PMC

Estimated resource expenditure for cell manufacturing by the manual operation system, C_manu. (A) Running costs in C_manu. (B) Sum of running costs and upkeep costs in C_manu. (C) C_manu which is the sum of running costs, upkeep costs and initial costs.

Estimated resource expenditure for cell manufacturing by the robotic operation system, C_robo. (A) Running costs in C_robo. (B) Sum of running costs and upkeep costs in C_robo. (C) C_robo which is the sum of running costs, upkeep costs and initial costs.

Anticipated best and worst streets of the 16 streets in each sorting task. A: The anticipated best street for walking for transport in sorting task A with an even sidewalk, no traffic, good upkeep, and vegetation. B: The anticipated worst street for walking for transport in sorting task A with an uneven sidewalk, traffic, bad upkeep, and no vegetation. C: The anticipated best street for walking for transport in sorting task B with an even sidewalk, no traffic, benches present, and sidewalk separated from traffic by a hedge. B: The anticipated worst street for walking for transport in sorting task B with an uneven sidewalk, traffic present, no benches, and no separation from traffic.

(A) The moderating role of switching costs (H3: Upkeep). (B) The moderating role of switching costs (H3: Time). (C) The moderating role of switching costs (H3: Benefit). (D) The moderating role of switching costs (H3: Personal loss).

(A) The moderating role of hedonic/utilitarianmotivations (H5: Upkeep). (B) The moderating role of hedonic/utilitarian motivations (H6: Benefit). (C) The moderating role of hedonic/utilitarian motivations (H7: Time). (D) The moderating role of hedonic/utilitarian motivations (H8: Personal loss).

Interaction effect of ‘cycle path evenness’ and ‘general upkeep’ on the invitingness-score (sorting task A).

Structure of unwounded, young skin and aged skin. Keratinocytes display a loss of function, proliferating, and migrating at lesser rates than those found in younger, healthy skin. The epidermis in aged skin thus lacks the same cellular upkeep found in young skin. Aged skin displays a significantly thinner dermal-epidermal junction, making aged skin more susceptible to shearing forces and injury. The dermis of aged skin is characterized by lesser organization of ECM components, making it less stable and sturdy than the dermis in young skin. ECM, extracellular matrix. Color images are available online.

Workflow assessment (from A3 Strategy). Our team illustrated the workflow surrounding patient care and medical records upkeep in the medical file throughout a patient’s hematology/oncology care to facilitate visualization and discussion of changes in workflow needed to support the introduction of a pediatric cancer registry. Chemo, chemotherapy; MAR, medication administration record; MD, doctor of medicine [physician]; RN, registered nurse; Rx, prescription.

Involvement of LOAD risk factors at the BBB. Transport of Aβ through endothelial transcytosis is PICALM-dependent and a major pathway for clearing Aβ from the brain. Aβ-bound ApoE and free Aβ bind the low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1) that associates with PICALM during transcytosis. CD2AP contributes in the upkeep of BBB integrity through a process hypothesized to involve its binding-partner Rac1. Endothelial CD2AP further interacts with VCAM (CD106) and ICAM-1 (CD54), affecting immune cell extravasation

Estimates of C stored in in-use pools over one of the 150 year simulations: single family homes (SFH), multi-family homes (MFH), commercial buildings (CB), furniture and manufactured products (MNF), residential upkeep and moveable homes (UMV), shipping (SHP), other wood products (OTR), and paper (PAP).a) Annual C stocks in all in-use pools. Note that harvest and therefore input to these pools occurred from 1965 to 2065 only to demonstrate the different rates of loss after 2065. b) The decline of C stored in-use that originated from the 1965 harvest only.

The flowchart shows a typical workflow for digital pathology research. Histologic primitives (e.g. nuclei, lymphocytes, mitosis, etc.,) are identified, after which biologically relevant features are extracted for subsequent use in higher order research directives. Typically, the tasks in the red box are undertaken by the development and upkeep of individual task specific approaches. The premise of this tutorial is that these tasks can be performed by a single generic deep learning approach, which can be easily maintained and extended upon

Functions of normal mitochondria vs. effects on mitochondria in the presence of SARS-CoV-2. Normal mitochondria have a balance on fission and fusion, produce ROS only in quantities necessary, have balanced iron storage, and use mitophagy to upkeep functional mitochondria and protect the cell against damage. In the presence of SARS-CoV-2, mitochondria may have increased fusion (Shi et al., ; Zhang et al., ), an excess of ROS production (Kuka et al., ; Kang et al., ), too much iron in storage (Saleh et al., ), and impaired mitophagy that leads to platelet apoptosis (Lee et al., ; Tang et al., ). SARS-CoV-2 affects mitochondria may also serve as a source of double-membraned vesicles for the virus to travel in (Singh et al., ).

