PMC

The relationship between the AHR pathway and the HIF1A pathway. Both pathways share ARNT and HSP90AA1 as key regulators

Pedigree of test matings of Irish wolfhounds with intrahepatic shunt. An affected male was mated with two affected sisters. Squares represent males, circles represent females. Solid symbols are affected dogs and open symbols represent unaffected pups. Pups with uncertain phenotypes are filled gray (reprinted with permission from John Wiley and Sons; van Steenbeek et al. )

Pedigree of test matings with Cairn terriers with extrahepatic shunt. An affected female (#9) was used three times, with her unaffected father (#1), with her affected son (#21), and with an unrelated affected male (#10). Squares represent males, circles represent females. Solid symbols are affected dogs and open symbols are healthy dogs (reprinted with permission from John Wiley and Sons; van Straten et al. )

Overview of the anatomy of a normal liver and of livers with intra- and extrahepatic portosystemic shunts. a No connection of blood vessels in the liver is seen within a normal liver resulting in a blood flow through the hepatic sinusoids. b In case of PSS, blood bypasses the liver sinusoids and is therefore not subjected to hepatic metabolism. The intrahepatic shunt represents an abnormal connection of the portal vein with the systemic circulation, which is seen inside the liver. c In the case of an extrahepatic shunt, the aberrant connection is located outside the liver