PMC

(A) Monoecious caprifig fruit and (B) female fig fruit. Blue, red and green arrowheads indicate staminate flower, short-style pistillate flower and long style pistillate flower, respectively. (C) caprifig staminate flowers (left), caprifig short-style pistillate flowers (center) and fig long-style pistillate flower (right). (D) Genetics of sex determination in F. carica. G, dominant allele for gynoecious flowers short-style pistils; g, recessive allele for gynoecious flowers short-style pistils; A, dominant allele for presence of the androecium; a, recessibe allele for suppression of the androecium. Two genes G/g and A/a are considered to be closely linked. Table was generated in reference to Storey (1975).

Pistillate flower and fruit morphology of Ceratophyllum tanaiticum (SEM). (A) Abaxial view of flower with long adaxial and short abaxial distal gynoecial outgrowth. (B) Detail of (A) showing abaxial outgrowth. The gynoecium orifice is hidden by the abaxial outgrowth. (C) Side view of flower with a single (adaxial) distal gynoecial outgrowth; two involucral appendages removed, but their scars are visible in the bottom-right part of the image. (D) Detail of abaxial view of gynoecium similar to that in (C), but with a vestigial gland below the orifice. (E) Young fruit; note the ab initio absence of involucral appendages on one side of the fruit base (asterisk). Scale bars = 100 μm in (A–E).

Ascending series of transverse anatomical sections of pistillate flower of Ceratophyllum demersum with two glandular gynoecial appendages and basally bilocular gynoecium (LM). A general view of this flower is shown in . The flower has been serially sectioned after taking SEM images. (A) Level of attachment of involucral appendages. (B,C) Bilocular region of the gynoecium. Each locule has an ovule. (D–F) Unilocular region of the gynoecium with the third ovule. Arrowheads in D,E show radii of attachment of the two long distal outgrowths (see ). Asterisks in D,E show radii of the two glandular appendages that are visible in (F). (F) Level of attachment of the two glandular appendages. Scale bars = 300 μm in (A,B,F), 100 μm in (C–E).

OtobagordoniifoliaA leaf on adaxial side B leaf on abaxial side, illustrating long petioles and vernation lines C staminate inflorescence D staminate flower E pistillate flowers, note the pubescent ovary F immature fruits. Photos by Rudy Gelis taken in Ecuador (unvouchered).