(A) Recorded V_m of a randomly chosen single cell whose period of increased tendency for being suprathreshold coincided with its brief engagement within an attractor. The red dotted line represents the membrane voltage threshold V_t for reference, and the shaded area represents a detected attractor state that is reproduced in B-D. (B) The same cell’s net NMDA current, which combined positive and negative afferent BCPNN weights. (C) The same cell’s net AMPA current, which combined positive and negative afferent BCPNN weights. (D) The same cell’s GABA current originating from local basket cell inhibition.

A model depicting the dual/mixed roles of signaling molecules/pathways involved in the maintenance/upkeep and/or reversal of HIV latency. Some of these molecules/pathways show effects in both reversion and/or upkeep, depending on the upstream/downstream molecules involved and compounds, agents, and molecules used during cell culture/stimulation conditions. Targeting these regulatory molecules/pathways with various agents, drugs, vaccines, or antibodies may lead to new therapeutics for viral reactivation and latency reversal, or perhaps even upkeep/maintenance. In addition, manipulating these individual effectors at the genetic or epigenetic level may also affect either latency reversal or maintenance. Components associated with effector protein family or signaling cascades such as JAK/STAT and TOX can play dual roles. Understanding the roles of these effectors, as well as their working conditions, may facilitate targeting those molecules/pathways to cure HIV.

Butyrophilins as members of the B7 family. Left: A comparison of structures of extracellular domains of programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1: yellow) and Butyrophilin 3A1 (BTN3A1: blue). Shown is an overlay of the tertiary structure of both proteins. Differences of the C-domains of both molecules result mainly from a twist in the orientation of V- and C-Ig domains. In an exclusive overlay of V domain alone, similarities in the Ig-V domains would be even more pronounced. Picture is modified from (). Right: Schematic representation of human BTN/BTNL family members and mouse Skint1. The protein domains are exemplified for BTN3A1. ERMAP (Erythroblast membrane-associated protein), MOG (Myelin-Oligodendrocyte glycoprotein). Skint 1 (Selection and upkeep of intraepithelial T-cells 1). The indicated Stop codon inactivates the Skint1 function in the DETC deficient FVB/N-Tac mouse strain ().

A model of mental-physical health crosstalk. One’s mindset may determine the decisions that ultimately affect their health. Interpreting the biological consequences of lifestyle choices in terms of aging has become relatively easy thanks to a wide variety of aging clocks. The psychological drivers behind these choices, however, are poorly understood. For example, it remains unknown how agreeableness or feeling fragile affects mitochondrial upkeep and DNA methylation profiles. The feedback loops that go from molecular level aging biomarkers back to psychological traits are yet another gap in our understanding of aging mechanisms. Deep psychological clocks may help us bridge this gap and bring psychology into the domain of biogerontological studies.

The maturation and migration of dendritic epidermal T cells (DETCs). In the thymus, γδT cells arise from a common CD4⁻ CD8⁻ double-negative (DN) progenitor. During the process of DETC maturation, CD25 expression increases and CD24 expression decreases. After T cell receptor (TCR) rearrangement, DETCs become the first wave to be produced. Positive selection adjusted by selection and upkeep of intraepithelial T cells 1 (Skint-1) determines the maturation of DETC precursors in the foetal thymus and the expression of skin-homing receptors. Homing receptors including CCR10, CCR4, G protein-coupled receptor-15 (GPR15) and E/P-selectin ligands mediate the homing of DETCs. DETCs are finally implanted in the epidermis and constantly replenished without supplement from bone marrow. S1PR1 sphingosine l-phosphate receptor 1

The Effect of Incentives on Willingness to Co‐produce at the Minimum, Median, and Maximum Level of Neighborhood Attachment

The Effect of Incentives on Willingness to Co‐produce at the Minimum, Median, and Maximum Level of Ethnic Diversity

In the resting heart, cardiac homeostasis involves cross-talk between fibroblasts and resident immune cells that facilitate myocardial upkeep through secretion of growth factors and baseline extracellular matrix (ECM) turnover. Stress sensed by the heart results in fibroblast responses that involve their transformation into myofibroblasts, and their ability to release inflammatory mediators such as cytokines and chemokines that attract immune cells from the periphery, actively participating this way in the immune response. These early fibroblast and immune cell actions are somehow interdependent, and when sustained over time, result in ongoing fibrosis and inflammation, with secondary waves of immune cells and continuous fibroblast transformation, processes in which immune cells and fibroblasts influence each other’s function. Cardiac fibrosis and cardiac inflammation ultimately result in cardiac dysfunction.