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Striatonigral degeneration, infantile, mitochondrial(FBSN)

MedGen UID:
374113
Concept ID:
C1839022
Disease or Syndrome
Synonyms: BILATERAL STRIATAL NECROSIS, INFANTILE, MITOCHONDRIAL; Familial bilateral striatal necrosis; FBSN
 
Monarch Initiative: MONDO:0010774
OMIM®: 500003

Clinical features

From HPO
Chorea
MedGen UID:
3420
Concept ID:
C0008489
Disease or Syndrome
Chorea (Greek for 'dance') refers to widespread arrhythmic involuntary movements of a forcible, jerky and restless fashion. It is a random-appearing sequence of one or more discrete involuntary movements or movement fragments. Movements appear random because of variability in timing, duration or location. Each movement may have a distinct start and end. However, movements may be strung together and thus may appear to flow randomly from one muscle group to another. Chorea can involve the trunk, neck, face, tongue, and extremities.
Clonus
MedGen UID:
40341
Concept ID:
C0009024
Sign or Symptom
A series of rhythmic and involuntary muscle contractions (at a frequency of about 5 to 7 Hz) that occur in response to an abruptly applied and sustained stretch.
Headache
MedGen UID:
9149
Concept ID:
C0018681
Sign or Symptom
Cephalgia, or pain sensed in various parts of the head, not confined to the area of distribution of any nerve.
Myoclonus
MedGen UID:
10234
Concept ID:
C0027066
Finding
Very brief, involuntary random muscular contractions occurring at rest, in response to sensory stimuli, or accompanying voluntary movements.
Babinski sign
MedGen UID:
19708
Concept ID:
C0034935
Finding
Upturning of the big toe (and sometimes fanning of the other toes) in response to stimulation of the sole of the foot. If the Babinski sign is present it can indicate damage to the corticospinal tract.
Incoordination
MedGen UID:
141714
Concept ID:
C0520966
Finding
Global developmental delay
MedGen UID:
107838
Concept ID:
C0557874
Finding
A delay in the achievement of motor or mental milestones in the domains of development of a child, including motor skills, speech and language, cognitive skills, and social and emotional skills. This term should only be used to describe children younger than five years of age.
Gait disturbance
MedGen UID:
107895
Concept ID:
C0575081
Finding
The term gait disturbance can refer to any disruption of the ability to walk.
Motor tics
MedGen UID:
199761
Concept ID:
C0751900
Sign or Symptom
Movement-based tics affecting discrete muscle groups.
Poor motor coordination
MedGen UID:
338471
Concept ID:
C1848453
Finding
Paroxysmal choreoathetosis
MedGen UID:
343687
Concept ID:
C1851936
Disease or Syndrome
Episodes of choreoathetosis that can occur following triggers such as quick voluntary movements.
Lingual dystonia
MedGen UID:
1377034
Concept ID:
C2242579
Sign or Symptom
Involuntary protrusions, movements, spams and contortions of the tongue.
Brisk reflexes
MedGen UID:
382164
Concept ID:
C2673700
Finding
Tendon reflexes that are noticeably more active than usual (conventionally denoted 3+ on clinical examination). Brisk reflexes may or may not indicate a neurological lesion. They are distinguished from hyperreflexia by the fact that hyerreflexia is characterized by hyperactive repeating (clonic) reflexes, which are considered to be always abnormal.
Intellectual disability
MedGen UID:
811461
Concept ID:
C3714756
Mental or Behavioral Dysfunction
Intellectual disability, previously referred to as mental retardation, is characterized by subnormal intellectual functioning that occurs during the developmental period. It is defined by an IQ score below 70.
Striatal T2 hyperintensity
MedGen UID:
1626830
Concept ID:
C4531279
Finding
Abnormally bright T2 signal from the striatum on brain magnetic resonance imaging.
Hypotonia
MedGen UID:
10133
Concept ID:
C0026827
Finding
Hypotonia is an abnormally low muscle tone (the amount of tension or resistance to movement in a muscle). Even when relaxed, muscles have a continuous and passive partial contraction which provides some resistance to passive stretching. Hypotonia thus manifests as diminished resistance to passive stretching. Hypotonia is not the same as muscle weakness, although the two conditions can co-exist.
Frequent falls
MedGen UID:
163408
Concept ID:
C0850703
Finding
Mild microcephaly
MedGen UID:
332294
Concept ID:
C1836806
Congenital Abnormality
Decreased occipito-frontal (head) circumference (OFC). For the microcephaly OFC must be between -3 SD and -2 SD compared to appropriate, age matched, normal standards (i.e. -3 SD <= OFC < -2 SD).
Ragged-red muscle fibers
MedGen UID:
477048
Concept ID:
C3275417
Finding
An abnormal appearance of muscle fibers observed on muscle biopsy. Ragged red fibers can be visualized with Gomori trichrome staining as irregular and intensely red subsarcolemmal zones, whereas the normal myofibrils are green. The margins of affect fibers appear red and ragged. The ragged-red is due to the accumulation of abnormal mitochondria below the plasma membrane of the muscle fiber, leading to the appearance of a red rim and speckled sarcoplasm.
Increased circulating lactate concentration
MedGen UID:
332209
Concept ID:
C1836440
Finding
Abnormally increased level of blood lactate (2-hydroxypropanoic acid). Lactate is produced from pyruvate by lactate dehydrogenase during normal metabolism. The terms lactate and lactic acid are often used interchangeably but lactate (the component measured in blood) is strictly a weak base whereas lactic acid is the corresponding acid. Lactic acidosis is often used clinically to describe elevated lactate but should be reserved for cases where there is a corresponding acidosis (pH below 7.35).
Facial grimacing
MedGen UID:
65891
Concept ID:
C0234853
Finding
Facial grimacing is characterized by a distorted, distressed look. The brow is more wrinkled, as is the area around the mouth. Eyes may be squeezed shut.
Ophthalmoparesis
MedGen UID:
155551
Concept ID:
C0751401
Sign or Symptom
Ophthalmoplegia is a paralysis or weakness of one or more of the muscles that control eye movement.
Decreased light- and dark-adapted electroretinogram amplitude
MedGen UID:
326793
Concept ID:
C1839025
Finding
Decreased amplitude of eletrical response upon electroretinography.

Term Hierarchy

CClinical test,  RResearch test,  OOMIM,  GGeneReviews,  VClinVar  

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Baide-Mairena H, Gaudó P, Marti-Sánchez L, Emperador S, Sánchez-Montanez A, Alonso-Luengo O, Correa M, Grau AM, Ortigoza-Escobar JD, Artuch R, Vázquez E, Del Toro M, Garrido-Pérez N, Ruiz-Pesini E, Montoya J, Bayona-Bafaluy MP, Pérez-Dueñas B
Mol Genet Metab 2019 Mar;126(3):250-258. Epub 2019 Jan 5 doi: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2019.01.001. PMID: 30642748

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