PMC

PL neurons that project to NAcC activate in proportion to cocaine seeking, but not sucrose seeking. a, PL neurons retrogradely labeled from NAcC expressed a significantly greater percentage of Fos during cue-induced reinstatement of cocaine seeking (black bar, n = 10) compared with extinction of cocaine seeking (white bar, n = 7). There were no differences in the percentage of Fos in the IL-NAcC projection during extinction (n = 7) versus cue-induced reinstatement of cocaine seeking (n = 10). Similar to the PL-NAcC pathway, BLA and vSub neurons that are retrogradely labeled from NAcC showed significantly greater percentages of Fos during cue-induced reinstatement of cocaine seeking (n = 10) compared with extinction (n = 7). b, There were no differences in the percentage of Fos in the PL-NAcC projection during extinction (white bar, n = 5) and cue-induced reinstatement of sucrose seeking (black bar, n = 9). The percentages of Fos⁺ IL, BLA, or vSub neurons that were retrogradely labeled from NAcC also did not differ between extinction (n = 5) and cue-induced reinstatement sucrose seeking (n = 9). c, The percentages of Fos⁺ PL, IL, BLA, or vSub neurons that were retrogradely labeled from NAcSh did not differ between extinction (white bars, n = 7) and cue-induced reinstatement of cocaine seeking (black bars, n = 10). d, The percentages of Fos⁺ PL, IL, BLA, or vSub neurons that were retrogradely labeled from NAcSh did not differ between extinction (white bars, n = 4) and cue-induced reinstatement of sucrose seeking (black bars, n = 6). e, The percentages of Fos⁺ PL neurons retrogradely labeled from NAcC during cue-induced reinstatement of cocaine seeking correlated with the first 30 min of active lever pressing in individual rats (circles, n = 10). However, Fos activation in the same circuit did not correlate with cue-induced reinstatement of sucrose seeking (f, n = 9). Bar graphs and error bars indicate mean ± SEM. *p < 0.05. n.s., Not significant.

Confinement-related worries and lifestyle changes in the whole sample and in the subsample with SCD. A In the whole sample, the percentage of participants showing specific worries and lifestyle changes during the confinement is displayed by SCD status. ^aWith SCD N = 62, without SCD N = 167. ^bWith SCD N = 62, without SCD N = 166. ^cWith SCD N = 62, without SCD N = 165. ^dWith SCD N = 60, without SCD N = 162. ^eWith SCD N = 60, without SCD N = 162. ^fWith SCD N = 60, without SCD N = 162. B In the subsample with SCD, the percentage of participants showing specific worries and lifestyle changes during the confinement is displayed for the participants who sought medical help and the participants who did not seek medical help. ^aWith SCD, seeking medical help N = 17; with SCD, not seeking medical help N = 45. ^bWith SCD, seeking medical help N = 17; with SCD, not seeking medical help N = 45. ^cWith SCD, seeking medical help N = 17; with SCD, not seeking medical help N = 45. ^dWith SCD, seeking medical help N = 17; with SCD, not seeking medical help N = 43. ^eWith SCD, seeking medical help N = 17; with SCD, not seeking medical help N = 43. ^fWith SCD, seeking medical help N = 17; with SCD, not seeking medical help N = 43. Abbreviations: SCD, subjective cognitive decline

Note. HED = Heavy episodic drinking; RNS = Risk and novelty seeking; DIS = Disinhibition; ES = Experience seeking; TAS = Thrill and adventure seeking.

^† All figures are β-coefficients. ***P<0.001. Total effect of educational attainment on poor self-rated health was 17.4% (SE 0.017, 95% CI 14.1%–20.8%); indirect effect of information seeking on self-rated health was 1.6% (SE 0.5%, 95% CI 0.7%–2.6%), which yielded 9.2% of the total effect was mediated through health information seeking from newspapers/magazines and Internet (Sobel test P<0.01). Total effect of household income on poor self-rated health was 16.9% (SE 0.018, 95%CI: 13.7%–20.5%); indirect effect of information seeking on self-rated health was 1.3% (SE 0.3%, 95% CI 0.7%–2.0%), which yielded 7.9% of the total effect was mediated through health information seeking from newspapers/magazines and Internet (Sobel test P<0.01).