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A. Bilateral (L = left, R = right hemispheres) EEG traces from a freely moving GAT-1 knockout (KO) mouse showing spontaneous SWDs (spectrogram of the R trace is illustrated below). B. Bilateral EEG traces from a normal Wistar rat following intra-thalamic administration by reverse microdialysis of 200μM of the selective GAT-1 blocker NO711 (spectrogram of the L trace is illustrated below). C. Bilateral EEG traces from a normal Wistar rat following intra-thalamic administration by reverse microdialysis of 100μM THIP (spectrogram of the R trace is illustrated below). D. Time-course of the induction of SWDs by intra-thalamic administration of NO711. E. SWDs are substantially reduced in GAERS 1 and 2 days following a single intrathalamic injection of a small and large dose of a δ-subunit antisense oligodeoxynucleotide (Anti-1 and Anti-2, respectively), but not of a missense oligo (Mis). F. Summary histograms showing the cumulative (over 1–2 hours) time spent in seizures for different transgenic and pharmacological mice and rat models, and the abolition of their SWDs by systemic administration of ethosuximide (100 or 200 mg/kg/ip). * p<0.05, ** p<0.01 and ***p<0.001. (A-F: reproduced with permission from Cope et al., 2009, © Nature Publishing Group).