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    PCDHA2 protocadherin alpha 2 [ Homo sapiens (human) ]

    Gene ID: 56146, updated on 11-Apr-2024

    Summary

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    Official Symbol
    PCDHA2provided by HGNC
    Official Full Name
    protocadherin alpha 2provided by HGNC
    Primary source
    HGNC:HGNC:8668
    See related
    Ensembl:ENSG00000204969 MIM:606308; AllianceGenome:HGNC:8668
    Gene type
    protein coding
    RefSeq status
    REVIEWED
    Organism
    Homo sapiens
    Lineage
    Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
    Also known as
    PCDH-ALPHA2
    Summary
    This gene is a member of the protocadherin alpha gene cluster, one of three related gene clusters tandemly linked on chromosome five that demonstrate an unusual genomic organization similar to that of B-cell and T-cell receptor gene clusters. The alpha gene cluster is composed of 15 cadherin superfamily genes related to the mouse CNR genes and consists of 13 highly similar and 2 more distantly related coding sequences. The tandem array of 15 N-terminal exons, or variable exons, are followed by downstream C-terminal exons, or constant exons, which are shared by all genes in the cluster. The large, uninterrupted N-terminal exons each encode six cadherin ectodomains while the C-terminal exons encode the cytoplasmic domain. These neural cadherin-like cell adhesion proteins are integral plasma membrane proteins that most likely play a critical role in the establishment and function of specific cell-cell connections in the brain. Alternative splicing has been observed and additional variants have been suggested but their full-length nature has yet to be determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
    Orthologs
    mouse all
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    Genomic context

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    Location:
    5q31.3
    Exon count:
    5
    Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
    RS_2023_10 current GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40) 5 NC_000005.10 (140794852..141012347)
    RS_2023_10 current T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1) 5 NC_060929.1 (141320185..141537634)
    105.20220307 previous assembly GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25) 5 NC_000005.9 (140174437..140391932)

    Chromosome 5 - NC_000005.10Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC105378198 Neighboring gene Sharpr-MPRA regulatory region 6103 Neighboring gene vault RNA 1-3 Neighboring gene ZFP14 zinc finger protein pseudogene Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC124901089 Neighboring gene protocadherin alpha cluster, complex locus Neighboring gene protocadherin alpha 1 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr5:140215147-140215794 Neighboring gene protocadherin alpha 3 Neighboring gene protocadherin alpha 4 Neighboring gene protocadherin alpha 5 Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC112267934 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr5:140249655-140250330 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr5:140250331-140251004 Neighboring gene protocadherin alpha 6 Neighboring gene protocadherin alpha 7 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr5:140263344-140263928 Neighboring gene protocadherin alpha 8 Neighboring gene protocadherin alpha 9 Neighboring gene protocadherin alpha 10 Neighboring gene protocadherin alpha 14 (pseudogene) Neighboring gene protocadherin alpha 11 Neighboring gene protocadherin alpha 12 Neighboring gene protocadherin alpha 13 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr5:140306467-140307024 Neighboring gene NANOG hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr5:140307586-140308097 Neighboring gene protocadherin alpha subfamily C, 1 Neighboring gene NANOG-H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr5:140380918-140381512 Neighboring gene OCT4-NANOG-H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr5:140381513-140382106 Neighboring gene OCT4-NANOG-H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr5:140382107-140382700 Neighboring gene protocadherin alpha subfamily C, 2 Neighboring gene OCT4-NANOG-H3K27ac hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr5:140383889-140384481 Neighboring gene protocadherin alpha constant Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC124901090 Neighboring gene VISTA enhancer hs2610 Neighboring gene NANOG-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr5:140430540-140431368 Neighboring gene PCDHB1 antisense RNA 1 Neighboring gene protocadherin beta 1 Neighboring gene protocadherin beta cluster

    Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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    Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

    Expression

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    • Project title: HPA RNA-seq normal tissues
    • Description: RNA-seq was performed of tissue samples from 95 human individuals representing 27 different tissues in order to determine tissue-specificity of all protein-coding genes
    • BioProject: PRJEB4337
    • Publication: PMID 24309898
    • Analysis date: Wed Apr 4 07:08:55 2018

    Bibliography

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    Related articles in PubMed

    1. Genomic organization of the family of CNR cadherin genes in mice and humans. Sugino H, et al. Genomics, 2000 Jan 1. PMID 10662547
    2. The DNA sequence and comparative analysis of human chromosome 5. Schmutz J, et al. Nature, 2004 Sep 16. PMID 15372022
    3. Phylogenetic analysis of the cadherin superfamily allows identification of six major subfamilies besides several solitary members. Nollet F, et al. J Mol Biol, 2000 Jun 9. PMID 10835267
    4. Cadherin superfamily genes: functions, genomic organization, and neurologic diversity. Yagi T, et al. Genes Dev, 2000 May 15. PMID 10817752
    5. A Genome-Wide CRISPR Screen Identifies Genes Critical for Resistance to FLT3 Inhibitor AC220. Hou P, et al. Cancer Res, 2017 Aug 15. PMID 28625976, Free PMC Article

