PMC

The percentage of reviewed publications (n = 224) that reported either negative, positive, both negative and positive, or neutral effect of all bioenergy (column a), edible (b), inedible (c), and studies that included a combination of both edible and inedible feedstocks in their analysis (d), on overall food security (row A), and food security parameters food availability (B), food price (C), food production (D), and multiple food security parameters (E). *Bioenergy type “not specified” (n = 4) is only included in the tabulation of “All bioenergy” (column a), and therefore the sum of edible, inedible, and combination of both edible and inedible feedstocks (columns b–d) will not necessarily be a composite of “All bioenergy”.

Mice exposed to food insecurity received unpredictable, variable amounts of food for four days (Insecurity) followed by unlimited access to food for three days (Recovery). This pattern was repeated for four weeks. Control mice had unlimited access to food. Data show daily consumption per mouse (mean +/-SEM), by group. Baseline food consumption, prior to food insecurity exposure, did not differ by group (T-test: T = -0.58, df = 14, p = 0.57). During food insecurity and recovery, food consumption differed by group and time with mice exposed to food insecurity eating less than controls during food insecurity exposure and more during recovery (two-way ANOVA: group x time interaction: F_7,93 = 10.95, P < 0.01).

(A) Food availability in the wild food environment during the lockdown phase (May-June, 2020) and the unlock phase (September-October, 2020). (B) Food availability in the cultivated food environment during the lockdown phase (May-June, 2020) and the unlock phase (September-October, 2020). (C) (a,b) Food availability in the built food environment during the lockdown phase (May-June, 2020) and the unlock phase (September-October, 2020).

Conceptual model of the relation between food integrity climate and food integrity behavior. The food integrity climate as well as the moderators and mediators represent the continuous independent variables, while food integrity behavior is the continuous dependent variable of the study. It is assumed that food integrity climate is positively related to food integrity behavior (Hypothesis 1 (H1)), that burnout and job stress moderate the relation between food integrity climate and food integrity behavior (Hypothesis 2A and 2B (H2)) and that food integrity knowledge and motivation mediate the relation between food integrity climate and food integrity behavior (Hypothesis 3A and 3B (H3)).