GKN2 gastrokine 2 [Homo sapiens (human)] - Gene

Summary

Official Symbol: GKN2provided by HGNC
Official Full Name: gastrokine 2provided by HGNC
Primary source: HGNC:HGNC:24588
See related: Ensembl:ENSG00000183607 MIM:618589
Gene type: protein coding
RefSeq status: REVIEWED
Organism: Homo sapiens
Lineage: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
Also known as: GDDR; TFIZ1; PRO813; BRICD1B; VLTI465
Summary: The secretory protein encoded by this gene is produced in gastric surface mucous cells, where it can bind trefoil factor family peptide 1 or gastrokine-1. This gene may be a tumor suppressor gene, as its expression is markedly decreased in gastric cancer tissues. The encoded protein interacts with gastrokine-1 and regulates homeostasis of the gastric mucosa. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2015]
Expression: Restricted expression toward stomach (RPKM 1463.9) See more
Orthologs: mouse all
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Genomic context

Location:: 2p13.3

Exon count:: 6

Annotation release	Status	Assembly	Chr	Location
109.20211119	current	GRCh38.p13 (GCF_000001405.39)	2	NC_000002.12 (68945232..68952893, complement)
105.20201022	previous assembly	GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25)	2	NC_000002.11 (69172364..69180025, complement)

Chromosome 2 - NC_000002.12 Genomic Context describing neighboring genes

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Genomic Sequence:

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Expression

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See details

Project title: HPA RNA-seq normal tissues
Description: RNA-seq was performed of tissue samples from 95 human individuals representing 27 different tissues in order to determine tissue-specificity of all protein-coding genes
BioProject: PRJEB4337
Publication: PMID 24309898
Analysis date: Wed Apr 4 07:08:55 2018

Bibliography

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GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

NK6 Homeobox 2 Regulated Gastrokin-2 Suppresses Gastric Cancer Cell Proliferation and Invasion via Akt Signaling Pathway.
Title: NK6 Homeobox 2 Regulated Gastrokin-2 Suppresses Gastric Cancer Cell Proliferation and Invasion via Akt Signaling Pathway.
Coordinate expression loss of GKN1 and GKN2 in gastric cancer via impairment of a glucocorticoid-responsive enhancer.
Title: Coordinate expression loss of <i>GKN1</i> and <i>GKN2</i> in gastric cancer via impairment of a glucocorticoid-responsive enhancer.
Study computationally predicted and experimentally validated specific mechanisms of anticancer effects of GKN2 in gastric cancer proliferation and invasion in vitro.
Title: Multiscale network analysis reveals molecular mechanisms and key regulators of the tumor microenvironment in gastric cancer.
we demonstrated GKN2 might increase sensitivity of GC cells to the drugs which increase ROS levels in tumors. Inhibition of the interaction between GKN2 and Hsc70 could attenuate the effects induced by GKN2.
Title: GKN2 promotes oxidative stress-induced gastric cancer cell apoptosis via the Hsc70 pathway.
Co-expression of GKN2 and TFF1 massively suppressed the expression of positive cell cycle regulators and induced G1/S arrest, synergistically enhancing the inhibition of cell viability and proliferation of gastric cancer cells
Title: Heterodimeric interaction between GKN2 and TFF1 entails synergistic antiproliferative and pro-apoptotic effects on gastric cancer cells.
These findings suggested that GDDR expression was significantly associated with the progression of gastric cancer and GDDR may function as a tumor suppressor via inhibiting the epithelial-mesenchymal transition.
Title: Gastrointestinal Factor GDDR Attenuates Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Gastric Cancer via Inhibiting AKT Signal.
Our results suggested, for the first time, that the gradual change in GDDR expression might not only be directly related to H. pylori infection but also be an early molecular event in the development of gastric carcinoma.
Title: A possible role of GDDR in the development of Helicobacter pylori-associated gastric cancer.
GKN2 suppressed epithelial mesenchymal transition of gastric cancer cells by downregulation of snail through PI3K/AKT/GSK3beta signaling pathway.
Title: Gastrokine-2 suppresses epithelial mesenchymal transition through PI3K/AKT/GSK3β signaling in gastric cancer.
these results reveal an antiinflammatory role for GKN2, provide in vivo evidence that links GKN2 loss to GC pathogenesis, and suggest GKN restoration as a strategy to restrain GC progression.
Title: Loss of gastrokine-2 drives premalignant gastric inflammation and tumor progression.
the gestational age-dependent and compartment-specific expression pattern of GKN2 points to a role for placental development
Title: Trophoblast expression dynamics of the tumor suppressor gene gastrokine 2.

Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (19)

Phenotypes

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Find tests for this gene in the NIH Genetic Testing Registry (GTR)

Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

Variation

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See variants in ClinVar

See studies and variants in dbVar

See Variation Viewer (GRCh37.p13)

See Variation Viewer (GRCh38)

Interactions

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Products	Interactant	Other Gene	Complex	Source	Pubs	Description

General gene information

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Markers

G19139 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:33549

SHGC-33686 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:10333

RH92704 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:83830

Homology

Homologs of the GKN2 gene: The GKN2 gene is conserved in chimpanzee, Rhesus monkey, dog, cow, mouse, rat, and chicken.
Orthologs from Annotation Pipeline: 276 organisms have orthologs with human gene GKN2
Orthologs

Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

Function	Evidence Code	Pubs
enables protein binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed

Process	Evidence Code	Pubs
involved_in regulation of cell population proliferation	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info	PubMed
involved_in response to bacterium	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info

Component	Evidence Code	Pubs
located_in basal part of cell	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
is_active_in extracellular space	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info	PubMed

General protein information

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Preferred Names: gastrokine-2

Names: BRICHOS domain containing 1B; blottin; down-regulated in gastric cancer GDDR; trefoil factor interactions(z) 1

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

mRNA and Protein(s)

NM_182536.3 → NP_872342.2 gastrokine-2 precursor

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_872342.2

Status: REVIEWED

Source sequence(s)

AF494509

Consensus CDS

CCDS33215.1

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

Q86XP6

Related

ENSP00000329292.4, ENST00000328895.9

Conserved Domains (1) summary

smart01039
Location:54 → 150

BRICHOS; The BRICHOS domain is found in a variety of proteins implicated in dementia, respiratory distress and cancer