PMC

The effect of the extract of puncture vine (Tribulus) (0, 1, 10, or 100 ng/ml), xylene (20 μg/ml) and their combination (Tribulus + xylene) on the release of testosterone. The values are mean ± SEM. a) effect of Tribulus – significant (P<0.05) differences between cells cultured with and without Tribulus terrestris extract, b) effect of xylene – significant (P<0.05) differences between the corresponding groups of cells cultured with and without xylene. SEM - standard error of the mean.

The effect of the extract of puncture vine (Tribulus) (0, 1, 10, or 100 ng/ml), xylene (20 μg/ml) and their combination (Tribulus + xylene) on the release of IGF-I. The values are mean ± SEM. a) effect of Tribulus – significant (P<0.05) differences between cells cultured with and without Tribulus terrestris extract, b) effect of xylene – significant (P<0.05) differences between the corresponding groups of cells cultured with and without xylene. SEM - standard error of the mean.

The effect of the extract of puncture vine (Tribulus) (0, 1, 10, or 100 ng/ml), xylene (20 μg/ml) and their combination (Tribulus + xylene) on proliferation (expression of PCNA). The values are mean ± SEM. a) effect of Tribulus – significant (P<0.05) differences between cells cultured with and without Tribulus terrestris extract, b) effect of xylene – significant (P<0.05) differences between the corresponding groups of cells cultured with and without xylene. SEM - standard error of the mean.

The effect of the extract of puncture vine (Tribulus) (0, 1, 10, or 100 ng/ml), xylene (20 μg/ml) and their combination (Tribulus + xylene) on the release of progesterone. The values are mean ± SEM. a) effect of Tribulus – significant (P<0.05) differences between cells cultured with and without Tribulus terrestris extract, b) effect of xylene – significant (P<0.05) differences between the corresponding groups of cells cultured with and without xylene. SEM - standard error of the mean.