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Malocclusion, Angle class II

MedGen UID:
811364
•Concept ID:
C3714535
•
Anatomical Abnormality
Synonyms: Angle Class II; Class II, Angle; Malocclusion, Angle Class II
SNOMED CT: Malocclusion, Angle class II (109501002); Angle class II occlusion (109501002)

Definition

Malocclusion in which the mandible is posterior to the maxilla as reflected by the relationship of the first permanent molar (distoclusion). [from MeSH]

Term Hierarchy

CClinical test,  RResearch test,  OOMIM,  GGeneReviews,  VClinVar  
  • CROGVMalocclusion, Angle class II

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Management of skeletal class II malocclusion using bimaxillary skeletal anchorage supported fixed functional appliances : A novel technique.
Kochar GD, Londhe SM, Shivpuri A, Chopra SS, Mitra R, Verma M
J Orofac Orthop 2021 Jan;82(1):42-53. Epub 2020 Jun 23 doi: 10.1007/s00056-020-00239-1. PMID: 32577768
Class II functional orthopaedic treatment: a systematic review of systematic reviews.
D'Antò V, Bucci R, Franchi L, Rongo R, Michelotti A, Martina R
J Oral Rehabil 2015 Aug;42(8):624-42. Epub 2015 Mar 31 doi: 10.1111/joor.12295. PMID: 25824331
Class II malocclusion treatment using high-pull headgear with a splint: a systematic review.
Jacob HB, Buschang PH, dos Santos-Pinto A
Dental Press J Orthod 2013 Mar 15;18(2):21.e1-7. doi: 10.1590/s2176-94512013000200009. PMID: 23916449

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Predictability of anterior open bite treatment with Invisalign.
Blundell HL, Weir T, Byrne G
Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2023 Nov;164(5):674-681. Epub 2023 Jun 16 doi: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2023.04.017. PMID: 37330726
Stability of Class II malocclusion treatment with Class II elastics.
Janson G, Niederberger ALG, Janson G, Valerio MV, Caldas W, Valarelli FP
Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2023 May;163(5):609-617. Epub 2023 Feb 11 doi: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2021.10.017. PMID: 36775752
A comparative study between the effect of reverse curve of Spee archwires and anterior bite turbos in the treatment of deep overbite cases.
Al-Zoubi EM, Al-Nimri KS
Angle Orthod 2022 Jan 1;92(1):36-44. doi: 10.2319/020921-117.1. PMID: 34329389Free PMC Article
Correlation between skeletal Class II and temporomandibular joint disorders: a literature review.
Farronato G, Rosso G, Giannini L, Galbiati G, Maspero C
Minerva Stomatol 2016 Aug;65(4):239-47. Epub 2016 Mar 3 PMID: 26938175
Etiology of malocclusion.
King DL
Birth Defects Orig Artic Ser 1983;19(1):83-94. PMID: 6362743

Diagnosis

Timing of early correction of mandibular hypoplasia in skeletal class II malocclusion: a review.
Huo B, Che X, Li X
J Clin Pediatr Dent 2023 Nov;47(6):11-20. Epub 2023 Nov 3 doi: 10.22514/jocpd.2023.077. PMID: 37997230
Association between malocclusion and articulation of phonemes in early childhood.
Amr-Rey O, Sánchez-Delgado P, Salvador-Palmer R, Cibrián R, Paredes-Gallardo V
Angle Orthod 2022 Jul 1;92(4):505-511. doi: 10.2319/043021-342.1. PMID: 35275982Free PMC Article
Dental anomalies in different growth and skeletal malocclusion patterns.
Fernandez CCA, Pereira CVCA, Luiz RR, Vieira AR, De Castro Costa M
Angle Orthod 2018 Mar;88(2):195-201. Epub 2017 Dec 7 doi: 10.2319/071917-482.1. PMID: 29215300Free PMC Article
Diagnosis and conservative treatment of skeletal Class III malocclusion with anterior crossbite and asymmetric maxillary crowding.
Tseng LL, Chang CH, Roberts WE
Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2016 Apr;149(4):555-66. doi: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2015.04.042. PMID: 27021460
Three-dimensional diagnosis and management of Class II malocclusion in the mixed dentition.
McNamara JA Jr, Peterson JE Jr, Alexander RG
Semin Orthod 1996 Jun;2(2):114-37. doi: 10.1016/s1073-8746(96)80048-x. PMID: 9161275

