema in the Diabetes REduction Assessment with ramipril and rosiglitazone Medication (DREAM) study.
Observational study of gene-disease association. (HuGE Navigator)
Title: Genetic variants in nuclear-encoded mitochondrial genes influence AIDS progression.
Patients with transient ischemic atack have a high-risk mechanism (large vessel stenosis or cardioembolism) or will experience stroke/death within 90 days. In contrast to CRP, both Lp-PLA(2) mass and activity were associated with this composite end point.
Title: Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 and C-reactive protein for risk-stratification of patients with TIA.
analyzed the association of five polymorphisms (-1357G>A, -403T>C, Arg92His, Ile198Thr, Ala379Val) and related haplotypes at the PLA2G7 locus with angiographic coronary artery disease, plasma LpPLA2 activity, and long-term survival
Title: Genetic variants and haplotypes of lipoprotein associated phospholipase A2 and their influence on cardiovascular disease (The Ludwigshafen Risk and Cardiovascular Health Study).
The RXR agonist methoprene acid worked as well as all-trans-retinoic acid at increasing both lysosomal phospholipase A2 mRNA and enzyme activity
Title: Induction of lysosomal phospholipase A2 through the retinoid X receptor in THP-1 cells.

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Phenotypes

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Find tests for this gene in the NIH Genetic Testing Registry (GTR)

Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

EBI GWAS Catalog

Description
Biological insights from 108 schizophrenia-associated genetic loci. EBI GWAS Catalog EBI GWAS CatalogPubMed

Variation

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See variants in ClinVar

See studies and variants in dbVar

See Variation Viewer (GRCh37.p13)

See Variation Viewer (GRCh38)

Interactions

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Products	Interactant	Other Gene	Complex	Source	Pubs	Description

General gene information

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Markers

SHGC-60695 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:13086

RH27239 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:88607

D16S2605E (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:151673

Homology

Homologs of the PLA2G15 gene: The PLA2G15 gene is conserved in chimpanzee, Rhesus monkey, dog, cow, mouse, rat, chicken, zebrafish, fruit fly, mosquito, C.elegans, A.thaliana, rice, and frog.
Orthologs from Annotation Pipeline: 489 organisms have orthologs with human gene PLA2G15
Orthologs

Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

Function	Evidence Code	Pubs
enables 1-acyl-2-lysophosphatidylserine acylhydrolase activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables O-acyltransferase activity	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info	PubMed
enables O-acyltransferase activity	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables O-acyltransferase activity	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
enables acylglycerol O-acyltransferase activity	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
enables calcium-independent phospholipase A2 activity	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info	PubMed
enables calcium-independent phospholipase A2 activity	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables calcium-independent phospholipase A2 activity	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
enables calcium-independent phospholipase A2 activity	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info
enables lysophospholipase activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables phosphatidyl phospholipase B activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables phosphatidylserine 1-acylhydrolase activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables phospholipase A1 activity	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables phospholipase A1 activity	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
enables phospholipid binding	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
enables zinc ion binding	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed

Process	Evidence Code	Pubs
involved_in ceramide metabolic process	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info	PubMed
involved_in ceramide metabolic process	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in ceramide metabolic process	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in diacylglycerol biosynthetic process	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in fatty acid catabolic process	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in glycerophospholipid metabolic process	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in phosphatidylcholine catabolic process	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in phosphatidylcholine metabolic process	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info	PubMed
involved_in phosphatidylcholine metabolic process	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in phosphatidylethanolamine catabolic process	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in phosphatidylglycerol metabolic process	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in phosphatidylserine metabolic process	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in phospholipid metabolic process	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info

Component	Evidence Code	Pubs
located_in extracellular exosome	HDA more info	PubMed
located_in extracellular region	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info
is_active_in extracellular space	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info	PubMed
located_in extracellular space	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in intracellular membrane-bounded organelle	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info
is_active_in lysosome	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info	PubMed
located_in lysosome	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
located_in lysosome	NAS Non-traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
located_in membrane	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in nucleoplasm	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info

General protein information

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Preferred Names: phospholipase A2 group XV

Names: 1-O-acylceramide synthase; LCAT-like lysophospholipase; group XV phospholipase A2; lysophospholipase 3 (lysosomal phospholipase A2); lysosomal phospholipase A and acyltransferase; lysosomal phospholipase A2

NP_001350480.1

EC 3.1.1.32

EC 3.1.1.4

NP_036452.1

EC 3.1.1.32

EC 3.1.1.4

XP_011521281.1

EC 3.1.1.32

EC 3.1.1.4

XP_011521282.3

EC 3.1.1.32

EC 3.1.1.4

XP_047289843.1

EC 3.1.1.32

EC 3.1.1.4

XP_054235960.1

EC 3.1.1.32

EC 3.1.1.4

XP_054235961.1

EC 3.1.1.32

EC 3.1.1.4

XP_054235962.1

EC 3.1.1.32

EC 3.1.1.4

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

mRNA and Protein(s)

NM_001363551.2 → NP_001350480.1 phospholipase A2 group XV isoform 2 precursor

Status: REVIEWED

Description

Transcript Variant: This variant (2) uses an alternate splice site in the coding region, which results in a frameshift, compared to variant 1. It encodes isoform 2, which has a shorter and distinct C-terminus, compared to isoform 1.

Source sequence(s)

AC020978, AK296263

Consensus CDS

CCDS92182.1

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

B4DJW4

Related

ENSP00000457034.1, ENST00000566188.5

Conserved Domains (1) summary

cl21494
Location:74 → 167

Abhydrolase; alpha/beta hydrolases
NM_012320.4 → NP_036452.1 phospholipase A2 group XV isoform 1 precursor

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_036452.1

Status: REVIEWED

Description

Transcript Variant: This variant represents the longer transcript and encodes the longer isoform (1).

Source sequence(s)

AK074828, BC062605

Consensus CDS

CCDS10864.1

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

Q8NCC3, Q9Y2B3

Related

ENSP00000219345.5, ENST00000219345.10

Conserved Domains (1) summary

cl21494
Location:74 → 396

Abhydrolase; alpha/beta hydrolases