PMC

A. A fish keratocyte and its integrin tension map.
(Upper left) A motile fish keratocyte.
(Lower left) Integrin tension map of the keratocyte reported by ITS.
(Upper right) Real-time integrin tension was obtained by frame subtraction. It shows that the newly generated integrin tension is co-localized with the cell rear edge.
(Lower right) Integrin tension map (green) and real-time integrin tension (magenta) are presented in one merged figure. Scale bar: 10 μm.
B. A NIH-3T3 fibroblast and its integrin tension map.
(Upper left) An NIH-3T3 fibroblast.
(Lower left) Integrin tension map of the NIH-3T3 fibroblast. Integrin tension was generated in a stripe pattern.
(Upper right) Real-time integrin tension shows that newly generated integrin tension mainly forms at cell peripheral region.
(Lower right) Integrin tension map (green) and real-time integrin tension (magenta) are presented in one merged figure.
Scale bar: 10 μm.

(A) Tension recovery following repeated releases (amplitude, 0.5% of Lo; duration, 5ms). Note that tension recovery takes place from negative tension below zero tension baseline. (B) Disappearance of tension recovery following repeated releases (amplitude, 0.5% of Lo; duration, 5ms) in the presence of 10mM EDTA. Note that the tension drop coincident with applied release is not followed by tension recovery. (C) Disappearance of tension recovery following repeated releases (amplitude, 0.3% of Lo; duration, 5ms) in the presence of 10mM EDTA. In A, B and C, downward arrow indicates time of application of Low-Ca rigor solution (pCa, > 9), while horizontal broken line indicates zero tension baseline.

(A)Representative vascular tension trace showed that SNP reduced vascular tension of endothelium-intact vascular rings preconditioned with PE in a dose-dependent manner. (B) Representative vascular tension trace showed that iberiotoxin significantly inhibited SNP-induced vasodilation in endothelium-intact vascular rings. (C) Dose response curves showed that iberiotoxin significantly inhibited SNP-induced vasodilation, ** P < 0.01, n = 3. (D) Representative vascular tension trace showed that SNP significantly reduced vascular tension of endothelium-denuded vascular rings preconditioned with PE in a dose-dependent manner. (E) Representative vascular tension trace showed that iberiotoxin did not inhibited SNP-induced vasodilation in endothelium-denuded vascular rings. (F) Dose response curves showed that iberiotoxin did not affect SNP-induced vasodilation in endothelium-denuded vascular rings, n = 3. (G) Representative vascular tension trace showed that iberiotoxin significantly inhibited Jujuboside B-induced vasodilation in endothelium-intact vascular rings preconditioned with PE. (H) Dose response curves showed that iberiotoxin significantly inhibited Jujuboside B-induced vasodilation, ** P < 0.01, n = 4.

At short muscle lengths, up to L_opt (upper panel), there were two components of tension, the level of resting tension (RT) before onset of stretch and the tension during a slow stretch (3 mm at 1 mm s⁻¹) up to a maximum, called the short-range tension (SRT). The dotted line below the record indicates zero tension, the thin continuous line the level of resting tension. At longer lengths (L_opt+ 6 mm) an additional component of the tension rise during stretch was attributed to elastic structures, not associated with short-range properties. To extract this component, the elastic tension (ET), a line was drawn parallel to the second, more gradual tension rise which intersected the tension trace at the start of the stretch (dashed line). It represented the amount by which tension increased with length, independent of short-range properties. For each record with a significant component of elastic tension this was subtracted to derive the short-range tension. The bottom panel shows the record at L_opt + 6 mm after subtraction of the elastic tension. The tension calibration applies to all three panels.