PMC

Infrared spectroelectrochemistry of TCNQ. (A) In BMImNTf₂. Initial difference spectrum (black); TCNQ⁻ (red); TCNQ²⁻ (blue). (B) In 50% BMImPF₆/acetonitrile. TCNQ⁻ (with some TCNQ²⁻) (red); TCNQ²⁻ (blue). Electrolyte: 0.10 M TBAP.

Infrared spectroelectrochemistry of TCNQ. (A) In acetonitrile. Initial difference spectrum (red); TCNQ⁻ (blue); TCNQ²⁻ (green); end of scan (black). Electrolyte: 0.10 M TBAP (B) In BMImBF₄. Initial difference spectrum (red); TCNQ⁻ (blue); TCNQ²⁻ (green).

(a) In-situ Raman spectroelectrochemistry of the ^12/13C t-2LG G modes and (b) In-situ Raman spectroelectrochemistry of the ^12/13C AB-2LG G modes. The spectra are excited by 2.33 eV laser excitation energy and the electrode potentials range from −1.5 to 1.5 V vs. Ag/Ag⁺ (from bottom to top) in units of 0.1 V. The red dashed curves are guide to eyes. Note that, due to electrochemistry conventions, positive potentials are filling the system with holes while negative potentials are filling the system with electrons.

a Set up of operando spectroelectrochemistry study of PEDOT:Tos/PTHF film with different compositions. b The pattern of the stepwise bias that was applied on the working electrode (P-x% PTHF). c, d UV-Vis-NIR absorbance of PEDOT:Tos and P-80% PTHF after the electrical bias has been removed.