GALP galanin like peptide [Homo sapiens (human)] - Gene

Summary

Official Symbol: GALPprovided by HGNC
Official Full Name: galanin like peptideprovided by HGNC
Primary source: HGNC:HGNC:24840
See related: Ensembl:ENSG00000197487 MIM:611178; AllianceGenome:HGNC:24840
Gene type: protein coding
RefSeq status: REVIEWED
Organism: Homo sapiens
Lineage: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
Also known as: GAL
Summary: This gene encodes a member of the galanin family of neuropeptides. The encoded protein binds galanin receptors 1, 2 and 3 with the highest affinity for galanin receptor 3 and has been implicated in biological processes involving the central nervous system including hypothalamic regulation of metabolism and reproduction. A peptide encoded by a splice variant of this gene, termed alarin, has vasoactive properties, displays antimicrobial activity against E. coli, and may serve as a marker for neuroblastic tumors.[provided by RefSeq, Nov 2014]
Expression: Low expression observed in reference dataset See more
Orthologs: mouse all
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Genomic context

Location:: 19q13.43

Exon count:: 6

Annotation release	Status	Assembly	Chr	Location
RS_2023_10	current	GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40)	19	NC_000019.10 (56176008..56185775)
RS_2023_10	current	T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1)	19	NC_060943.1 (59274899..59284560)
105.20220307	previous assembly	GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25)	19	NC_000019.9 (56687377..56697144)

Chromosome 19 - NC_000019.10 Genomic Context describing neighboring genes

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Go to reference sequence details

Genomic Sequence:

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Expression

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See details

Project title: HPA RNA-seq normal tissues
Description: RNA-seq was performed of tissue samples from 95 human individuals representing 27 different tissues in order to determine tissue-specificity of all protein-coding genes
BioProject: PRJEB4337
Publication: PMID 24309898
Analysis date: Wed Apr 4 07:08:55 2018

Bibliography

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GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

Galanin-like peptide and its correlation with androgen levels in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome.
Title: Galanin-like peptide and its correlation with androgen levels in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome.
Plasma and aqueous levels of alarin and adipsin in patients with and without diabetic retinopathy.
Title: Plasma and aqueous levels of alarin and adipsin ın patients with and without diabetic retinopathy.
Alarin: A new predictive marker in infertile women with polycystic ovary syndrome: A case-control study.
Title: Alarin: A new predictive marker in infertile women with polycystic ovary syndrome: A case-control study.
alarin in different human intestinal epithelial cell types
Title: Alarin in different human intestinal epithelial cell types.
The present study provides the evidence that circulating Alarin levels are associated with metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance.
Title: High Circulating Alarin Levels Are Associated with Presence of Metabolic Syndrome.
results indicated that obese individuals have higher plasma GAL and GALP concentrations and both peptide concentrations were positively correlative to triglyceride concentrations in obese human
Title: Circulating galanin and galanin like peptide concentrations are correlated with increased triglyceride concentration in obese patients.
One isoform (alarin) of this gene but not the other (galanin-like peptide) displays antimicrobial activity against E. coli.
Title: Alarin but not its alternative-splicing form, GALP (Galanin-like peptide) has antimicrobial activity.
Observational study of gene-disease association. (HuGE Navigator)
Title: Intermediate phenotypes identify divergent pathways to Alzheimer's disease.
reports immunostaining of human GALP in the dermal microvasculature.
Title: Alarin is a vasoactive peptide.
describes cloning of the full-length human GALP
Title: Isolation and cDNA cloning of a novel galanin-like peptide (GALP) from porcine hypothalamus.

Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (13)

Phenotypes

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Find tests for this gene in the NIH Genetic Testing Registry (GTR)

Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

Variation

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See variants in ClinVar

See studies and variants in dbVar

See Variation Viewer (GRCh37.p13)

See Variation Viewer (GRCh38)

Interactions

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Products	Interactant	Other Gene	Complex	Source	Pubs	Description

General gene information

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Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

Function	Evidence Code	Pubs
enables hormone activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables protein binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed

Process	Evidence Code	Pubs
involved_in antimicrobial humoral immune response mediated by antimicrobial peptide	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in behavioral response to starvation	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in biological_process	ND No biological Data available more info
involved_in defense response to Gram-negative bacterium	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in neuropeptide signaling pathway	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in regulation of appetite	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in response to insulin	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info

Component	Evidence Code	Pubs
is_active_in cellular_component	ND No biological Data available more info
located_in extracellular region	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info

General protein information

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Preferred Names: galanin-like peptide

Names: alarin; gal-like peptide

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

Genomic

NG_029931.2 RefSeqGene

Range

4989..14756

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GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

NM_001145546.2 → NP_001139018.1 galanin-like peptide isoform 2 precursor

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001139018.1

Status: REVIEWED

Description

Transcript Variant: This variant (2) lacks an exon in the coding region, which results in a frameshift and an early stop codon compared to variant 1. The encoded isoform (2) has a distinct and shorter C-terminus compared to isoform 1. This variant, termed alarin, is a candidate for nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) but is being represented as protein-coding based on evidence supporting the transcript and protein described in PMID 16954604. The exon structure of this variant is based on Figure 1 from PMID 16954604.

Source sequence(s)

AC024580, AF188493

Consensus CDS

CCDS46202.1

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

Q9UBC7

Related

ENSP00000411521.1, ENST00000440823.1
NM_033106.4 → NP_149097.1 galanin-like peptide isoform 1 precursor

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_149097.1

Status: REVIEWED

Description

Transcript Variant: This variant (1) represents the longer transcript and encodes the longer isoform (1).

Source sequence(s)

AC024580, AF188493

Consensus CDS

CCDS12940.1

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

A1KXL3, Q9UBC7

Related

ENSP00000349884.2, ENST00000357330.7

Conserved Domains (1) summary

pfam01296
Location:33 → 45

Galanin; Galanin