    See all (18) citations in PubMed

    GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

    What's a GeneRIF?
    1. Provides evidence for a 22 aa signal peptide.
      Title: Exploring proteomes and analyzing protein processing by mass spectrometric identification of sorted N-terminal peptides.
    Submit: New GeneRIF Correction

    Phenotypes

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    Find tests for this gene in the NIH Genetic Testing Registry (GTR)

    Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

    EBI GWAS Catalog

    Description
    Genome-wide association for abdominal subcutaneous and visceral adipose reveals a novel locus for visceral fat in women.
    EBI GWAS Catalog

    Variation

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    See variants in ClinVar

    See studies and variants in dbVar

    See Variation Viewer (GRCh37.p13)

    See Variation Viewer (GRCh38)

    Genotypes

    HIV-1 interactions

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    Replication interactions

    Interaction Pubs
    Knockdown of protocadherin alpha 2 (PCDHA2) by siRNA inhibits HIV-1 replication in HeLa P4/R5 cells PubMed

    Go to the HIV-1, Human Interaction Database

    Interactions

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    Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

    General gene information

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    Markers

    Homology

    Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

    Function Evidence Code Pubs
    enables calcium ion binding IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    Process Evidence Code Pubs
    involved_in cell adhesion IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    involved_in homophilic cell adhesion via plasma membrane adhesion molecules IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    involved_in nervous system development IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    Component Evidence Code Pubs
    located_in endoplasmic reticulum IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    located_in nucleus IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    is_active_in plasma membrane IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    located_in plasma membrane IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  

    General protein information

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    Preferred Names
    protocadherin alpha-2
    Names
    KIAA0345-like 12

    NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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    RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

    These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

    These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

    Genomic

    1. NG_050677.1 RefSeqGene

      Range
      4994..222489
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    2. NG_000016.2 

      Range
      60732..278218
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. NM_018905.3 → NP_061728.1  protocadherin alpha-2 isoform 1 precursor

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_061728.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (1) includes the constant region exons and encodes the longest isoform (1).
      Source sequence(s)
      AC005609, AC010223, AF152310, BC003126
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS54914.1
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      O75287, Q9BTV3, Q9Y5H9
      Related
      ENSP00000431748.1, ENST00000526136.2
      Conserved Domains (3) summary
      cd11304
      Location:246 → 346
      Cadherin_repeat; Cadherin tandem repeat domain
      pfam08266
      Location:30 → 111
      Cadherin_2; Cadherin-like
      pfam15974
      Location:797 → 940
      Cadherin_tail; Cadherin C-terminal cytoplasmic tail, catenin-binding region

    2. NM_031495.2 → NP_113683.1  protocadherin alpha-2 isoform 2 precursor

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_113683.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (2) utilizes the large, first exon then continues into the downstream intron 1 sequence before terminating. This one-exon transcript encodes a shorter isoform (2), compared to isoform 1. This short variant is represented based on data in PMID:10380929.
      Source sequence(s)
      AC005609, AF152480, BC003126
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      Q9Y5H9
      Related
      ENSP00000367372.1, ENST00000378132.2
      Conserved Domains (2) summary
      cd11304
      Location:246 → 346
      Cadherin_repeat; Cadherin tandem repeat domain
      pfam08266
      Location:30 → 111
      Cadherin_2; Cadherin-like

    3. NM_031496.2 → NP_113684.1  protocadherin alpha-2 isoform 3 precursor

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_113684.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (3) splices the large, first exon into a unique exon contained within the intron between PCDHA3 and PCDHA4. The resulting isoform (3) has a shorter and distinct C-terminus compared to isoform 1.
      Source sequence(s)
      AC005609, BC003126
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS64269.1
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      Q9Y5H9
      Related
      ENSP00000430584.2, ENST00000520672.2
      Conserved Domains (2) summary
      cd11304
      Location:246 → 346
      Cadherin_repeat; Cadherin tandem repeat domain
      pfam08266
      Location:30 → 111
      Cadherin_2; Cadherin-like

    RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001405.40-RS_2023_10

    The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

    Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

    Genomic

    1. NC_000005.10 Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

      Range
      140794852..141012347
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    Reference GRCh38.p14 PATCHES

    Genomic

    1. NW_025791778.1 Reference GRCh38.p14 PATCHES

      Range
      30028..247523
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

    Genomic

    1. NC_060929.1 Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

      Range
      141320185..141537634
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)
    Nucleotide Protein
    Heading Accession and Version
    Protein Accession Links
    GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
    Q9Y5H9.1 GenPept UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:Q9Y5H9

    Gene LinkOut

    The following LinkOut resources are supplied by external providers. These providers are responsible for maintaining the links.

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