Treatment of tumor cells with [sorafenib + sildenafil + celecoxib] sensitizes them to chemotherapy drugs containing platinum. (A) Spiky, PA-1, SKOV3 and CAOV-3 cells were treated for 24 h with either vehicle control or [sorafenib (2 μM) + sildenafil (2 μM) + celecoxib (2 μM)]. In portions of cells, 12 h after the initiation of the experiment, cisplatin (CDDP, 50 nM) was added to the culture media. At the 24 h time point cells were processed and subjected to live/dead assays in a Hermes Wiscan system. (B) CTG-1677 and CTG-1703 PDX primary ovarian tumor cells were treated for 24 h with either vehicle control or [sorafenib (2 μM) + sildenafil (2 μM) + celecoxib (2 μM)]. In portions of cells, 12 h after the initiation of the experiment, cisplatin (CDDP, 50 nM) was added to the culture media. At the 24 h time point cells were processed and subjected to live/dead assays in a Hermes Wiscan system. (C) Spiky cells as separated single cells were plated in 6 well plates (250–1,500 cells per well). Twelve h after plating cells were treated for 24 h with either vehicle control or [sorafenib (2 μM) + sildenafil (2 μM) + celecoxib (2 μM)]. In portions of cells, 12 h after the initiation of the experiment, cisplatin (CDDP, 50 nM) was added to the culture media. At the 24 h time point the drug containing media was removed, the cells washed once with warm drug free media, and the cells cultured for another 7–10 d in drug free media. Cells were then fixed and stained with crystal violet and colonies of > 50 cells counted (n = 6 ++− SEM). (D) Non-small cell lung cancer cells: Left: were treated for 12 h with either vehicle control or [sorafenib (2 μM) + sildenafil (2 μM) + celecoxib (2 μM)]. In portions of cells, 6h after the initiation of the experiment, cisplatin (CDDP, 50 nM) was added to the culture media. At the 12 h time point cells were processed and subjected to live/dead assays in a Hermes Wiscan system. Right: Non-small cell lung cancer cells were treated for 24 h with either vehicle control or [sorafenib (2 μM) + sildenafil (2 μM) + celecoxib (2 μM)]. At the 24 h time point cells were processed and subjected to live/dead assays in a Hermes Wiscan system. (E) Testicular carcinoma cells were treated for 24 h with either vehicle control or [sorafenib (2 μM) + sildenafil (2 μM) + celecoxib (2 μM)]. In portions of cells, 12 h after the initiation of the experiment, cisplatin (CDDP, 50 nM) was added to the culture media. At the 24 h time point cells were processed and subjected to live/dead assays in a Hermes Wiscan system. (F) OVCAR cells were treated with vehicle control or with [sorafenib (2 μM) / celecoxib (2 μM) + sildenafil (2 μM)] for 6h after which the drug containing media was removed, the cells washed once with warm drug free media, and the cells cultured for another 18h (24 h assay total time) in media treated with vehicle control or cisplatin (CDDP, 50 nM). At the 24 h time point cells were processed and subjected to live/dead assays in a Hermes Wiscan system. (G) Spiky and OVCAR ovarian cancer cells were treated for 24 h with either vehicle control or [sorafenib (2 μM) + sildenafil (2 μM) + celecoxib (2 μM)]. In portions of cells, 12 h after the initiation of the experiment, oxaliplatin (OX, 50 nM) or carboplatin (CARBO, 50 nM) was added to the culture media. At the 24 h time point cells were processed and subjected to live/dead assays in a Hermes Wiscan system. (H and I) PA-1 and CAOV-3, and CGT-1677 and CGT-1703 ovarian cancer cells were treated for 24 h with either vehicle control or [sorafenib (2 μM) + sildenafil (2 μM) + celecoxib (2 μM)]. In portions of cells, 12 h after the initiation of the experiment, oxaliplatin (OX, 50 nM) or carboplatin (CARBO, 50 nM) or cisplatin (CDDP, 50 nM) was added to the culture media. At the 24 h time point cells were processed and subjected to live/dead assays in a Hermes Wiscan system. (J) Tumor cells from various tissues were analyzed: NSCLC (ADOR, H1299); stomach (AGS); colorectal (HCT116); pancreatic (Mia Paca 2, PANC1); hepatoma (HuH7, HEP3B). Cells were treated for 24 h with either vehicle control or [sorafenib (2 μM) + sildenafil (2 μM) + celecoxib (2 μM)]. In portions of cells, 12 h after the initiation of the experiment, oxaliplatin (OX, 50 nM) or carboplatin (CARBO, 50 nM) was added to the culture media. Nota bene, hepatoma cells were treated for only 12 h. At the 24 h time point cells were processed and subjected to live/dead assays in a Hermes Wiscan system.