Therapy

Efficiency of maxillary total arch distalization using temporary anchorage devices (TADs) for treatment of Class II-malocclusions: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Raghis TR, Alsulaiman TMA, Mahmoud G, Youssef M
Int Orthod 2022 Sep;20(3):100666. Epub 2022 Jul 22 doi: 10.1016/j.ortho.2022.100666. PMID: 35871982
A comparative study between the effect of reverse curve of Spee archwires and anterior bite turbos in the treatment of deep overbite cases.
Al-Zoubi EM, Al-Nimri KS
Angle Orthod 2022 Jan 1;92(1):36-44. doi: 10.2319/020921-117.1. PMID: 34329389Free PMC Article
Frankel 2 appliance versus the Modified Twin Block appliance for Phase 1 treatment of Class II division 1 malocclusion in children and adolescents: A randomized clinical trial.
Campbell C, Millett D, Kelly N, Cooke M, Cronin M
Angle Orthod 2020 Mar;90(2):202-208. Epub 2019 Oct 15 doi: 10.2319/042419-290.1. PMID: 31613144Free PMC Article
Orthodontic treatment for prominent upper front teeth (Class II malocclusion) in children and adolescents.
Batista KB, Thiruvenkatachari B, Harrison JE, O'Brien KD
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2018 Mar 13;3(3):CD003452. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD003452.pub4. PMID: 29534303Free PMC Article
Effectiveness of early orthodontic treatment with the Twin-block appliance: a multicenter, randomized, controlled trial. Part 1: Dental and skeletal effects.
O'Brien K, Wright J, Conboy F, Sanjie Y, Mandall N, Chadwick S, Connolly I, Cook P, Birnie D, Hammond M, Harradine N, Lewis D, McDade C, Mitchell L, Murray A, O'Neill J, Read M, Robinson S, Roberts-Harry D, Sandler J, Shaw I
Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2003 Sep;124(3):234-43; quiz 339. doi: 10.1016/S0889540603003524. PMID: 12970656

Prognosis

Relapse in class II orthognathic surgery: a systematic review.
Eckmüller S, Paddenberg E, Hiller KA, Proff P, Knüttel H, Kirschneck C
BMC Oral Health 2022 Dec 15;22(1):605. doi: 10.1186/s12903-022-02636-x. PMID: 36517840Free PMC Article
Bimaxillary surgery to correct high-angle class II malocclusion: does a simultaneous genioplasty affect long-term stability?
Torgersbråten N, Stenvik A, Espeland L
Eur J Orthod 2020 Sep 11;42(4):426-433. doi: 10.1093/ejo/cjz055. PMID: 31369666
Stability of class II subdivision malocclusion treatment with 3 and 4 premolar extractions.
Janson G, Araki J, Estelita S, Camardella LT
Prog Orthod 2014 Dec 30;15(1):67. doi: 10.1186/s40510-014-0067-4. PMID: 25547371Free PMC Article
Relapse revisited--again.
Dyer KC, Vaden JL, Harris EF
Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2012 Aug;142(2):221-7. doi: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2012.03.030. PMID: 22858332
Class II/2 malocclusion: early treatment with removable appliances and stability after 20 years.
Ferrazzini G
Schweiz Monatsschr Zahnmed 2008;118(9):814-9. PMID: 18846975

Clinical prediction guides

Predictability of anterior open bite treatment with Invisalign.
Blundell HL, Weir T, Byrne G
Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2023 Nov;164(5):674-681. Epub 2023 Jun 16 doi: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2023.04.017. PMID: 37330726
Root resorption in Class II malocclusion treatment with and without maxillary premolar extractions.
Aliaga-Del Castillo A, Silva AOD, Maranhão OBV, Barros SE, Niederberger A, Bellini-Pereira SA, Garib D, Janson G
Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2023 Mar;163(3):389-397. Epub 2022 Dec 5 doi: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2021.12.024. PMID: 36476368
Class II malocclusion correction with Invisalign: Is it possible?
Patterson BD, Foley PF, Ueno H, Mason SA, Schneider PP, Kim KB
Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2021 Jan;159(1):e41-e48. Epub 2020 Nov 19 doi: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2020.08.016. PMID: 33223374
The Class II Carriere Motion appliance.
Areepong D, Kim KB, Oliver DR, Ueno H
Angle Orthod 2020 Jul 1;90(4):491-499. doi: 10.2319/080919-523.1. PMID: 33378493Free PMC Article
Diagnosis and conservative treatment of skeletal Class III malocclusion with anterior crossbite and asymmetric maxillary crowding.
Tseng LL, Chang CH, Roberts WE
Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2016 Apr;149(4):555-66. doi: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2015.04.042. PMID: 27021460

Recent systematic reviews

Orthodontic camouflage versus orthodontic-orthognathic surgical treatment in borderline class III malocclusion: a systematic review.
Alhammadi MS, Almashraqi AA, Khadhi AH, Arishi KA, Alamir AA, Beleges EM, Halboub E
Clin Oral Investig 2022 Nov;26(11):6443-6455. Epub 2022 Sep 13 doi: 10.1007/s00784-022-04685-6. PMID: 36098813Free PMC Article
Prevalence of Orthodontic Malocclusions in Healthy Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review.
De Ridder L, Aleksieva A, Willems G, Declerck D, Cadenas de Llano-Pérula M
Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022 Jun 17;19(12) doi: 10.3390/ijerph19127446. PMID: 35742703Free PMC Article
Global distribution of malocclusion traits: A systematic review.
Alhammadi MS, Halboub E, Fayed MS, Labib A, El-Saaidi C
Dental Press J Orthod 2018 Nov-Dec;23(6):40.e1-40.e10. doi: 10.1590/2177-6709.23.6.40.e1-10.onl. PMID: 30672991Free PMC Article
Orthodontic treatment for prominent upper front teeth (Class II malocclusion) in children and adolescents.
Batista KB, Thiruvenkatachari B, Harrison JE, O'Brien KD
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2018 Mar 13;3(3):CD003452. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD003452.pub4. PMID: 29534303Free PMC Article
Correction of Class II malocclusion with Class II elastics: a systematic review.
Janson G, Sathler R, Fernandes TM, Branco NC, Freitas MR
Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2013 Mar;143(3):383-92. doi: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2012.10.015. PMID: 23452973

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