PMC

Temperature variation in the box interior and in a normal, intact lotus flower during nocturnal refrigeration.

Summary statistics of flower tracking at high frequencies. Average gain, phase lag and tracking error for each individual of the diurnal (a), crepuscular (b) and nocturnal (c) species were calculated for the high-frequency band (1.7–7.9 Hz, for flower frequencies; see the electronic supplementary material, figure S3). Box shows interquartile range and median; whiskers denote quartile ± 1.5 × interquartile range. Asterisks denote p < 0.05 (Kruskall–Wallis test).

Nocturnal bee species that visit flowers of cambuci (Campomanesia phaea, Myrtaceae) in south-eastern Brazil. (A) Ptiloglossa latecalcarata (Colletidae), (B) Ptiloglossa sp. (Colletidae), (C) Megalopta sodalis (Halictidae), (D) Megommation insigne (Halictidae).

Pollen transport and flower-visiting networks in a lowland agricultural landscape. Networks represent (a) nocturnal moths based on individuals carrying pollen of given plant species, and flower visitation networks consisting of (b) non-social bee and wasp species, hoverflies and butterflies and (c) social bee species. Species contributing to greater than 10% of interactions are named, and the number of contributing species, as well as linkage density and connectance, are indicated above the networks. Width of boxes in each column is proportional to the number of individuals found with pollen from a given species or from the number of visitation records. Width of connecting links corresponds with the recorded number instances of pollen or flower visitation by the pollinator with a specific flower species.