PMC

Venn diagram describing the frequency of reported allergic rhinitis, nasal blockage and/or rhinorrhea in the non-asthma, fewer-symptom asthma and multi-symptom asthma groups. The diagram illustrates that more subjects in the multi-symptom asthma group have multiple nasal symptoms.

Prevalence of the number of chronic rhinosinusitis symptoms in individuals with no asthma, fewer-symptom asthma, and multi-symptom asthma. There was a higher frequency of multiple chronic rhinosinusitis symptoms in individuals with multi-symptom asthma.

Odds ratio of having multi-symptom asthma in subjects with reported allergic rhinitis, nasal blockage or rhinorrhea (error bars show 95% confidence intervals). Both nasal blockage and rhinorrhea increase the risk of having multi-symptom asthma, however, the presence of allergic rhinitis alone is not a risk factor for multi-symptom asthma.

Prevalence of waking up with tight chest, shortness of breath or cough, during the last 12 months, in the non-asthma, fewer-symptom asthma or multi-symptom asthma groups. Subjects with multi-symptom asthma had a higher risk of waking up at night regardless of which respiratory symptom is analyzed. Blue: non-asthma, maroon, fewer-symptom asthma and green: multi-symptom asthma. *** P < 0.001.

Frequency of non-asthma, fewer-symptom asthma or multi-symptom asthma in subjects who reported symptoms of chronic rhinosinusitis, including nasal blockage, nasal secretion, aching sinuses or reduced smell, all for at least 12 weeks during the last year. Each individual symptom was a significant risk factor for multi-symptom asthma. *** P < 0.001.