PMC

Scatter plots of PC1 vs. PC2 (a) and PC2 vs. PC3 (b) scores, and 95% confidence ellipse of the scores for PCA using meristic characters

Representative meristic female (a) and ameristic male (b) gametophytes of Ceratopteris richardii. Archegonia (i.e., female gametangia, each containing a single egg) are visible around the lateral meristem of the meristic gametophyte (e.g., arrow). Most cells of the male gametophyte have differentiated into an antheridium (i.e., male gametangium, each containing sperm). Meristic gametophytes can also become hermaphroditic by developing several antheridia around the perimeter of the gametophyte tissue, away from the meristem. Ameristic gametophytes are always strictly male

(a) Scatter plot of PC 1 vs. PC 2 for PCA using meristic variables. (b) Scatter plot of PC 1 vs. PC 2 for PCA using size‐adjusted morphometric variables. (c) Sample centroids plot of discriminant function scores using meristic variables. (d) Sample centroids plot of discriminant function axes using size‐adjusted morphometric variables. (e) Dendrogram derived from cluster analyses of meristic and size‐adjusted morphometric measurements. Ponticola iranicus = square; P. patimari Hg1 = circle; P. patimari Hg2 + Hg3 = triangle.

Representation of centroid plots (with 0.95 confidence ellipses) from the Duero populations using: a) first meristic principal component on first morphometric principal component, and b) first meristic on second morphometric principal component.