CHGA chromogranin A [Homo sapiens (human)] - Gene

Summary

Official Symbol: CHGAprovided by HGNC
Official Full Name: chromogranin Aprovided by HGNC
Primary source: HGNC:HGNC:1929
See related: Ensembl:ENSG00000100604 MIM:118910; Vega:OTTHUMG00000171225
Gene type: protein coding
RefSeq status: REVIEWED
Organism: Homo sapiens
Lineage: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
Also known as: CGA
Summary: The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the chromogranin/secretogranin family of neuroendocrine secretory proteins. It is found in secretory vesicles of neurons and endocrine cells. This gene product is a precursor to three biologically active peptides; vasostatin, pancreastatin, and parastatin. These peptides act as autocrine or paracrine negative modulators of the neuroendocrine system. Two other peptides, catestatin and chromofungin, have antimicrobial activity and antifungal activity, respectively. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2014]
Expression: Biased expression in adrenal (RPKM 574.1), stomach (RPKM 148.9) and 5 other tissues See more
Orthologs: mouse all

Genomic context

Location:: 14q32.12

Exon count:: 9

Annotation release	Status	Assembly	Chr	Location
109	current	GRCh38.p12 (GCF_000001405.38)	14	NC_000014.9 (92922594..92935293)
105	previous assembly	GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25)	14	NC_000014.8 (93389445..93401638)

Chromosome 14 - NC_000014.9 Genomic Context describing neighboring genes

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Go to reference sequence details

Genomic Sequence:

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Expression

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See details

Project title: HPA RNA-seq normal tissues
Description: RNA-seq was performed of tissue samples from 95 human individuals representing 27 different tissues in order to determine tissue-specificity of all protein-coding genes
BioProject: PRJEB4337
Publication: PMID 24309898
Analysis date: Wed Jun 15 11:32:44 2016

Bibliography

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GeneRIFs: Gene References Into FunctionsWhat's a GeneRIF?

Vasostatin-1 is stably overexpressed in serum of patients with ileal and pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms.
Title: Vasostatin-1: A novel circulating biomarker for ileal and pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms.
Results suggest that severe atopic dermatitis is associated with higher stress levels. Simple salivary CgA measurements may be useful as an objective assessment of patient stress.
Title: Salivary chromogranin A levels correlate with disease severity but do not reflect anxiety or personality of adult patients with atopic dermatitis.
cardiac atria express but do not secrete CgA into circulation in patients with atrial disease
Title: Chromogranin A in the mammalian heart: expression without secretion.
These results suggest that circulating full-length CgA is an important inhibitor of angiogenesis and tumor growth, and that cleavage of its C-terminal region markedly reduces its activity. Pathophysiological changes in CgA blood levels and/or its fragmentation might regulate disease progression in cancer patients.
Title: Regulation of tumor growth by circulating full-length chromogranin A.
Results show that chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) patients had increased plasma levels of chromogranin A (CgA), compared to normal subjects, particularly those >70-year-old or those treated with proton pump inhibitors.
Title: Inhibition of chronic lymphocytic leukemia progression by full-length chromogranin A and its N-terminal fragment in mouse models.
The authors show that CHGA-415 T/C polymorphism is an independent risk factor of poor prognosis in critically ill patients
Title: Correlation study on chromogranin A genetic polymorphism and prognosis of critically ill patients.
Concurrent increases in plasma BNP (B-type natriuretic peptide) and CST levels predicted the highest risk for both all-cause and cardiac deaths in chronic heart failure patients.
Title: The predictive value of plasma catestatin for all-cause and cardiac deaths in chronic heart failure patients.
Full-length CgA is an independent indicator of atherosclerotic plaques in carotid artery stenosis.
Title: Plasma levels of vasostatin-1, a chromogranin A fragment, are associated with carotid artery maximum stenosis: A pilot study.
Compared with chromogranin A, chromogranin B may be more useful during proton pump inhibitor treatment and can detect tumors without liver metastases.
Title: Utility of chromogranin B compared with chromogranin A as a biomarker in Japanese patients with pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors.
Even a single baseline measurement of CgA can be useful in establishing prognosis in this group, if this parameter exceeds its upper normal limit more than tenfold.
Title: Baseline chromogranin A and its dynamics are prognostic markers in gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors.

Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (199)

Phenotypes

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Find tests for this gene in the NIH Genetic Testing Registry (GTR)

Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

Variation

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See variants in ClinVar

See studies and variants in dbVar

See Variation Viewer (GRCh37.p13)

See Variation Viewer (GRCh38)

Pathways from BioSystems

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Antimicrobial peptides, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Antimicrobial peptides, organism-specific biosystemAntimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are small molecular weight proteins with broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity against bacteria, viruses, and fungi (Zasloff M 2002; Radek K & Gallo R 2007). The majo...
Immune System, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Immune System, organism-specific biosystemHumans are exposed to millions of potential pathogens daily, through contact, ingestion, and inhalation. Our ability to avoid infection depends on the adaptive immune system and during the first crit...
Innate Immune System, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Innate Immune System, organism-specific biosystemInnate immunity encompases the nonspecific part of immunity tha are part of an individual's natural biologic makeup

Interactions

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Products	Interactant	Other Gene	Complex	Source	Pubs	Description

General gene information

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Markers

CHGA-1 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:253962

RH11257 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:46207

STS-J03915 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:37526

STS-W32275 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:83358

CHGA (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:278198

hschga1 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:11449

RH68966 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:27883

Homology

Homologs of the CHGA gene: The CHGA gene is conserved in chimpanzee, Rhesus monkey, dog, cow, mouse, and rat.
Orthologs from Annotation Pipeline: 241 organisms have orthologs with human gene CHGA
The Hierarchical Catalog of Orthologs

Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

Process	Evidence Code	Pubs
adenylate cyclase-activating adrenergic receptor signaling pathway involved in cardiac muscle relaxation	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info	PubMed
adenylate cyclase-activating adrenergic receptor signaling pathway involved in cardiac muscle relaxation	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
antimicrobial humoral response	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info
defense response to Gram-negative bacterium	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
defense response to Gram-positive bacterium	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
defense response to fungus	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
innate immune response	NAS Non-traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
killing of cells of other organism	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
mast cell activation	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
mast cell chemotaxis	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
mast cell cytokine production	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
mast cell degranulation	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
negative regulation of blood vessel diameter	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
negative regulation of catecholamine secretion	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info	PubMed
negative regulation of catecholamine secretion	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
negative regulation of hormone secretion	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info	PubMed
negative regulation of insulin secretion	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info	PubMed
negative regulation of neuron death	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
organelle organization	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
positive regulation of cardiac muscle contraction	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
positive regulation of dense core granule biogenesis	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
positive regulation of phospholipase C-activating G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
positive regulation of relaxation of cardiac muscle	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
regulation of blood pressure	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
regulation of the force of heart contraction	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info

Component	Evidence Code	Pubs
chromaffin granule	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info	PubMed
chromaffin granule	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
extracellular region	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info
extracellular space	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info	PubMed
extracellular space	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
mast cell granule	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
perinuclear region of cytoplasm	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
secretory granule	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info	PubMed
secretory granule	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
transport vesicle membrane	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info

General protein information

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Preferred Names: chromogranin-A

Names: SP-I; betagranin (N-terminal fragment of chromogranin A); catestatin; chromofungin; parathyroid secretory protein 1; pituitary secretory protein I

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

mRNA and Protein(s)

NM_001275.3 → NP_001266.1 chromogranin-A isoform 1 preproprotein

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001266.1

Status: REVIEWED

Description

Transcript Variant: This variant (1) represents the longer transcript and encodes the longer isoform (1).

Source sequence(s)

BC001059, BC009384, BX248263, DA201149

Consensus CDS

CCDS9906.1

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

P10645

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

Q86T07

Related

ENSP00000216492.5, OTTHUMP00000245492, ENST00000216492.9, OTTHUMT00000412411

Conserved Domains (1) summary

pfam01271
Location:25 → 457

Granin; Granin (chromogranin or secretogranin)
NM_001301690.1 → NP_001288619.1 chromogranin-A isoform 2 preproprotein

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001288619.1

Status: REVIEWED

Description

Transcript Variant: This variant (2) lacks an alternate in-frame exon compared to variant 1. The resulting isoform (2) has the same N- and C-termini but is shorter compared to isoform 1.

Source sequence(s)

BC009384, BX248263, DA201149

Consensus CDS

CCDS76718.1

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

P10645

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

G5E968, Q86T07

Related

ENSP00000334023.4, OTTHUMP00000245495, ENST00000334654.4, OTTHUMT00000412414

Conserved Domains (1) summary

pfam01271
Location:116 → 306

Granin; Granin (chromogranin or secretogranin)